The Fuel – Old Year Questions

• Petroleum products come from natural sources in the ground.
• Other types of fuel like coke and tar can be made by burning coal or wood, and coal gas can be made in a lab.

• Natural gas is a better, cleaner option for producing energy than coal or other fossil fuels.
• It causes fewer emissions and helps both the planet and people’s health in the short and long term.

• Coal, oil, and natural gas have been the primary sources of energy for the world in recent years.
• These fossil fuels were created over the course of millions of years and have been powering the global economy.
• Unfortunately, these resources are limited and cause damage to the environment.

• The heat generated when 1 gram of a certain fuel is burned is called its heating value.
• Hydrogen has the highest heating value of all fuels.
• It is used as rocket fuel and in burners to produce high temperatures.
• The heating value of hydrogen gas is 150, charcoal is 33, natural gas is between 50 and 55, and gasoline is 45.
• Hydrogen gas was first made in the early 1500s, and Henry Cavendish was the first to identify it as its own substance.

• Coal ash is what is left over after coal is burned. It has both fine particles that are sent up into the air with smoke, and coarser materials that fall to the bottom of the furnace.
• Most coal ash comes from power plants and contains dangerous metals like arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, and selenium.
• If ingested, these metals can cause cancer and other health issues. Indian coal tends to have more ash than imported coal, and the ash content usually ranges from 25-45%.

• Copper smelting plants take the copper out of copper ore or concentrates in several steps.
• They produce air pollution like sulfur dioxide and PM, and the waste is usually a material called slag, which contains dangerous metals like arsenic, lead, cadmium, and nickel.
• This means the slag can release these metals into the environment. Statements 2 and 3 are true. Statement 1 is false, because the plants do not make enough of the gas carbon monoxide to be dangerous.

• Burning coal is the main cause of indoor chemical pollution.
• Burning coal releases a lot of dangerous chemicals into the air.

• Coke is used in the blast furnace to make iron or steel.
• It works as a fuel to provide heat, and it also helps reduce the iron ore by giving off carbon monoxide.

• Furnace oil is a type of fuel made up of leftover parts of crude oil.
• It is used in various types of combustion machines for generating power.
• It is used mainly in power plants, on ships, and in factories.
• The sulphur in the furnace oil creates oxides and particles that are released into the air.
• All three statements are true.

• The octane number of a fuel (petrol) tells us how well it can be used in a spark ignition, or internal combustion engine and how it compares with the antiknock quality of ISO-octane.
• The higher the octane number of a fuel, the better its anti-knocking capacity.

• The octane number of a fuel (petrol) tells us how good it is at preventing knocking in a spark ignition, internal combustion engine, compared to ISO-octane.
• The higher the octane number, the better the fuel is at not knocking.

• The octane number measures how well petrol burns and the cetane number is used to measure the quality of diesel.
• Diesel is ignited through compression, so the higher the cetane number, the better the quality of the diesel fuel.

• A diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine that does not use a carburetor like a petrol engine does. Instead, air is compressed inside the cylinder to the point where it is hot enough to cause the fuel to ignite, which produces heat and powers the engine.
• The air reaches around 80 degrees Fahrenheit during this process.

• Biogas or gobar gas, which is used for home activities, is mostly made up of methane.

• Biogas is mostly made up of methane. It is also the main part of natural gas, which is a type of fuel made from fossils.
• Methane can be used instead of natural gas for activities like cooking, heating, and creating steam.

• Biogas is a combination of gases made from decaying organic material without oxygen.
• It is mostly methane and carbon dioxide, with small amounts of hydrogen sulfide, moisture, and siloxanes.
• The biogas mixture usually includes 50-75% methane and 25-45% carbon dioxide.

• Biogas is a type of gas made up of methane and carbon dioxide, plus possibly small amounts of hydrogen sulfide, moisture, and siloxanes.
• It is produced when organic matter breaks down without oxygen. On average, biogas is made up of 50-75% methane and 25-45% carbon dioxide.

