1. Antacids are –
(a) Base
(b) Acid
(c) Salt
(d) Buffer
(e) None of these
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) Base
- Antacids are bases, which are usually made from aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium trisilicate, calcium carbonate, and so on.
- They are used as medicine to reduce extra acid in the stomach or stop it from forming.
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2. Goldsmiths uses aqua regia, which is prepared by mixing–
(a) Nitric acid and Sulphuric acid
(b) Nitric acid and Hydrochloric acid
(c) Sulphuric acid and Hydrochloric acid
(d) Citric acid and Benzoic acid
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (b) Nitric acid and Hydrochloric acid
- Aqua regia is a very strong acid made up of three parts hydrochloric acid and one part nitric acid.
- It is called aqua regia because it has the special ability to dissolve the precious metals gold, platinum, and palladium.
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3. pH value shows the Numeric value of –
(a) Quality of chemical used for developing photographic negatives
(b) Analysing the acidic or basic nature of a solution
(c) Analysing the intensity of an earthquake
(d) Analysing to check the purity of milk
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (b) Analysing the acidic or basic nature of a solution
- The pH scale tells us how acidic or basic a solution is.
- If the pH is lower than 7, the solution is acidic and if the pH is higher than 7, the solution is basic (also known as alkaline).
- Pure water has a pH of 7.
- The pH scale runs from 0 to 14 and is based on the logarithm of the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution (measured in moles per litre).
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4. The pH of a solution changes from 3 to 6. The H +ion concentration will :
(a) increase 3 times
(b) decrease 3 times
(c) decrease 10 times
(d) decrease 1000 times
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (d) decrease 1000 times
- The pH scale measures how acidic or basic (alkaline) a solution is.
- It tells us how much hydrogen ions (H+) are in the solution.
- A change of 1 on the pH scale means the concentration of H+ ions is decreased by 10 times. So, if the pH of a solution changes from 3 to 6, the H+ concentration will drop 1000 times and the solution will become less acidic.
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5. Which of the following has a pH value of 7?
(a) Pure Water
(b) Neutral solution
(c) Basic solution
(d) Acidic solution
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[64th B.P.S.C (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
- Pure water and water that is neither acidic nor basic (neutral) have a pH value of 7.
- Water with a pH lower than 7 is acidic and water with a pH higher than 7 is basic.
- Pure water has a neutral pH.
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6. A solution turns red litmus blue. The pH of the solution is :
(a) 7
(b) 1
(c) 5
(d) 6.5
(e) None of the above
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (e) None of the above
- If you put a red litmus paper in a base or alkaline solution, the paper will turn blue.
- When a blue litmus paper is put in an acid, it will turn red.
- This means that solutions with a pH value less than 7 are acidic and those with a pH value greater than 7 are alkaline.
- Therefore, the red litmus paper turning blue shows that the solution is alkaline, meaning it has a pH value of more than 7.
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7. Which of the following may be a possible pH value of, an acidic solution?
(a) 6
(b) 7
(c) 8
(d) 9
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (a) 6
- If the pH of a solution is lower than 7, it is an acid. If the pH is around 7, the solution is neutral.
- If the pH is higher than 7, it is a base.
- In an acidic solution, there are more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions.
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8. Which acid is considered a basic chemical in Industry?
(a) H2CO3
(b) HNO3
(c) H2SO4
(d) HCL
[43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (c) H2SO4
- Sulphuric acid (H2 SO4 ) is an important chemical in the chemical industry.
- It is mainly used in petrochemical industries to refine metals, reduce corrosion of steel, refine oil, and make fertilizers.
- It is also used for cleaning in laboratories.
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9. Which of the following is present in the maximum amount of acid rain?
(a) HCl
(b) HNO3
(c) H2SO4
(d) H2CO3
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) H2SO4
- Pollution, industrial processes, and other natural activities release sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere. These substances mix with oxygen and clouds and then fall to the ground as sulfuric acid (H2 SO4 ) and nitric acid (HNO3 ).
- This is known as acid rain. Sulfuric acid (H2 SO4 ) makes up around 70-75% of the acid rain and is the main component.
