1. In which of the following places Akbar was enthroned on getting the information of Humayun’s death?
(a) Kabul
(b) Lahore
(c) Sirhind
(d) Kalanaur
(e) None of the above
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (d) Kalanaur
- When Akbar found out that Humayun had died in a tragic accident from falling down the stairs at the Din-e-Pannah library, he was crowned at Kalanaur.
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2. The main aim of Akbar in fighting the Battle of Haldighati was –
(a) To subdue Rana Pratap
(b) To polarise Rajputs
(c) To satisfy the sentiments of Man Singh
(d) Imperial policy
[R.A.S. / R.T.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (a) To subdue Rana Pratap
- Akbar wanted to take control over Rana Pratap so he sent Man Singh and 5000 soldiers to battle against him.
- This battle took place on the 18th of June, 1576 and Rana was defeated, so he ran away and hid in the Aravali Hills.
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3. The Battle of Haldighati was fought in –
(a) 1756 A.D.
(b) 1576 A.D.
(c) 1756 B.C.
(d) l 576 B.C.
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) 1576 A.D.
- Akbar’s goal in the Battle of Haldighati was to take control of Rana Pratap.
- In 1576, he asked Man Singh to lead a group of 5,000 soldiers against Maharana Pratap.
- The battle happened on June 18, 1576, with Rana Pratap losing and going to hide in the Aravali Hills.
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4. Who was the commander of Rana Pratap’s army in the Battle of Haldighati?
(a) Amar Singh
(b) Man Singh
(c) Hakim Khan
(d) Shakti Singh
[56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) Hakim Khan
- Hakim Khan Sur was the leader of Rana Pratap’s forces in the Battle of Haldighati.
- He was a Pathan explorer from the Sur dynasty and was in charge of 5,000 Afghan fighters in the fight of Haldighati on June 18, 1576.
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5. Who was the Commander in Chief of Maharana Pratap’s Rajput Army in the ‘Battle of Haldighati’?
(a) Ibrahim Khan Gardi
(b) Hakim Khan Sur
(c) Tardi Beg
(d) Mohammed Lodi
[U.P.R.O/A.R.O. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (b) Hakim Khan Sur
- Hakim Khan Sur was the leader of Rana Pratap’s forces in the Battle of Haldighati.
- He was an Afghan explorer from the Sur dynasty and was in charge of a 5,000-strong army in the fight on 18 June 1576.
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6. Who was the Commander in Chief of the Rajput Army, besides Maharana Pratap in the Battle of Haldighati?
(a) Ibrahim Gardi
(b) Hakim Sur
(c) Tardi Beg
(d) Mahmood Lodi
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2016]
Ans. (b) Hakim Sur
- Hakim Khan Sur was related to Sher Shah Suri and was a leader of Maharana Pratap’s forces.
- He was the main of the Rajput Army, aside from the Maharana’s, during the Battle of Haldighati in 1576.
- He was in charge of a group of Afghans during the confrontation.
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7. The first matrimonial alliance with the Rajputs was established by Akbar with the house of :
(a) Bundelas
(b) Kachhwahas
(c) Rathore
(d) Sisodias
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (b) Kachhwahas
- Akbar made an alliance with the Kachhwaha Rajputs.
- He went on a pilgrimage to Ajmer and passed through the Rajput state of Amber.
- The ruler of Amber, Raja Bihari Mal (Bharmal), wanted to protect his state so he gave his daughter, Princess Harkhabai (Jodha), to Akbar in marriage.
- Akbar accepted this offer and got married in 1562, making it his first marriage with a Rajput girl.
- Because of this, Raja Bharmal became the first Rajput king to accept Akbar’s rule.
- Akbar and Princess Harkhabai’s son, Salim (later Jahangir), was born on August 30, 1569.
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8. Which of the following families was the first to have a matrimonial alliance with Akbar?
(a) Rathore
(b) Sisodiya
(c) Kachhwaha
(d) Chauhan
[U.P. R.O./ A.R.O. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) Kachhwaha
- Raja Bharmal, a ruler of Amer from the Rajput Kachhwaha clan, started a marriage bond with Akbar in 1562 by offering his daughter’s hand in marriage.
- Akbar happily accepted and celebrated the union with a grand ceremony.
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9. The Mausoleum (Dargah) of which Chishti Saint was visited by Akbar?
(a) Muinuddin Chishti
(b) Shaikh Nasimuddin Chirag Dehalvi
(c) Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki
(d) Shaikh Farid Sanj-ai-Shakar
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (a) Muinuddin Chishti
- Akbar showed his devotion to Sufism by backing the Chishti sect.
- He would eagerly and humbly talk to religious holy people and often go to the graves of Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti at Ajmer and Shaikh Salim Chishti at Sikri.
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10. Who among the following was personally killed by Akbar?
