1. The kingdom of Vijayanagara was founded by
(a) Vijay Raya
(b) Hariharaa- II
(c) Hariharaa and Bukka
(d) Bukka- II
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (c) Hariharaa and Bukka
- Hariharan and Bukka, the sons of Sangama, were ministers in the court of Kampili.
- However, Muhammad Tughluq invaded Kampili and forced them to convert to Islam.
- Later, they were sent to the South to put down a rebellion, but they failed.
- With the help of Saint Vidyaranya and Sayan, they became Hindus again and founded the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336.
- This empire was ruled by four dynasties over the course of three hundred years:
- Sangama (1336-1485)
- Saluva (1485-1505)
- Tuluva (1505-1570)
- Aravidu (1570-1650)
- The capitals of the Vijayanagara Empire were Anegundi, Vijayanagara, Vinukonda, and Chandragiri.
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2. The ‘Vijayanagara Kingdom was founded by –
(a) Hariharaa and Bukka
(b) Krishnadeva Raya
(c) Pushyamitra
(d) Bhadrabahu
[Uttarakhand Lower (Sub.) (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) Hariharaa and Bukka
- Hariharan and Bukka, two brothers who worked as ministers in the court of Kampili, started the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336.
- The dynasty was named the Sangama Dynasty after their father’s name.
- Later, they were forced to convert to Islam by Muhammad Tughluq, who invaded Kampili.
- With the help of their spiritual teacher Vidyaranya and Sayan, a Vedic commentator, they reverted back to Hinduism.
- The Vijayanagara Empire was ruled by four dynasties for three hundred years.
- These dynasties were the Sangama Dynasty (1336-1485), Saluva Dynasty (1485-1505), Tuluva Dynasty (1505-1570), and Aravidu Dynasty (1570-1650).
- The capitals of Vijayanagara were Anegundi, Vijayanagara, Vinukonda, and Chandragiri.
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3. Which among the following kingdoms was founded by two Brothers, Harihara and Bukka?
(a) Kingdom of Vijayanagara
(b) Kingdom of Kakatiyas
(c) Kingdom of Hoysalas
(d) Kingdom of Kampili
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre.) 2021]
Ans (a) Kingdom of Vijayanagara
- Hariharan and Bukka started the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336, which was named after their father – the Sangama Dynasty.
- They were ministers in the court of Kampili but were arrested by Muhammad Tughluq and forced to become Muslim.
- With the help of their spiritual teacher Vidyaranya and Sayan, they converted back to Hinduism to create the Vijayanagara Dynasty.
- There were four ruling families within the empire:
- the Sangama Dynasty (1336 – 1485)
- Saluva Dynasty (1485 – 1505)
- Tuluva Dynasty (1505 – 1570)
- Aravidu Dynasty (1570 – 1650)
- The Vijayanagara Empire lasted for more than three hundred years, with its capital cities located in Anegundi, Vijayanagara, Vinukonda, and Chandragiri.
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4. Who of the following founded a new city on the South bank of a tributary to river Krishna and undertook to rule his new kingdom as the agent of a deity to whom all the land south of the river Krishna was supposed to belong?
(a) Amoghavarsha- I
(b) Ballala- II
(c) Hariharaa- I
(d) Prataparudra- II
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) Hariharaa- I
- Hariharan was the first son of Sangama, and he founded a new city on the southern bank of a tributary of the river Krishna.
- He ruled his new kingdom as the representative of a deity who owned all the land to the south of the river Krishna.
- He built a fortress in the west of Karnataka to establish the Vijayanagara Kingdom.
- Later, his son Bukka succeeded him.
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5. Constructed by Shri Laxmanadeva Raya:
(a) Bhoramdeo
(b) Narayana Temple
(c) Bhandaldeo Temple
(d) Deorani Temple
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (a) Bhoramdeo
- Shri Laxmanadeva Raya built the Bhoramdeo Temple, which is a set of temples that honor the Hindu God Shiva.
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6. The lady poet who described the victorious expeditions of her husband in her work ‘Madhura-Vijayam’ was :
(a) Bharati
(b) Ganga Devi
(c) Varadambika
(d) Vijjika
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (b) Ganga Devi
- Hariharan ordered two armies, led by Kumar Savanna and Kumara Kampana, to take over Madurai in 1352-53 A.D.
- Kumara Kampana Adayar was successful in taking Madurai and adding it to the Vijayanagara Empire.