• Biogas is a combination of various gases produced when organic matter breaks down in an oxygen-free environment.
• It is mostly made up of methane and carbon dioxide, but can also have small quantities of hydrogen sulfide, moisture, and siloxanes. Generally, biogas contains 50-75% methane and 25-45% carbon dioxide.

• Cattle dung and other wastes can be used to make a type of gas called gobar gas.
• This gas has a lot of energy, which can be stored and used in a biogas plant through the process of fermentation.

• In 1941-42, S.V. Desai designed the first gas plant to produce methane from animal waste and other organic materials.
• It was built at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute in New Delhi.

• Rice fields produce gases such as nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide.
• The right answer is methane out of the choices of ethane, methane, and nitrogen.

• LPG stands for Liquefied Petroleum Gas, which is a non-renewable energy source derived from crude oil and natural gas.
• It is made up of hydrocarbons, mostly propane (C3 H8 ) and butane (C4 H10), with propane taking up around 35% and butane taking up about 65% of the mixture.
• Small amounts of other hydrocarbons, like ethane, may also be present, and an agent called ethyl mercaptan is added for smell.

• LPG stands for liquefied Petroleum Gas and it is a non-renewable energy source that is found in crude oil and natural gas. It is made up of hydrocarbons, mainly propane (C3 H8) and butane (C4 H10).
• The average mixture is 65% butane and 35% propane, though it can contain more propane in winter and more butane in summer.
• There may also be small amounts of other hydrocarbons like ethane.
• Ethyl mercaptan is added to give it a smell.

• LPG stands for liquefied Petroleum Gas. It is a non-renewable energy source that is made from crude oil and natural gas.
• It is mainly made of hydrocarbons containing three or four carbon atoms, such as propane (C3 H8) and butane (C4 H10).
• The mix of LPG usually contains 65% butane and 35% propane, but may also contain a little ethane. Ethyl mercaptan is typically added to give it a smell.

• LPG stands for liquefied Petroleum Gas.
• It is a non-renewable energy source made up of hydrocarbons, which have three or four carbon atoms.
• These usually include propane (C3 H8 ) and butane (C4 H10). Usually, the mix has 65% butane and 35% propane, although there can be a bit more of one or the other depending on the season.
• There may also be a tiny amount of ethane, plus a special smell-giving chemical called ethyl mercaptan.

• LPG stands for Liquefied Petroleum Gas, which is a non-renewable energy source that is taken from crude oil and natural gas.
• It’s usually made up of propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10) in a 65:35 ratio, although other hydrocarbons like ethane can be present as well. Ethyl mercaptan is added to give LPG a distinct smell.

• LPG is a type of fuel made up of different kinds of hydrocarbon gases, mainly propane and butane.
• It can be set on fire. Indane gas is a type of LPG.

• LPG is a combination of gases that can be burned and is used as fuel.
• It is made up of butane and propane and can’t be smelled by itself.
• To detect if it is leaking, a special odor called ethyl mercaptan is added to it.

The correctly matched lists are as follows –

• The statement in the question is incorrect, but the explanation is correct.
• LPG stands for Liquefied Petroleum Gas and is made up of propane and butane.
• Methane, which is found in biogas, can also be used as fuel.
• LPG is a non-renewable energy made of hydrocarbons with three or four carbon atoms and is taken from crude oil and natural gas.

• The gases in gas cylinders are in a gaseous form, but the gas in domestic LPG cylinders is in a liquid form, so the pressure gauge cannot measure the gas in the LPG cylinders.
• That’s why they don’t put pressure gauges on LPG cylinders.

• The gases in gas cylinders are in a gaseous form, but in domestic LPG cylinders, the gas is in liquid form, so the pressure gauge can’t measure how much gas is in the cylinder.
• That’s why pressure gauges are not included in domestic LPG cylinders.

• Compressed Natural Gas (C.N.G.) is an alternative to gasoline.
• It is made by squeezing natural gas into a small space, making it take up less than 1% of its normal size.