(a) Adham Khan
(b) Bairam Khan
(c) Baz Bahadur
(d) Pir Muhammad Khan
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (a) Adham Khan
- In 1562, Akbar killed Adham Khan, the son of Maham Anga, because Atgah Khan, Akbar’s prime minister, had been murdered.
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11. Which of the following Rajputana state did not accept the supremacy of Akbar willingly?
(a) Amber
(b) Mewar
(c) Marwar
(d) Bikaner
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (b) Mewar
- Mewar refused to accept Akbar as their ruler. Rana Pratap fought against Akbar for a long time before he passed away.
- His son, Rana Amar Singh, eventually agreed to a treaty with Jahangir in 1615.
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12. Which Rajput ruler continued his struggle for independence against the Mughals and did not surrender?
(a) Raja Rai Singh of Bikaner
(b) Rao Chandrasena of Marwar
(c) Raja Bharmal of Amber
(d) Maharana Amar Singh of Mewar
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2012]
Ans. (b) Rao Chandrasena of Marwar
- Rao Chandrasena of Marwar fought the Mughal army at Bhadrajun in 1565, but he had to escape to Siwana as he was surrounded.
- Rao captured Sojat in 1579.
- Akbar attacked him again, but he ran away to the hills and passed away on 11 January 1581.
- Just like Maha Rana Pratap, Rao Chandrasena kept fighting for freedom and never gave up.
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13. Durgavati, who fought against Akbar, was the queen of –
(a) Mandla
(b) Mandu
(c) Asirgarh
(d) Ramgarh
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) Mandla
- Akbar chose to attack Gondwana and sent a group of 50,000 soldiers with big guns.
- Vir Narayan, the ruler of Gondwana, was young and his mother Durgavati was the leader of the kingdom.
- She bravely fought the battle against Garh and Mandla (modern Jabalpur) but she lost.
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14. Yousuf Shah Chak, the last Muslim ruler of Kashmir valley, was exiled to Bihar by the Mughal emperor Akbar and was buried in –
(a) Pataliputra
(b) Rajgir
(c) Munger
(d) Nalanda
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (d) Nalanda
- Yousuf Shah Chak was a leader of Kashmir from 1579 to 1586 AD.
- Akbar, the Mughal emperor, forced Yousuf out of Kashmir and he went to Bihar.
- He passed away in Bihar and was buried in Biswak
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15. Abul Fazl’s death was caused by –
(a) Prince Salim
(b) Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanan
(c) Prince Murad
(d) Prince Daniyal
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) Prince Salim
- Prince Salim was responsible for the death of Abul Fazl.
- When Salim started acting like a separate ruler in Allahabad and rebelled, Akbar asked Abul Fazal to come from Deccan in 1602.
- Vir Singh Bundela was commissioned by a Mughal prince to kill Abul Fazl while he was traveling back from Deccan.
- Jahangir then gave Vir Singh Bundela 3000 Mansab as a reward.
- This proves that Prince Salim had a hand in Abul Fazl’s death
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16. Which of one of the following factors is not conducive to establishing Akbar as a nationalist-
(a) Akbar had forsaken Islam
(b) Administrative unity and unity in Law
(c) Akbar’s effort at cultural unity
(d) Akbar’s religious policy
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) Akbar had forsaken Islam
- Akbar was the first leader in India during medieval times who promoted religious tolerance to a high level.
- He understood the political and social situation of the country and knew he needed to take a different approach to religion.
- Most of his subjects were not Muslim, so he had to win their trust and support so that he could keep his rule over India in place.
- Religion had been a source of division ever since Islam arrived, so Akbar tried to stop this by separating religion from politics.
- He did things like ending the pilgrimage tax, allowing freedom of worship, giving jobs to non-Muslims, and allowing temples to be built in order to create religious harmony, but he did not give up on Islam.
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17. The causes of Akbar’s popularity were –
A. Mansabdari system B. Religious policy
C. Land Revenue System D. Social reforms
Select the correct answer by using the codes given below :
(a) A and B
(b) B only
(c) C only
(d) A, B, C, D
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (d) A, B, C, D
- Akbar is known for setting up the Mughal administration.
- He was successful because of his policies and the way he viewed his role as the king, his organization of the provinces, his taxation system, his financial strategies, and his army.
- He was the first Muslim ruler to treat Hindus and Muslims the same, and he got rid of Jizya (a tax for going on a pilgrimage), slavery, child marriage, and Sati (a ritual for widows).
- These were all popular decisions of Akbar.
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18. Who of the following Muslim rulers abolished the pilgrimage tax?
(a) Bahlul Lodi
(b) Sher Shah
(c) Humayun
(d) Akbar
[53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (d) Akbar
- Akbar is given credit for setting up the Mughal government.
- His methods of running the kingdom, his ideas of a King’s power and duties, how provinces were governed, taxes, money, and how he organized his army were all successful.
- He was the first Muslim leader to be fair to both Hindus and Muslims, and to get rid of Jizya, pilgrimage taxes, and slavery in 1564, 1563, and 1562.
