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Nervous System Notes with PDF

By October 4, 2025 Educational Resources 0 Comments

These notes are your ultimate revision weapon to revise Nervous System. We’ve distilled years of previous exam questions (PYQs) into one powerful, concise resource. Everything you need to know, nothing you don’t.

  • PYQs, Decoded: All key concepts from past exams, organized and simplified.
  • Revise in Record Time: Short, precise, and designed for last-minute review.
  • Focus on What Matters: Master high-probability topics and boost your confidence.
  • Free PDF to download.

The Nervous System – An Overview

Divisions of the Nervous System

  • The human nervous system is divided into two main parts:
    1. Central Nervous System (CNS): Comprises the brain and spinal cord.
    2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Consists of nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body.
      • Cranial Nerves: 12 pairs of nerves that arise directly from the brain.
      • Spinal Nerves: 31 pairs of nerves that arise from the spinal cord.

The Human Brain

Major Parts and Functions

  • Cerebrum:
    • Responsible for thinking, reasoning, and intelligence.
    • It is the seat of memory and learning.
  • Cerebellum:
    • Responsible for maintaining body balance.
    • Coordinates muscle movements.
  • Medulla Oblongata:
    • Controls involuntary actions essential for survival.
    • It is the regulating centre for swallowing and vomiting.
    • Regulates vital functions like heartbeat and breathing.
  • Hypothalamus:
    • Acts as the body’s thermostat, regulating body temperature.
    • Contains centres for basic drives like hunger (satiety) and thirst.

General Functions

  • The brain is a multifunctional organ responsible for various processes, including thinking, regulating heartbeat, and balancing the body.

The Spinal Cord

Key Function

  • The spinal cord contains the governing centre for reflex actions, allowing for quick, automatic responses to stimuli.

Human Body Physiology

Sensitivity to Pain

  • The brain itself does not have pain receptors and will not feel pain if pricked by a needle.

Body Temperature Regulation

  • Human body temperature is regulated by the hypothalamus in the brain.
  • Normal human body temperature is maintained at a constant level and does not decrease in winter or increase in summer under normal health conditions.

Standard Values for Normal Body Temperature

  • Approximately 37° Celsius.
  • Approximately 98.6° Fahrenheit.
  • Approximately 310 Kelvin (Note: 367K is incorrect as it equals 93.85°C, which is not a normal body temperature).

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