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10. The component(s) of acid rain is/are :
(a) HNO3
(b) H2SO4
(c) CO2
(d) Both (a) and (b)
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2020]
Ans. (d) Both (a) and (b)
- Pollution, industrial emissions and certain natural activities release sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere.
- When these gases react with oxygen and cloud water, they form sulphuric acid (H2 SO4 ) and nitric acid (HNO3 ) which then come down to earth as acid rain.
- Most of the acid rain (70-75%) is made up of sulphuric acid (H2 SO4 ).
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11. Which acid is present in Acid Rain?
(a) Benzoic acid
(b) Acetic acid
(c) Nitric acid
(d) Oxalic acid
(d) None of the above
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (c) Nitric acid
- Pollution, industrial waste, and other natural processes release sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide, which mix with oxygen and water droplets in the air and come down to Earth as acids.
- This is called acid rain. Sulphuric acid is the main component, making up 70-75% of the acid rain.
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12. An aqueous solution of copper sulphate is acidic in nature because the salt undergoes –
(a) dialysis
(b) electrolysis
(c) hydrolysis
(d) photolysis
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (c) hydrolysis
- When copper sulphate is mixed with water, the result is an acid called H2 SO4 and a weak base called Cu(OH)2. This reaction of combining with water is known as hydrolysis.
- Because of this, the mixture is acidic.
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13. Which is not a Lewis acid?
(a) AlCl3
(b) BF3
(c) NH3
(d) FeCl3
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) NH3
- Lewis acids accept electrons from other molecules, while Lewis bases donate electrons to them.
- An example of a Lewis base is NH3, which has 5 electrons in total, with 3 used for bonding and one lone pair available to bond with another molecule.
- On the other hand, AlCl3, BF3 and FeCl3 are Lewis acids, meaning they accept electrons from other molecules.
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14. Assertion (A): To dilute sulphuric acid, acid is added to water and not water to acid. Reason (R): The specific heat of water is very high.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- To dilute sulphuric acid, it is added to water. The water has more heat capacity than the acid so when it is added, the cold water will absorb the heat.
- If you add the water to the acid, it will cause a lot of heat and it may boil and splash out of the container. So, adding acid to water is the best way to dilute sulphuric acid. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A) correctly.
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15. Limewater is turned milky by:
(a) CO
(b) CO2
(c) O2
(d) O3
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (b) CO2
- When carbon dioxide is mixed with calcium hydroxide (which is found in limewater), it creates a white powder called calcium carbonate.
- When carbon dioxide is put into limewater, the limewater will turn cloudy white.
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16. Sodawater obtained by passing carbon dioxide in water is :
(a) An oxidising agent
(b) Basic in nature
(c) Acidic in nature
(d) A reducing agent
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 1999]
Ans. (c) Acidic in nature
- When carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is dissolved in water, it creates an acidic environment.
- To reduce this acidity, a base like baking soda (Sodium bicarbonate) can be added.
- This happens because the CO2 reacts with the water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which remains dissolved when under pressure. The result is an acidic soda water.
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17. Which of the following acids do not contain oxygen –
(a) Nitric Acid
(b) Sulphuric Acid
(c) Hydrochloric Acid
(d) All of the above
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (c) Hydrochloric Acid
- Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) is made up of hydrogen and chlorine, but does not have oxygen in it.
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18. An unknown gas quickly dissolves in water. This the gaseous aqueous solution turns red litmus into blue. This gas produces a white flame with hydrogen chloride. This unknown gas is –
(a) Sulphur dioxide
(b) Nitric Hydroxide
(c) Ammonia
(d) Carbon monoxide
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (c) Ammonia
- The ammonia mixed with water is basic because it makes ammonium hydroxide, which turns red litmus paper blue. When ammonia reacts with hydrochloric acid, it creates a white flame.
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19. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
| List-I |
List-II |
| A. Bleaching powder |
1. Sodium bicarbonate |
| B. Baking soda |
2. Sodium carbonate |
| C. Washing powder |
3. Calcium oxychloride |
| D. Plaster of Paris |
4. Calcium sulphate hemihydrate |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 3 4 2 1
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 3 1 2 4
(d) 4 3 1 2
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (c) 3 1 2 4
The correctly matched lists are as follows :
|
| List-I |
List-II |
| Bleaching powder |
Calcium oxychloride (CaOCl2) |
| Baking soda |
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) |
| Washing powder |
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) |
| Plaster of Paris |
Calcium sulphate hemihydrate(CaSO4.òH2O) |
20. What is Neela Thotha?
(a) Copper Sulphate
(b) Calcium Sulphate
(c) Iron Sulphate
(d) Sodium Sulphate
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (a) Copper Sulphate
- Neela thotha is a mixture of copper and sulphur.