- He also stopped child marriage and the practice of ‘Sati’, all of which made him very popular.
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19. Who among the following emperors may be called “an enlightened despot”?
(a) Babur
(b) Humayun
(c) Akbar
(d) Aurangzeb
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (c) Akbar
- Akbar was an excellent ruler whose kingdom spread from Bengal to Afghanistan in the north and from Kashmir to the Godavari in the south.
- He was a fair ruler and had full control over his empire.
- This is why he is thought of as an ‘enlightened despot’ like Queen Elizabeth of England and Frederick the Great, who made sure everyone was treated equally before the law.
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20. Who among the following had ordered that a man should marry only one wife and could marry another only when the first wife was barren?
(a) Alauddin Khalji
(b) Sher Shah
(c) Akbar
(d) None of the above
[.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (c) Akbar
- Akbar wanted to make society better, so he got rid of certain customs and beliefs.
- For example, he said that men could only have one wife, and could only get another one if the first did not have children.
- He also worked hard to help widows by allowing them to remarry and strongly discouraged the “Sati” practice.
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21. Which of the following statement/s is/are correct?
1. Akbar tried to fix the age of marriage for boys and girls.
2. Akbar gave freedom to girls to marry at their own will and not under parental pressure.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
Codes:
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (c) Both 1 and 2
- Akbar wanted girls to marry at 14 and boys at 16.
- He also wanted girls to choose for themselves who to marry without their parents forcing them.
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22. Reign of Akbar is known for :
(1) Annexation of regions
(2) Provincial administrative system
(3) Judicial Administration
(4) His religious intolerance
Select the correct answer by using the codes given below :
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1,2 and 3
(c) 2,3 and 4
(d) All above
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (b) 1,2 and 3
- Akbar is known around the world for being open-minded and accepting of different religions.
- His idea of ‘Sulah-i-Kul’ shows this. Statements 1, 2, and 3 are true, but statement 4 is false. So the correct answer is Option (b).
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23. The head of the military department under the recognized central machinery of administration during Akbar’s reign was :
(a) Diwan
(b) Mir Bakshi
(c) Mir Saman
(d) Bakshi
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (b) Mir Bakshi
- During Akbar’s reign, Mir Bakshi was the head of the military division but not the leader of the army.
- His job was to pick out soldiers, decide their rank and salary, and report back to the emperor.
- In 1575, Akbar created the Mansabdari System which determined the rank and status of the soldiers.
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24. The military system in the reign of Akbar was based on :
(a) Mansabdari
(b) Zamindari
(c) Feudalistic
(d) Ain-i-Dahsala
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (a) Mansabdari
- Akbar wanted to have a strong army to expand his empire and keep the peace.
- To do this, he fixed any issues in the military system in 1573 by recording details of each soldier and branding horses.
- Then, in 1574-75, he divided the soldiers into different ranks according to the decimal system, which was called the Mansabdari system.
- A Mansabdar was an official with a rank in the army.
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25. The first person to be given the proper status of the Diwan by Akbar was –
(a) Asaf Khan
(b) Munim Khan
(c) Muzaff ar Khan Turbati
(d) Raja Todarmal
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2003, U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (c) Muzaff ar Khan Turbati
- The Persian term ‘Diwan’ was adopted by Muslims during the time of the Umar Caliph and was used to refer to the treasury department.
- From 1565 to 1596, Muzaff ar Khan Turbati, Raja Todarmal, and Khwaja Shah Mansoor were in charge of the Diwan.
- Diwan was responsible for overseeing financial matters and taxes.
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26. The Mansabdari System introduced by Akbar was borrowed from the system followed in –
(a) Afghanistan
(b) Turkey
(c) Mongolia
(d) Persia
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (c) Mongolia
- Akbar took an idea from the Mongolian army, led by Genghis Khan, which was a way of dividing their military forces.
- He made changes to it and called it the Mansabdari System.
- Even though it was different from the Mongolian military division, it was still based on the same idea.
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27. Assertion (A): During the time of Akbar, for every ten cavalrymen, the mansabdars had to maintain twenty horses.
Reason (R): Horses had to be rested while on the march and replacements were necessary in times of war.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- During Akbar’s rule, each Mansabdar had to take care of twenty horses for every ten cavalrymen.
- This was done to make sure the horses got a break during long journeys and to have backup horses for battle.
- So, the statement (A) is correct and the explanation (R) is the right reason for it.
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28. Zabti system was introduced by –
(a) Ghiyasuddin Tughluq
(b) Sikandar Lodi
(c) Sher Shah
(d) Akbar
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (d) Akbar
- During the rule of Akbar, the Zabti System was implemented for collecting land taxes.
- This system relied on Dustur-ul-Amal and Zabti Khasre for surveying and calculating the taxes.
- The majority of the land was managed using this system.
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29. In which measures Todarmal achieved fame?
(a) Military campaign
(b) Land Revenue
(c) Humor
(d) Painting
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (b) Land Revenue
- Todarmal became famous for his work with land revenue.