- Ganga Devi, the wife of Kumara Kampana, wrote about her husband’s victory in her book.
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7. Identify the first ruler of Vijaynagara who captured Goa from Bahamani.
(a) Hariharaa- I
(b) Hariharaa- II
(c) Bukka- II
(d) Devaraya- II
[40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (b) Hariharaa- II
- After Bukka died in 1377 AD, his son Hariharaa-II became king and called himself the “Maharajadhiraja”.
- He took over Canara, Mysore, Kanchi, and Trichanapali and collected taxes from the king of Sri Lanka.
- He fought with the Bahamani kingdom and Sultan Mujahid tried to invade his kingdom, but failed.
- His biggest success was taking Belgaum and Goa from the Bahamani.
- He worshipped the Virupaksha form of Lord Shiva.
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8. Consider the following Statements :
1. Narasimha Saluva ended the Sangama dynasty seized the throne for himself and started the Saluva dynasty
2. Vira Narasimha deposed the last Saluva ruler and seized the throne for himself
3. Vira Narasimha was succeeded by his younger brother, Krishnadeva Raya
4. Krishnadeva Raya was succeeded by his half-brother, Achyuta Raya
Which of the statements given above is correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1 and 4
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
- In 1485 AD, Narasimha Saluva overthrew Virupaksha II, the last leader of the Sangama dynasty, and took the throne.
- He created the Saluva dynasty, which lasted for about six years.
- Narasimha’s son, Immadi Narasimha, was then dethroned by Vira Narasimha, who established the Tuluva Dynasty.
- After Vira Narasimha, his younger brother Krishnadeva Raya took power, and then it was Achyuta Raya’s turn, who was in charge from 1529 to 1542 AD.
- All of this is correct.
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9. With whom the king of Vijayanagara, Krishnadeva Raya fought the battle of Golconda?
(a) Quli Qutb Shah
(b) QutbuddinAybak
(c) Ismail-Adil Khan
(d) Gajapati
[43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (a) Quli Qutb Shah
- The King of Vijayanagara, Krishnadeva Raya, fought with the Sultan of Golconda, Quli Qutb Shah.
- Quli had created the Qutb Shahi Dynasty and captured forts like Warangal and Kondaveedu when Krishnadeva was busy fighting in Orissa.
- Quli’s campaign against Krishnadeva went on, but eventually, he was defeated.
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10. Who were the ‘Ashtadiggajas’ in the court of Krishnadeva Raya?
(a) Eight ministers
(b) Eight Telugu poets
(c) Eight great warriors
(d) Eight advisors
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (b) Eight Telugu poets
- Krishnadeva Raya’s reign was known as the golden age of Telugu literature.
- There were 8 great poets and scholars in his court.
- Telugu literature flourished during his time, and he was known as ‘Andhra Bhoja’.
- Peddana was the most prominent of the 8 and was skilled in both Telugu and Sanskrit.
- Krishnadeva Raya was a talented author and poet, writing the famous epic ‘Amuktamalyada’.
- He was also known for building Nagalpur City.
- Domingo Paes, a Portuguese traveler, visited Vijayanagara during his time and Babur mentioned him as the most powerful ruler of India in his autobiography.
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11. Who among these is known as ‘Andhra Bhoj’?
(a) Krishnadeva Raya
(b) Rajendra Chola
(c) Hariharaa
(d) Bukka
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) Krishnadeva Raya
- Krishnadeva Raya’s rule is remembered as the golden age of Telugu literature.
- He had eight great poets and scholars, known as the ‘Ashtadiggajas’, at his court.
- Telugu literature flourished during his reign and he earned the title ‘Andhra Bhoja’.
- ‘Peddana’ was the most respected of the ‘Ashtadiggajas’.
- He was skilled in Telugu and Sanskrit.
- Krishnadeva Raya was a very talented poet and wrote ‘Amuktamalyada’, one of the five major Telugu epics.
- He was also interested in art and building and is credited with creating the city of Nagalpur.
- The Portuguese traveler Domingo Paes visited Vijayanagara during his reign and Babur said he was the most powerful ruler in India in his autobiography.
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12. The ‘Ashtadiggajas’ was associated with which of the following rulers?
(a) Shivaji
(b) Krishnadeva Raya
(c) Rajendra-I
(d) Yashovarman
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) Krishnadeva Raya
- Krishnadeva Raya’s rule was known as the golden age of Telugu literature.
- During his rule, ‘Ashtadiggajas’, eight great Telugu poets and scholars, flourished.