- Its formula is CuSO4.5H2O.
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21. The chemical used for destroying fungi in water tank is:
(a) Nitric acid
(b) Zinc sulphate
(c) Magnesium sulphate
(d) Copper Sulphate
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2020]
Ans. (d) Copper Sulphate
- Copper sulphate (also known as blue vitriol or neela thotha) is used to kill fungi in water tanks and as a fungicide to protect crops in fields.
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22. Blue vitriol is chemically:
(a) Sodium sulfate
(b) Nickel sulfate
(c) Copper sulfate
(d) Iron sulfate
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (c) Copper sulfate
- Copper sulphate, also known as blue vitriol or neela thotha, is used to get rid of fungi in water storage tanks. Additionally, it is used as a fungicide to safeguard crops in fields.
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23. Match the following lists by using the codes given below. Select the correct answer.
| List-1 |
List – II |
| A. Washing soda |
1. Sodium Hydroxide |
| B. Caustic soda |
2. Copper Sulphate |
| C. Neela thotha |
3. Sodium Thiosulphate |
| D. Hypo |
4. Sodium Carbonate |
Code:
A B C D
(a) 1342
(b) 4123
(c) 4231
(d) 3214
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) 4123
| List-1 |
List – II |
| Washing soda |
Sodium Carbonate |
| Caustic soda |
Sodium Hydroxide |
| Нуро Sodium |
Thiosulphate |
| Neela thotha |
Copper Sulphate |
24. Match the following lists by using the codes given below. Select the correct answer.
| List-I |
List – II |
| A. Neela thotha |
1. Sodium bicarbonate |
| B. Epsom salt |
2. Sodium Hydroxide |
| C. Baking soda |
3. Magnesium Sulphate |
| D. Caustic soda |
4. Copper Sulphate |
Code:
A B C D
(a) 3421
(b) 4321
(c) 3412
(d) 4312
[I.A.S.. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (d) 4312
| Neela thotha |
Copper Sulphate |
| Epsom salt |
Magnesium Sulphate |
| Baking soda |
Sodium Bicarbonate |
| Caustic soda |
Sodium Hydroxide |
25. Baking soda is –
(a) Sodium Chloride
(b) Sodium Bicarbonate
(c) Sodium Sulphate
(d) Sodium Hydroxide
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (b) Sodium Bicarbonate
- Sodium bicarbonate is the same thing as Baking Soda.
- Its chemical formula is NaHCO3.
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26. Baking Soda is –
(a) Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate
(b) Sodium Dihydrogen Carbonate
(c) Disodium Hydrogen Carbonate
(d) Sodium Carbonate
(e) None of these
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate
- Sodium bicarbonate is another name for Baking Soda.
- Its chemical formula is NaHCO.
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27. The chemical formula of baking soda is :
(a) Ca(OH)
(b) NaHCO
(c) CaCO
(d) NaCO
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) NaHCO
- Sodium bicarbonate is another name for Baking Soda.
- Its chemical formula is NaHCO.
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28. Baking soda is –
(a) Na, CO,
(c) NaHCO
(b) NaHCO, 6H_O
(d) NaCO, 10H0
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (c) NaHCO
- Sodium bicarbonate is another name for Baking Soda.
- Its chemical formula is NaHCO.
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29. The chemical formula of washing soda is :
(a) NaOH
(b) NaCO
(c) NaHCO3
(d) Ca(OH)2
[43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (b) NaCO
- Washing soda is another name for sodium carbonate.
- This is used as a cleaning product. Its scientific formula is Na2CO3.
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30. Consider the following statements-
(1) Anhydrous Sodium carbonate is commonly known as baking sodium (baking soda).
(2) Baking soda is used as a fire extinguisher.
(3) Bleaching powders are produced in the Hasnclaver plant.