- Akbar started the Dahsala or Zabti system of collecting land revenue to strengthen the Mughal empire in 1580-82.
- This system was created by Todarmal, so it is called the Todarmal settlement.
- At that time, Todarmal was in charge of finances and he had Khwaja Shah Mansoor as his primary helper.
- Under this system, the average production of crops and average prices from the previous 10 years were calculated.
- The state got one-third of the average production (Maal) and the rest of the two-thirds was given to the farmers (Kharaj).
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30. Consider the following statements related to the mughal emperor Akbar and choose the correct answer:
Statement I: ‘Tansen’ was the title given to Rambali Pandey by the Mughal emperor Akbar
Statement II: Akbar was married to the sister of Raja Man Singh
Statement III: Abul Fazl was the author of ‘Ain-i-Akbari’
Statement IV: Raja Todarmal was the commander-in-chief of Akbar’s army
(a) Only Statements I and II are correct
(b) Only Statements III and IV are correct
(c) Only Statement III is correct
(d) Only Statement IV is correct
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (c) Only Statement III is correct
- Ram Tanu Pandey was known as Tansen, so statement I is incorrect.
- Jahangir was not married to the sister of Raja Man Singh from Ajmer, so statement II is wrong.
- Raja Todarmal was in charge of Akbar’s Revenue Department, not the army.
- So, statement III is the only correct one. Abul Fazal wrote ‘Ain-i-Akbari
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31. Which revenue system among the following is also known as the Bandobast System?
(a) Zabti
(b) Dahsala
(c) Nasq
(d) Kankut
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) Dahsala
- During Akbar’s rule, there was a tax system called ‘Dahsala’, which was also known as the Bandobast system.
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32. Which among the following systems of levying land revenue in Deccan was prevalent during the reign of Akbar?
(a) Kankut
(b) Number of plows
(c) Zabt
(d) Ghallabhakshi
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (b) Number of plows
- During Akbar’s rule in Deccan, the method of collecting taxes from the land was called the ‘Number of plows’ system.
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33. Todarmal was associated to –
(a) Law
(b) Land Revenue Reforms
(c) Literature
(d) Music
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (b) Land Revenue Reforms
- Akbar gave Raja Todarmal the job of finance minister and Khwaja Shah Mansoor as his helper to re-evaluate the land revenue system.
- He calculated the average amount of crops grown and the average price over the time period of 1571 to 1580.
- The state’s land revenue was then set to one-third of the average, known as the “Dahsala System”. This is known as the Todarmal Bandobast.
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34. Who among the following was the connecting link between Sher Shah and Akbar inland revenue administrative measures?
(a) Birbal
(b) Todarmal
(c) Bhagwandas
(d) Bharmal
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (b) Todarmal
- Raja Todarmal is remembered in Indian history for the changes he made to the land revenue system.
- This system was created by Akbar and Raja Todarmal and Khwaja Shah Mansoor were the main supporters of it, so it is known as the ‘Todarmal Settlement’.
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35. During the Akbar period, the land revenue system “ Ain-iDahsala” was developed by :
(a) Shahnawaz Khan
(b) Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanan
(c) Todarmal
(d) Mulla Do Pyaza
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) Todarmal
- Raja Todarmal is remembered in Indian history for changing the way land taxes were collected.
- Akbar introduced a system called Ain-i-Dahsala which was mainly created by Raja Todarmal and Khwaja Shah Mansoor, so it is called the ‘Todarmal Settlement
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36. Akbar launched “Din-i-Ilahi” in the year_____
(a) 1570
(b) 1578
(c) 1581
(d) 1582
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (d) 1582
- In 1582, Akbar started “Tauhid-i-Ilahi” or “Din-i-Ilahi”. This was a combination of different religions.
- Abul Fazl was the prophet of this religion. Only Birbal, a Hindu, accepted Din-i-Ilahi, but Raja Bhagawan Das and Man Singh refused to join it.
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37. Which ruler had promoted ‘’Din-i-Ilahi?
(a) Babur
(b) Akbar
(c) Aurangzeb
(d) Shah Jahan
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (b) Akbar
- In 1582, Akbar started the religion of Tauhid-i-Ilahi or Din-i-Ilahi.
- This religion combined the best parts of many beliefs.
- Abul Fazl was the leader of this religion.
- Only Birbal out of the Hindus accepted Din-i-Ilahi while Raja Bhagawan Das and Man Singh refused to join.
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38. Who promulgated Din-e-elahi?
(a) Babar
(b) Akbar
(c) Jahangir
(d) Shah Jahan
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020]
Ans (b) Akbar
- In 1582, Akbar started a new religion called “Tauhid-i-Ilahi” or “Din-i-Ilahi”.
- It was a mix of different religions and Abul Fazl was the prophet.
- Only Birbal among the Hindus agreed to follow this new religion while Raja Bhagawan Das and Man Singh rejected it.