- ‘Peddana’ was the most respected of them, having mastery over Telugu and Sanskrit.
- Raya was an accomplished poet and writer himself, having written ‘Amuktamalyada’, one of the five top Telugu epics.
- He also had a great interest in art and building; he built the city of Nagalpur.
- Domingo Paes, a Portuguese traveler, visited during his reign, and Babur, in his autobiography, mentioned Raya as the most powerful Indian ruler of the time.
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13. The ruling period of Krishnadeva Raya was the golden age of which literature?
(a) Konkani
(b) Malayalam
(c) Tamil
(d) Telugu
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (d) Telugu
- Krishnadeva Raya’s rule is known as the golden age of Telugu literature.
- There were eight great poets and scholars of Telugu who worked in the Court of Vijayanagara.
- Telugu literature flourished during Krishnadeva Raya’s reign and he was given the title ‘Andhra Bhoja’.
- ‘Peddana’ was the most famous of the ‘Ashtadiggajas’ and he was skilled in both Telugu and Sanskrit.
- Krishnadeva Raya himself was an accomplished poet and writer, having written the epic ‘Amuktamalyada’.
- He was also interested in art and construction and is credited with building Nagalpur City.
- Domingo Paes, a Portuguese traveler, visited Vijayanagara during his rule, and Babur described him as the most powerful ruler of India in his autobiography.
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14. Consider the following statements and choose the correct answer using the code given below–
Statement 1: Krishnadevaraya, ruler of Vijaynagar wrote the treatise
Statement 2: Krishnadevaraya is also known by the name of Andhra Bhoj
Statement 3: Allasani Peddana, the poet laureate well versed in Sanskrit and Tamil, adorned his court.
Code –
(a) Statement 1 is true
(b) Statement 2 is true
(c) Both statements 1 & 2 are true
(d) All three statements are true
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre.) 2021]
Ans (c) Both statements 1 & 2 are true
- Krishnadevaraya, the leader of the Vijaynagar kingdom, wrote the book Amuktamalyada which was known as Andhra Bhoj.
- Allasana Peddana was part of Krishnadevraya’s court, but he was an expert in Telugu literature, not Sanskrit or Tamil.
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15. Which city was founded by Krishnadeva Raya?
(a) Warangal
(b) Nagalapura
(c) Udayagiri
(d) Chandragiri
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Nagalapura
- Shri Krishnadeva Raya was a fantastic builder.
- He is credited with building the Hazara Rama Temple and the Vittalswami Temple in the capital city.
- He also built a city called Nagalapuram to honor his mother.
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16. The famous Hazara temple of Vijayanagara was built during the reign of –
(a) Krishnadeva Raya
(b) Deva Raya-I
(c) Deva Raya-II
(d) Hariharaa-I
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (a) Krishnadeva Raya
- The Hazara Temple, a famous temple from the Vijayanagara period, was built during the rule of Krishnadeva Raya.
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17. Abdur Razzaq visited Vijayanagara during the reign of
(a) Devaraya- I
(b) Devaraya- II
(c) Krishnadeva Raya
(d) Vira Vijaya
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (b) Devaraya- II
- The Persian ambassador, Abdur Razzaq, went to Vijayanagara during the time of Devaraya- II, who ruled from 1422-1446 and was part of the Sangama dynasty.
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18. Which among the following King’s regions did the Persian traveler ‘Abdur Razzak’ come to India?
(a) Dev Rai I
(b) Krishnadeva Raya I
(c) Dev Rai II
(d) Krishna Rai II
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) Dev Rai II
- The Persian ambassador Abdur Razzaq went to Vijayanagara during the rule of Devaraya- II (1422-46 AD).
- Devaraya- II belonged to the Sangama dynasty.
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19. Who was Nicolo Conti?
(a) A famous painter
(b) An Italian traveler who visited the Vijayanagara Empire
(c) A Portuguese traveler
(d) A Persian traveler
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) An Italian traveler who visited the Vijayanagara Empire
- Nicolo Conti was an Italian traveler who went to India during the era of Deva Raya-I.
- He explored the area around Cambay in the northwest and Vijayanagara (now known as Hampi).
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20. According to Portuguese writer Nuniz, the women in the Vijayanagara Empire were experts in which of the following areas?
1. Wrestling 2. Astrology
3. Accounting 4. Soothsaying
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1, 2, and 3 only
(b) 1, 3, and 4 only
(c) 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
[I.A.S. (Pre.) 2021]
Ans (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
- Farnao Nuniz went to the Vijayanagar Empire when Achyuta Deva Raya was the ruler (1529-42).