Which of these statements is right :
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2 and 3
(c) only 3
(d) 1 and 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (b) 2 and 3
- Baking soda (NaHCO3) is used in baking and washing soda (Na2 CO3) is used in detergents.
- Bleaching powder is made in two plants: Hasenclaver and Bachmann.
- Baking soda is also used in firefighting equipment. So, statements two and three are accurate.
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31. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists :
List – I List – II
A. Artificial fruits ripening 1. Carbon dioxide
B. Baking Soda 2. Sodium silicate
C. Soft Drink 3. Ethylene
D. Quartz 4. Sodium bicarbonate
Code :
A B C D
(a) 3 4 2 1
(b) 3 4 1 2
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 2 1 4 3
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (b) 3 4 1 2
- Ethylene helps make fruits ripe faster, carbon dioxide is used to make soft drinks, baking soda is just another name for sodium bicarbonate, and quartz can be used to make sodium silicate.
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32. Quartz crystals used in clocks are :
(a) Sodium silicate
(b) Silicon dioxide
(c) Germanium oxide
(d) Titanium dioxide
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (b) Silicon dioxide
- The quartz crystals used in clocks are made of silicon and oxygen atoms that are arranged in SiO4 structures (silicon-oxygen tetrahedra).
- Each oxygen atom is shared by two tetrahedra, making the overall formula of the crystals Silicon Dioxide (SiO2).
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33. Which one of the following salt predominant in the ocean?
(a) Calcium Carbonate
(b) Sodium Chloride
(c) Potassium Chloride
(d) Magnesium Sulphate
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (b) Sodium Chloride
- Sodium chloride, more commonly known as table salt, is found in the ocean and salt lakes.
- It is the main type of salt present in saltwater and is made by evaporating seawater.
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34. Table salt (NaCl) is a product of –
(a) Weak acid and weak base
(b) Strong acid and strong base
(c) Weak acid and strong base
(d) Strong acid and weak basic
[53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (b) Strong acid and strong base
- When a strong base and strong acid mix, the resulting substances are called neutral salts.
- An example of this is regular table salt, which is also known as sodium chloride (NaCl).
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35. Which one of the following salts should not be used as dining table salt?
(a) Iodized salt
(b) Sea salt
(c) Rock salt
(d) Processed common salt
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (*)
- All four types of salt can be used as regular table salt.
- They all contain a high percentage of sodium chloride, so eating too much of any of them can be bad for your health. Sea salt and rock salt are often advertised as being healthier or tastier than table salt, but they’re usually more expensive.
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36. Iodized salt contains :
(a) Free iodine
(b) Calcium iodide
(c) Magnesium iodide
(d) Potassium iodide
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) Potassium iodide
- Potassium iodide (KI) is like table salt in structure and physical characteristics.
- It is often used to create iodized salt. Along with KI, sodium iodide and sodium iodate are also used to make iodized salt.
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37. Which one of the following statements is not correct?
(a) The presence of NaCl increases the rate of setting of Plaster of Paris
(b) Gypsum is added to the cement to slow down its rate of setting
(c) All alkaline earth metals form hydrated salts
(d) Barium and Strontium are found free in nature
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (d) Barium and Strontium are found free in nature
- Barium and Strontium are not found in nature on their own.
- They are both part of Group 2 of the periodic table, and these metals in this group are very reactive.
- When they come into contact with the atmosphere, they combine with other elements to form compounds.
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38. What is untrue about bleaching powder?
(a) It is more soluble in water
(b) It is the powder of light yellow colour
(c) It is an oxidant
(d) It releases chlorine after reaction with dilute acid
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) It is more soluble in water
- Calcium Hypochlorite or Calcium Oxychloride is an inorganic compound which is also known as bleaching powder.
- It is a white powder but it can look yellow.
- It is an oxidizing agent and will produce chlorine when mixed with diluted acid.
- Bleaching powder is used to treat water and can act as a bleaching agent.
- It does not dissolve very much in water
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39. Which chemical compound is present in Bleaching Powder?
(a) Calcium Hydroxide
(b) Calcium Oxychloride
(c) Calcium Carbonate
(d) Ammonium Chloride
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl.) (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (b) Calcium Oxychloride
- Calcium Hypochlorite or Calcium Oxychloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OCl)Cl. It is a white solid, but usually looks yellow.