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39. Which historian said ‘’Din-i-Ilahi’’ is a religion?
(a) Abul Fazl
(b) Abdul Qadir Badauni
(c) Nizamuddin
(d) None of these
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (d) None of these
- Din-i-Ilahi was not a faith, but an idea based on Sufi beliefs about one god.
- Mohsin Fani, who lived at the same time as Jahangir, wrote in his book
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40. Who constructed Ibadat Khana?
(a) Aurangzeb
(b) Alauddin Khalji
(c) Akbar
(d) Firuz Tughluq
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (c) Akbar
- In 1575, Akbar asked for the building of Ibadat Khana, a place for religious leaders like Ulemas, Sayyids, and Shaikhs to have philosophical and theological talks.
- Two years later, the doors to the Ibadat Khana were opened to everyone, regardless of their religious beliefs.
- This eventually led to the signing of the Mahzarnama in 1579 – a document written by the Ulemas.
- This document stopped the power of conservative religious people and allowed Akbar to promote a more generous and tolerant attitude.
- As a result, Akbar was honored with the title of Sultani-Adil or Imam-i-Adil. Smith stated that Akbar’s religion, Din-i-Ilahi, was a mistake, not a wise decision.
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41. Ibadat Khana at Fatehpur Sikri was –
(a) The mosque for the use of the Royal Family
(b) Akbar’s private prayer chamber
(c) The hall in which Akbar held discussions with scholars of various religions
(d) The room in which the nobles belonging to different religions gathered to discuss religious affairs
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (c) The hall in which Akbar held discussions with scholars of various religions
- In 1575, Akbar ordered the building of Ibadat Khana, a meeting place for religious scholars like Ulemas, Sayyids, and Shaikhs to share their ideas.
- In 1578, he allowed people of all religions to join the discussions.
- This led to the creation of Mahzarnama in 1579, a document signed by Ulemas.
- This document ended the dominance of strict orthodox beliefs and allowed more freedom for the ideas Akbar wished to promote.
- After this, Akbar was given the title of Sultani-Adil or Imam-i-Adil. Smith said that Akbar’s religious beliefs, Din-i-Ilahi, were not wise but foolish.
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42. Which monument is not at Fatehpur Sikri?
(a) Golden Palace
(b) Panch Mahal
(c) Jodha Bai Palace
(d) Akbari Mahal
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (d) Akbari Mahal
- Akbar built a large fort 36km away from Agra, which took him eight years to complete.
- The fort had several buildings in the Gujarat and Bengal styles, including Jodha Bai Mahal, Panch Mahal, Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khas, and Birbal ki Kothi.
- Akbari Mahal is inside Agra Fort, while the other three are in Fatehpur Sikri.
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43. Which historical monument in Delhi is a synthesis of Persian and Indian styles of Architecture?
(a) Qutb Minar
(b) Lodi’s Tomb
(c) Humayun’s Tomb
(d) Red Fort
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) Humayun’s Tomb
- Humayun’s tomb can be found in Delhi. It was built by Humayun’s wife and created by Mirak Mirza Ghiya.
- This tomb shows a mix of Persian and Indian design and style.
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44. The theory of ‘’Sulh-i-Kul’’ was promulgated by :-
(a) Nizamuddin Auliya
(b) Akbar
(c) Zainul Abidin
(d) Shaikh Nasiruddin Chirag
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (b) Akbar
- Akbar wanted everyone to get along and created a policy called “Sulh-i-Kul”.
- He made a new religion called “Din-i-Illahi” in 1582 in order to unite different religions.
- Akbar’s policy of “Sulh-i-Kul” showed how generous and tolerant he was to different religions, as well as how open-minded he was to different cultures.
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45. The concept of ‘Sulh-i-Kul’ (universal peace and fraternity) adopted by Akbar was the result of
(a) Political generosity
(b) Religious tolerance
(c) Liberal cultural attitude
(d) All the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (d) All the above
- The main goal of Akbar’s religious policy was to achieve peace among all religions, also known as the ‘Sulh-i-Kul’ policy.
- In 1582, he created a new religion called “Din-i-Illahi” to bring together different religions.
- Akbar’s ‘Sulh-i-Kul’ policy demonstrates his generous and tolerant nature, as well as his open-minded views on culture.
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46. Against which Mughal Emperor was a ‘Fatwa’ issued from Jaunpur?
(a) Humayun
(b) Akbar
(c) Shah Jahan
(d) Aurangzeb
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (b) Akbar
- In 1580, a religious leader named Mulla Majadi from Jaunpur released an official statement (known as a ‘Fatwa’) ordering Muslims to rebel against the Mughal emperor, Akbar.
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47. Consider the following statements :
Assertion(A): Constructed ‘’Buland Darwaza’’at Fatehpur Sikri.
Reason(R): Akbar built this monument to commemorate the birth of his son Jahangir.
Which one of the following is correct in reference to the above:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are Wrong, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
- Akbar conquered Gujarat in the 1570s and built a city called Fatehpur Sikri.