- He observed that women were working as dancers, house helpers, and people who carried people in palanquins.
- They were also wrestlers, astrologers, and soothsayers.
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21. In whose court was the famous Telugu poet ‘Srinath’?
(a) Harihara Second
(b) Dev Raya First
(c) Pedakomati Vemareddy
(d) Krishnadeva Raya
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (c) Pedakomati Vemareddy
- Srinatha was highly admired as the greatest poet in Telugu and was supported by various kings.
- He worked as an official in the court of Pedakomati Vemareddy of Kondaveedu.
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22. Who among these was famous for Telugu translation?
1. Kamban
2. Kuttan
3. Nannaya
4. Tikkana
Choose the answer from the codes :
(a) Only 1, 2
(b) Only 2, 3
(c) Only 3, 4
(d) Only 4, 1
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (c) Only 3, 4
- Nannaya, Tikkana, and Yerrapragada are called the Kavi Traya, which means the three great poets.
- These three people translated the Mahabharata from Sanskrit into Telugu between the 11th and 14th centuries.
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23. Sayana, the famous commentator of the Vedic texts, was patronized by –
(a) Paramara rulers
(b) Satavahana rulers
(c) Vijayanagara rulers
(d) Vakataka rulers
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (c) Vijayanagara rulers
- Sayana was a very knowledgeable person when it came to the Vedas.
- Two brothers, Hariharaa and Bukka, started the Vijayanagara Empire which was located near the Anegundi Fort and the Tungabhadra River.
- They were popularly known as the Sangama brothers.
- It is believed that Madhav Vidyaranya and his brother Sayana were what inspired the creation of this empire.
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24. Sayana, the famous commentator of the Vedic texts, flourished during the reign of :
(a) The Chola kings
(b) The Gupta kings
(c) The Satavahana kings
(d) The Vijayanagara kings
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (d) The Vijayanagara kings
- Sayana was an expert commentator on the Vedas.
- The Vijayanagara Empire was established by two brothers, Hariharaa and Bukka, on the south bank of the Tungabhadra River close to Anegundi Fort.
- They were famously known as the Sangama brothers.
- It is believed that the empire was inspired by two brothers, Madhav Vidyaranya and Sayana.
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25. Who was enthroned 500 years ago?
(a) Hariharaa- I
(b) Krishnadeva Raya
(c) Kulottunga- I
(d) Rajaraya- I
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (b) Krishnadeva Raya
- Krishnadeva Raya was the best ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire and was in charge from 1509-1529 AD.
- Hariharan-I and Bukka started the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336-1356 AD.
- Kulottunga-I was the name of the eastern Chalukya dynasty leader Rajendra-II, who was the grandchild of the Chola emperor Rajendra-I.
- According to the question, 2008 was the year of the 500th anniversary of the coronation.
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26. The famous battle held in 1565 is –
(a) 1st Battle of Panipat
(b) Battle of Khanwa
(c) IInd Battle of Panipat
(d) Battle of Talikota
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (d) Battle of Talikota
- The Battle of Talikota (1565) was an important battle fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Deccan Sultanates.
- The Vijayanagara were defeated, which caused the weakening of one of the biggest Indian empires to come from southern India before the Maratha Empire.
- Talikota is located near Bijapur City in northern Karnataka.
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27. The Battle of Talikota was fought between –
(a) Akbar and Sultan of Malwa
(b) Vijayanagara and the Bahmani Kingdom
(c) Vijayanagara and combined forces of Bijapur, Ahmadnagar and Golconda
(d) Sher Shah and Humayun
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (c) Vijayanagara and combined forces of Bijapur, Ahmadnagar and Golconda
- The Battle of Talikota (1565) was a very important battle between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Deccan Sultanates.
- The Vijayanagara Empire lost the battle, which marked the end of one of the most powerful empires in Southern India before the Maratha Empire.
- Talikota is located in the north of Karnataka near Bijapur City.
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28. The Battle of Talikota was fought in –
(a) 1526 A.D.
(b) 1565 A.D.
(c) 1576 A.D.
(d) 1586 A.D.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (b) 1565 A.D.
- The Battle of Talikota in 1565 was a major turning point in Indian history.
- It was fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Deccan Sultanates and ended with the Vijayanagara being defeated, which led to the weakening of one of the most powerful empires in India before the Maratha Empire.