- It is used to treat water and as a bleaching agent, although it doesn’t dissolve easily in water.
- It can also release chlorine when combined with a diluted acid.
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40. When eno salt is poured into the water, bubbles form, which is due to –
(a) O2 gas
(b) CO2 gas
(c) CO gas
(d) H2 gas
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) CO2 gas
- When salt is mixed with water, carbon dioxide is made which creates bubbles.
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41. To develop photographic plates –
(a) Sodium thiosulphate is used as an oxidizing agent.
(b) Free bromine releases.
(c) Light affected area quickly oxidizes.
(d) The solution is kept developing until all the bromide is not dissolved.
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) Sodium thiosulphate is used as an oxidizing agent
- Sodium thiosulphate is used in photography to make the negatives permanent.
- It does this by breaking down the silver bromide that is on the negative plate or film and turning it into a liquid that can be washed away.
- It also acts as an oxidizing agent.
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42. Which one of the following substances is used in photography and also as an antichlor?
(a) Chrome red
(b) Sodium thiosulphate
(c) Hydrogen peroxide
(d) Calomel
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (b) Sodium thiosulphate
- Sodium thiosulphate (Hypo) is a clear crystal.
- It is used in photography and to break down any extra chlorine left over from chlorine-based bleaching.
|
43. The chemical used as a ‘fixer’ in photography is –
(a) Sodium sulphate
(b) Sodium thiosulphate
(c) Ammonium persulphate
(d) Borax
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (b) Sodium thiosulphate
- Sodium thiosulphate (Hypo) is used in photography to make photos permanent and to get Gold and Silver out of the ground.
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44. The chemical used as a fixer in the photography is –
(a) Sodium thiosulphate
(b) Borax
(c) Sodium tetrathionate
(d) Ammonium molybdate
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (a) Sodium thiosulphate
- Sodium thiosulphate, also known as Hypo, is used in photography to make prints of photos permanent.
- It is also used to extract Gold and Silver.
|
45. The hypo solution used in photography is an aqueous solution of –
(a) Sodium thiosulphate
(b) Sodium tetrathionate
(c) Sodium sulphate
(d) Ammonium per sulphate
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) Sodium thiosulphate
- Sodium thiosulphate (Hypo) is used in photography to make pictures permanent, and it is also used to get Gold and Silver out of rocks.
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46. The useful element in photography is –
(a) Silver Nitrate
(b) Silver Bromide
(c) Sulphuric Acid
(d) Citric Acid
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (b) Silver Bromide
- The photographic plate is soaked in a solution of silver bromide until all the silver bromide has been dissolved.
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47. Which one of the following is coated on the photographic plate?
(a) Silver oxide
(b) Silver bromide
(c) Silver chloride
(d) Silver iodide
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (b) Silver bromide
- High-resolution photographs are made with a thin coating of very tiny crystals of silver bromide in gelatin on the plates.
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48. Which one of the following substances is used in glazing the pottery?
(a) Alum
(b) Calomel
(c) Zinc chloride
(d) Zinc oxide
[U.P.P.C.S (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (d) Zinc oxide
- Zinc oxide is used to coat pottery.
- Other oxides used to coat pottery are silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, barium oxide, and sodium oxide.
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49. Which of the following imparts a deep blue colour to glass?
(a) Cobalt oxide
(b) Cupric oxide
(c) Ferric oxide
(d) Nickel oxide
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (a) Cobalt oxide
- Colored glass can be made by adding certain elements.
- Cobalt oxide makes the glass deep blue, while cupric oxide and nickel oxide make it black, and ferric oxide makes it bluish-green.
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50. With reference to ionic compounds, consider the following statements :
1. Ionic compounds are insoluble in alcohol.
2. Ionic compounds in the solid state are a good conductor of electricity.
Which of these statements is/are correct?
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (a) Only 1
- Ionic compounds are combinations of positive and negative ions, making them very stable.
- Alcohol has a low dielectric constant, so it cannot break the bonds between the ions of ionic compounds, making them insoluble.
- Examples of ionic compounds include NaCl and KCl. Additionally, ionic compounds in their solid form do not conduct electricity well.
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