- Some historians think that Akbar constructed the Buland Darwaza in Sikri to celebrate his victory over Gujarat, while Pursey Brown thought it was built to celebrate a victory in the South from 1601.
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48. Which of the following has been built by Akbar?
(a) Buland Darwaza
(b) Jama Masjid
(c) Qutb Minar
(d) Taj Mahal
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (a) Buland Darwaza
- Akbar conquered Gujarat in 1572-73 and built a city called Fatehpur Sikri.
- Some historians think Akbar built the Buland Darwaza of Sikri to celebrate his success against Gujarat, while Pursey Brown linked its construction to the win in the South (1601).
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49. Which of the following Mughal Emperors introduced educational reforms?
(a) Jahangir
(b) Shah Jahan
(c) Humayun
(d) Akbar
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (d) Akbar
- Akbar was the Mughal emperor who improved the way people were taught, especially at the beginning levels.
- He made sure people learned important topics such as math, logic, measurements, geometry, astronomy, understanding faces, accounting, public management, and farming.
- Even though he never went to school, he supported people who were educated.
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50. The finest monuments constructed by Akbar are found in–
(a) Agra Fort
(b) Lahore Fort
(c) Allahabad Fort
(d) Fatehpur Sikri
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (d) Fatehpur Sikri
- Sikri, a village 36 Km away from Agra, was home to the famous Sufi Sage Shaikh Salim Chishti, whom Akbar would often visit for his blessing.
- Akbar’s most impressive monuments, such as Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khas, and Treasury, can be found in Fatehpur Sikri.
- Pursey Brown described Sikri as the “Pearl of architecture” due to its remarkable beauty.
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51. Which monument was built by Akbar and was architected like a Buddhist Monastery?
(a) Panch Mahal
(b) Diwan-i-Khas
(c) Jodha Bai Mahal
(d) Buland Darwaza
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (a) Panch Mahal
- Akbar built many structures in his city, Fatehpur Sikri.
- One of these was the Panch Mahal, a five-story pavilion that was modeled after a Buddhist monastery found in some parts of India.
- This particular design was inspired by the multi-level buildings of Nalanda.
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52. Akbar was constructed in Fatehpur Sikri –
(a) Moti Mahal
(b) Panch Mahal
(c) Rang Mahal
(d) Heera Mahal
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (b) Panch Mahal
- Akbar built many buildings in Fatehpur Sikri, his new capital.
- Panch Mahal was a tall tower with five levels, based on the design of a Buddhist monastery that only exists in a few places in India.
- Its style was inspired by the tall, multi-level buildings of Nalanda.
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53. Jahangir Mahal is located at –
(a) Delhi
(b) Aurangabad
(c) Agra
(d) Lahore
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (c) Agra
- Agra Fort is the first fort built in the style of Akbar, and it was built by Akbar himself.
- The main architect was Kasim Khan.
- There were over 500 buildings made of red sandstone in the Fort.
- Jahangir Mahal was built inside the Fort by Akbar for his son, Shahzada Salim.
- Jahangir Palace is an impressive example of Mughal architecture with Hindu and Islamic designs.
- It was inspired by the palace of Man Singh in Gwalior.
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54. Where is the Tomb of Akbar located?
(a) Sikandara
(b) Agra
(c) Aurangabad
(d) Fatehpur Sikri
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (a) Sikandara
- Akbar’s tomb can be found in Sikandara, a town created by Sikandar Lodi which Akbar named Bahistabad.
- It is outside of Agra city and Akbar began to build it, but it was finished by his son Jahangir in 1613.
- This big tomb has five levels and is a four-tiered pyramid encircled by a marble pavilion.
- The special feature of the cenotaph is that it does not have a dome on its square top.
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55. Which of the following forts was not constructed in the reign of Akbar?
(a) Red Fort of Delhi
(b) Agra Fort
(c) Allahabad Fort
(d) Lahore Fort
[U.P.P.C.S. (Re. Exam) (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (a) Red Fort of Delhi
- The Red Fort in Delhi was not constructed during Akbar’s rule.
- It was built during Shah Jahan’s time and is known as Red Fort because it was made of red sandstone.
- It was finished in 1648, while Akbar was in charge of building Agra Fort, Allahabad Fort, and Lahore Fort.