- Talikota is in the northern part of Karnataka.
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29. Which famous war took place in 1565 AD?
(a) Panipat I War
(b) Panipat II War
(c) Khanwa War
(d) Talikota War
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020]
Ans (d) Talikota War
- The Battle of Talikota in 1565 was a turning point in history.
- It was a fight between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Deccan Sultanates.
- The Vijayanagara Empire was defeated, which marked the end of one of the most influential empires in southern India prior to the Maratha Empire.
- Talikota is in northern Karnataka, near Bijapur City.
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30. When Raja Wodeyar founded the Kingdom of Mysore, who was the ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire?
(a) Sadasiva
(b) Tirumala
(c) Ranga- II
(d) Venkata- II
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (d) Venkata- II
- In 1570 AD, Tirumala, Ramaraya’s brother, took over from Sadasiva Raya and started the Aravidu dynasty.
- His eldest son, Sriranga-I became the next ruler, and then Venkata-II.
- Venkata-II made Chandragiri his capital and was considered one of the greatest kings of Vijayanagara.
- He was alive at the same time as King Wodeyar, who founded the Mysore State in 1612 A.D.
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31. What was the chief characteristic of the financial system of the Vijayanagara Empire?
(a) Surplus rent
(b) Land Revenue
(c) Income from seaports
(d) Monetary system
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (b) Land Revenue
- The rulers of Vijayanagara had a lot of money coming in from different sources like taxes from land, wealth, business, industry, and penalties for crimes.
- The biggest income was from land taxes which were calculated after measuring and classifying the land.
- This tax was called Shisth (RaiRekha) and it was the main source of income for the state.
- The revenue department was called Athavane.
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32. Regarding the taxation system of Krishna Deva, the ruler of Vijayanagara, consider the following statements:
1. The tax rate on land was fixed depending on the quality of the land.
2. Private owners of workshops paid an industry tax.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) Both 1 and 2
- The main source of income was from taxes on land.
- This land was split into four sections: marshes, dry areas, plantations, and forests.
- The rate of the tax was determined by the quality of the land, crops, soil, and how it was watered.
- Statement 1 is true because of this.
- Private owners of factories had to pay taxes too.
- This means that statement 2 is true as well.
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33. Ruins of Which of the following represents the old capital of Vijayanagara?
(a) Ahmadnagar
(b) Bijapur
(c) Golconda
(d) Hampi
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (d) Hampi
- Hampi, located in northern Karnataka, was the former capital of the Vijayanagara Empire.
- The Virupaksha temple in this area was constructed during that time.
- Today, Hampi is an official UNESCO world heritage site.
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34. The remains of the Vijayanagara Empire are found in -:
(a) Bijapur
(b) Golconda
(c) Hampi
(d) Baroda
(e) None of the above/ More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017]
Ans (c) Hampi
- Hampi, located in northern Karnataka, used to be the capital of the ancient Vijayanagara Empire.
- The Virupaksha temple in Hampi was built during the same time.
- It has been officially recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site.
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35. Which ruler of Vijayanagara had sent his ambassador to the emperor of China?
(a) Hariharaa- I
(b) Bukka- I
(c) Krishnadeva Raya
(d) Saluva Narasimha
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Bukka- I
- Hariharan and Bukka established the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336 AD.
- It is believed that Vidyaranya and Sayana helped inspire its creation.
- The empire was ruled by four dynasties: the Sangama Dynasty, the Saluva Dynasty, the Tuluva Dynasty, and the Aravidu Dynasty.
- In 1374 AD, Bukka-I (1356-77 AD) of the Sangama dynasty sent a mission to the Chinese Emperor.
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36. Building Kalyaana Mandapas’ was a notable feature in the temple construction in the kingdom of –
(a) Chalukya
(b) Chandela
(c) Rashtrakuta
(d) Vijayanagara
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (d) Vijayanagara
- The Vijayanagara Kingdom had special places to celebrate weddings that were like ceremonies for the gods.
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37. Where is the famous Vijaya Vitthal Temple, which has 56 carved pillars emitting musical notes located?
(a) Belur
(b) Bhadrachalam
(c) Hampi
(d) Srirangam
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (c) Hampi
- The Vitthal temple in Hampi was built by the Tuluva Dynasty’s King Krishnadeva Raya in the 1500s.
- It is known for its musical pillars.
- Hampi is the old capital of the Vijayanagara Empire.
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