• CNG is created when natural gas is compressed.
• It is mostly made up of methane and other hydrocarbons. Natural gas is found deep in the ground, and usually has around 80-90% methane.

• CNG is a type of fuel made by compressing natural gas, which is mostly made up of methane.
• It is a combination of hydrocarbons that is found deep underground and is usually around 80-90% methane.

• CNG is made up of natural gas that is compressed and mostly made of methane.
• It is a combination of different hydrocarbons that can be found deep below the surface of the Earth and usually has around 80-90% methane.

• CNG is made of compressed natural gas, which is mainly methane (CH4).
• It is a combination of hydrocarbons found deep underground, with about 80-90% methane.

• Statement 1 is true, but statements 2 and 3 are not.
• LNG is a type of natural gas (mostly methane) that has been changed into a liquid form so it’s easier to store or transport.
• It is cooled to almost -162°C and the pressure is kept nearly the same as the atmosphere.
• The first LNG terminal in India was at Dahej, Gujarat.
• The major ingredients in LNG are methane (80%), ethane (7%), propane (6%), normal butane (4%) and isobutane (3%)

• Kerosene is a type of oil that comes from petroleum.
• It is made up of different hydrocarbons and does not have oxygen in it. Oxygen can be found in items like glass, dirt, and cement.

• Gasohol is a fuel made from a combination of gasoline and ethanol, which is usually made from crops.
• It has higher quality and burns more slowly, smoothly and completely.

• Gasohol is a fuel blend made from mixing gasoline and ethanol, usually from crops.
• It has better burning qualities than gasoline, meaning it burns more slowly, more evenly, and more completely.

• Fossil fuels are made up of dead plants and animals that have been buried underground and turned into coal, fuel oil, or natural gas.
• They are also called mineral fuels. Ethanol fuel mixtures are labeled with an “E” number that tells you what percentage of ethanol is in the mixture.
• For example, E85 has 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. Blends with less ethanol, such as E5 to E25, are known as gasohol.

• Tetraethyl Lead (CH3CH2)4Pb is a common ingredient added to gasoline to reduce engine knocking.
• When the lead atom is burned, it forms lead oxide (PbO) which prevents the fuel from burning too quickly and causing a loud knocking noise.
• Adding this ingredient to gasoline helps to reduce engine knocking.

• Tetraethyl lead is added to petrol to stop the petrol vapors from igniting.
• This makes it a petroleum additive.

• An antifreeze is a substance that is added to a liquid made up of mostly water to reduce the temperature at which it freezes.
• This mixture is used in cold climates to keep the liquid from freezing and in hot climates to increase the boiling point.

• Internal combustion engines take the energy stored in fuel and turn it into energy that can make things move.
• Diesel engines have been around for over 100 years and are the most useful and cost-effective engines for larger vehicles.
• Today’s diesel engines are stronger, longer-lasting, and more dependable than gasoline engines and they use fuel much more effectively too.

• Radial tires will make the car go faster and use less fuel due to less friction.
• Fuel injection also helps reduce the amount of fuel used.
• The catalytic converter and exhaust system keep the engine from getting too hot and keeps it running efficiently.
• Streamlined car designs help reduce air resistance, which also helps save fuel. Option (d) is the best answer.

• Palladium hydride absorbs hydrogen gas at extremely cold temperatures.
• This is used to power different types of alternative fuel vehicles.

• Asphalt, which is also called bitumen, is a thick, black, and very sticky liquid made from petroleum. It can be naturally occurring, or it can be made.
• It’s mainly used in road construction, where it is mixed with pieces of rock to form asphalt concrete. Asphalt can also be used to make roofing felt and to waterproof flat roofs.

• Hydrocarbon Vision 2025 is linked to keeping petroleum products and is centered around having a secure energy supply over a long period of time.
• The goal is to get energy security by producing more of our own and investing in oil from other countries.