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56. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists :
| List-I |
List-II |
| (Emperors) |
(Tombs) |
| A. Babur |
1. Lahore |
| B. Akbar |
2. Agra |
| C. Jahangir |
3. Kabul |
| D. Shah Jahan |
4. Sikandara |
Code :
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
| (a) |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
| (b) |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
| (c) |
3 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
| (d) |
2 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]
Ans. (c) 3 4 1 2
-
| (Emperors) |
(Tombs) |
| A. Babur |
3. Kabul |
| B. Akbar |
4. Sikandara |
| C. Jahangir |
2. Agra |
| D. Shah Jahan |
1. Lahore |
|
57. Match List- 1 (Mughal Ruler) with List- 2 (Place of Tomb) on the basis of codes –
| List-I |
List-II |
| (Mughal Ruler) |
(Place of Tomb) |
| A. Babur |
1. Delhi |
| B. Humayun |
2. Kabul |
| C. Akbar |
3. Lahore |
| D. Jahangir |
4. Sikandara |
Code :
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
| (a) |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
| (b) |
2 |
1 |
4 |
3 |
| (c) |
3 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
| (d) |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) 2 1 4 3
-
| (Mughal Ruler) |
(Place of Tomb) |
| A. Babur |
2. Kabul |
| B. Humayun |
1. Delhi |
| C. Akbar |
4. Sikandara |
| D. Jahangir |
3. Lahore |
|
58. The translation of the Mahabharat into Persian in the time of Akbar was carried out under the supervision of :
(a) Utbi
(b) Naziri
(c) Abul Fazl
(d) Faizi
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 1999]
Ans. (d) Faizi
- Akbar appointed Faizi as the head of the Translation Department.
- Faizi oversaw a group of people, such as Naqib Khan, Badauni, and Abul Fazl, who worked together to translate the Mahabharat into Persian during Akbar’s reign.
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59. Who among the following translated the Mahabharata into Persian?
(a) Abdul Qadir Badauni
(b) Abul Fazl
(c) Nizamuddin Ahmad
(d) Shaikh Mubarak
[U.P. R.O./ A.R.O. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) Abdul Qadir Badauni
| Akbar asked Faizi and Abdul Qadir-Badayuni to translate the Mahabharata into Persian, and it was called Razmnama (book of Wars). |
60. The Persian translation of the Mahabharat is titled as–
(a) Anwar-i-Suhaili
(b) Razmnama
(c) Hasht Bahisht
(d) Ayar Danish
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2001, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (b) Razmnama
- The Mahabharat was translated into Persian by Badauni, Abul Fazl, Faizi, and others.
- Badauni translated the Ramayan, Faizi translated Leelavati, and Abul Fazl translated Kaliyadaman into Persian.
|
61. The Persian translation of Mahabharata, which was done in the 16th century is called
(a) Alamgirnama
(b) Razmanama
(c) Hamzanama
(d) Badshahnama
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Razmanama
- Badauni, Abul Fazl, Faizi, and others worked together to translate the Mahabharat into Persian and called it ‘Razmnama’.
- Additionally, Badauni translated the Ramayan, Faizi translated ‘Leelavati’ and Abul Fazl
|
62. “Rajm-nama” is the Persian translation of which Hindu text?
(a) Ramayana
(b) Mahabashya
(c) Mahabharata
(d) Ashtadhyayi
[U.P.R.O/A.R.O. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2016]
Ans. (c) Mahabharata
- Badauni, Abul Fazl, Faizi, and others worked together to translate the Mahabharat into Persian, calling it the ‘Razmnama’.
- Additionally, Badauni translated the Ramayan, Faizi translated Leelavati, and Abul Fazl
|
63. Who translated the Ramayan into the Persian language in accordance with the wishes of Akbar?
(a) Abul Fazl
(b) Abul Qadir Badauni
(c) Faizi
(d) Abdr Rahim Khan-i-Khanan
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) Abul Qadir Badauni
- Badauni, Abul Fazl, and Faizi worked together to translate the Mahabharat into Persian, which was called Razmnama.
- Badauni also translated the Ramayan, Faizi translated Leelavati, and Abul Fazl translated Kaliyadaman
|
64. Who among the following translated Ramayana into the Persian language?
(a) Mulla Sheri
(b) Abul Fazl
(c) Faizi
(d) Abdul Qadir Badauni
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (d) Abdul Qadir Badauni
- Badauni, Abul Fazl, Faizi and others worked together to translate the Mahabharat into Persian, which was called ‘Razmnama’.
- In addition, Badauni translated the Ramayan, Faizi translated Leelavati, and Abul Fazl
|
65. Who wrote Tabaqat-i-Akbari?
(a) Abul Fazal
(b) Abdul Qadir Badauni
(c) Akbar Khan Sarwani
(d) Nizamuddin Ahmed
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans (d) Nizamuddin Ahmed
- Khwaja Nizam-ud-Din Ahmed wrote a book called Tabakat-i-Akbari,
|
66. Who of the following was awarded the honor of “Zari qalam” by King Akbar :
(a) Muhammad Hussain
(b) Muqammal Khan
(c) Abdussamad
(d) Mir Sayyid Ali
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (a) Muhammad Hussain
- Muhammad Hussain, from Kashmir, was a well-known writer in the court of King Akbar, who was given the title of ‘Zari kalam’ by the King himself.
|
67. The Jain monk who stayed for a few years in the Court of Akbar and was honored with the title of Jagadguru was
(a) Hemachandra
(b) Hari Vijay Suri
(c) Jinasena
(d) Umaswati
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (b) Hari Vijay Suri
- Hari Vijay Suri was a Jain monk who spent a few years at the court of Akbar and was given the title of Jagadguru.
- Akbar asked Hari Vijay Suri to explain Jainism to him, and he was so moved by the ideas of non-violence that he became a vegetarian and stopped the killing of animals and birds.
- Another Jain scholar, Jin Chandra Suri, who lived in the Mughal court was given the title of “Yug Pradhan” by Akbar.
|
68. Famous Jain Scholar who was respected by Akbar?
(a) Chandraprabhu Suri
(b) Hari Vijay Suri
(c) Pushpadant
(d) Yashobhadra
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (b) Hari Vijay Suri
- Hari Vijay Suri was a Jain monk who was invited to the court of Akbar to talk about the beliefs of Jainism.
- Akbar was so moved by the non-violent message that he became a vegetarian and stopped people from killing animals and birds.
- Another Jain scholar in the court, Jin Chandra Suri, was given the title of “Yug Pradhan” by Akbar.
|
69. The famous painter of Mughal Emperor Akbar was –
(a) Abul Hasan
(b) Daswant
(c) Kisan Das
(d) Ustad Mansoor
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (b) Daswant
- Abul Fazl wrote about 15 exceptional painters in his work Ain-i-Akbari.
- These painters included Daswant, Basawan, Keshav Lal, Mukund, Miskin, Madhu, Jagan, Mahesh, Khemkaran, Tara, Sanwal, and Harivansh.
- Daswant, a potter’s son, was incredibly talented and caught the eye of Akbar.
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70. European paintings were introduced in the court of -:
(a) Humayun
(b) Akbar
(c) Jahangir
(d) Shah Jahan
(e) None of the above/ More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017]
Ans (b) Akbar
- Akbar’s court was the first to be exposed to European art.
|
71. ‘Jaswant and Dasawan’ famous painters were courtiers of the Mughal emperor :
(a) Akbar
(b) Jahangir
(c) Shah Jahan
(d) Aurangzeb
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) Akbar
- European paintings were introduced to the court of Akbar in the 16th century, marking a shift in the visual arts of the Mughal Empire.
- The introduction of these works brought a new level of sophistication to the court, and has since been credited with influencing the development of Mughal painting.
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72. Who was the ruler of India when the English East India Company was formed?
(a) Aurangzeb
(b) Akbar
(c) Jahangir
(d) Humayun
(e) None of the above/ More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017]
Ans (b) Akbar
- The English East India Company was created in 1600 when Elizabeth was Queen of England and Akbar was Emperor of India.
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73. Indian ruler, a contemporary of Queen Elizabeth I of England, was
(a) Akbar
(b) Shah Jahan
(c) Aurangzeb
(d) Bahadur Shah
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (a) Akbar
- At the same time as Queen Elizabeth-I of England ruled from 1558 to 1603, Akbar was the ruler of India from 1556 to 1605.
- This is significant because the East India Company was founded in 1600 when Elizabeth was the queen of England.
|
74. The medieval Indian writer who refers to the discovery of America is :
(a) Malik Muhammad Jaisi
(b) Amir Khusrau
(c) Raskhan
(d) Abul Fazl
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (d) Abul Fazl
- Abul Fazl was an author from long ago who mentioned the finding of America.
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75. First Englishman who visited Akbar’s court was –
(a) Ralph Fitch
(b) Sir Thomas Roe
(c) John Hawkins
(d) Peter Mundi
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (a) Ralph Fitch
- Ralph Fitch was an English merchant who lived in the 1500s.
- He was the first person from England to visit Agra and Fatehpur Sikri.
- He went on a journey around India and wrote about the trading places and towns he visited.
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76. Arrange the following events of Akbar’s regime in their chronological order :
1. Abolition of Jizya
2. Construction of Ibadat Khana
3. Singing of Mahzar
4. Foundation of Din-i-Ilahi
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4
(b) 2, 3, 4, 1
(c) 1, 3, 2, 4
(d) 3, 4, 1, 2
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006, U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2003]
Ans. (a) 1, 2, 3, 4
- In 1564, Akbar got rid of Jizya and in 1575 he built the Ibadat Khana to help with philosophical and theological conversations.
- In 1579, Shaikh Mubarak (the father of Abul Fazl) announced the Mahzarnama.
- In 1582, Akbar created Din-i-Illahi to promote religious
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77. Akbar merged Bengal and Bihar in his empire :
(a) 1590 A.D.
(b) 1575 A.D.
(c) 1576 A.D.
(d) 1572 A.D.
[48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c)
- After his father died in 1572, Daud Khan took over and declared himself an independent ruler.
- Akbar then sent Munim Khan to take over Bihar, which he did in a battle against Daud Khan in 1574.
- Daud ran away to Bengal, but was defeated by Todarmal, Muzaffar Khan and Hussain Quli Khan in March 1576.
- This allowed Akbar to add both Bihar and Bengal to his empire.
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