1. Assertion (A): Aurangzeb succeeded Shah Jahan to the Mughal throne.
Reason (R): The law of primogeniture was followed.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
- Aurangzeb did not get the Mughal throne because he was the first-born son of Shah Jahan like the rule of primogeniture states.
- He instead took the throne by using force and strength.
- Dara was the oldest child of Shah Jahan, but Aurangzeb was the third.
- So, statement (A) is true, but statement (R) is false.
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2. Which of the following Mughal emperors was coronated twice?
(a) Akbar
(b) Jahangir
(c) Shah Jahan
(d) Aurangzeb
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (d) Aurangzeb
- Aurangzeb, the Mughal emperor, was crowned two times.
- His first coronation took place on July 31st, 1658 in Delhi and the second was on June 15th, 1659 after winning the Devrai battle.
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3. The battle of Dharmat was fought between :
(a) Muhammad Ghori and Jai Chand
(b) Babur and Afghans
(c) Aurangzeb and Dara Shukoh
(d) Ahmad Shah Durrani and the Marathas
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) Aurangzeb and Dara Shukoh
- Aurangzeb and Dara Shukoh fought at Dharmat (Madhya Pradesh) for their father Shah Jahan’s throne.
- Raja Jaswant Singh backed Dara Shukoh and Prince Murad supported Aurangzeb.
- On April 15th, 1658, Aurangzeb was successful in winning the battle.
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4. Aurangzeb defeated Jaswant Singh, the King of Jodhpur in the battle of Dharmat in 1658. Dharma situated in which state?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Gujarat
(d) Uttar Pradesh
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (b) Madhya Pradesh
- Aurangzeb and Dara Shukoh fought a battle in Dharmat (Madhya Pradesh) over who would become the ruler of their father Shah Jahan’s throne.
- Raja Jaswant Singh was on Dara Shukoh’s side and Prince Murad was on Aurangzeb’s.
- On April 15th April 1658, Aurangzeb became victorious.
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5. Where was Darashikoh buried?
(a) Delhi
(b) Agra
(c) Aurangabad
(d) Lahore
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (a) Delhi
- In 1659, Dara Shukoh was killed and his head was taken to Shahjahan in Agra and buried near the Taj Mahal.
- His body was buried at Humayun’s tomb in Delhi.
- A grave was made for him at the same place.
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6. Mughal Prince who took refuge in Srinagar Garhwal –
(a) Murad
(b) Aurangzeb
(c) Dara Shukoh
(d) Sulaiman Shukoh
[Uttarakhand P.C.S.(Pre) 2004]
Ans. (d) Sulaiman Shukoh
- Prince Sulaiman Shukoh, the son of Dara Shukoh, was defeated in a war by Aurangzeb and ran away to Srinagar, ruled by Prithvi Singh.
- Unfortunately, Medini Singh, the new ruler, gave him to Aurangzeb and he was put in the Gwalior Fort and killed with too much opium.
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7. Which son of Aurangzeb revolted against his father, weakening his father’s position against the Rajputs?
(a) Azam
(b) Akbar
(c) Muazzam
(d) Kam Baksh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (b) Akbar
- In 1681, Muhammad Akbar, the disobedient son, rose up against his father Aurangzeb, making it harder for Aurangzeb to fight against the Rajput.
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8. With which Mughal General did Shivaji sign the Treaty of Purandar in 1665?
(a) Diler Khan
(b) Jai Singh
(c) Jaswant Singh
(d) Shaista Khan
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A (Spl) (Pre) 2010, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A (Spl) (Mains) 2010, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (b) Jai Singh
- Aurangazeb asked Raja Jai Singh of Amber to fight Shivaji.
- Jai Singh was successful in putting the Purandar Fort, where Shivaji kept his family and possessions, under siege.
- Shivaji then talked to Jai Singh and the Treaty of Purandar was agreed to in 1665.
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9. Which Mughal Emperor was known as “Zinda Peer”?
(a) Akbar
(b) Aurangzeb
(c) Shah Jahan
(d) Jahangir
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (b) Aurangzeb
- Aurangzeb was an impressive individual.
- He stood out among the Mughals for having exceptional characteristics.
- He lived with strong moral values and abstained from sins, luxuries, and excesses.
- Some called him “Shahi Darvesh” and some Muslims viewed him as “Zinda Peer”.
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10. Which European traveller came to India during the region of Aurangzeb?
(a) William Hawkins
(b) Thomas Roe
(c) Antonia Monserrate
(d) Peter Mundy
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (C) Antonia Monserrate
- Peter Mundy, a British person, visited India when Shah Jahan was in charge.
- William Hawkins and Thomas Roe visited when Jahangir was ruling and Antonio Monserrate travelled to India while Akbar was the leader.
- None of them arrived during Aurangzeb’s rule.
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11. When did Aurangzeb get the victory over Bijapur?
(a) 1685
(b) 1686
(c) 1987
(d) 1684
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (b) 1686
- Before the war of succession, Shah Jahan ordered Aurangzeb to make a treaty with Bijapur.
- This treaty required Bijapur to pay 1.5 crores of rupees and give up Bidar, Kalyani, and Purandar, plus all the forts in the Nizam Shahi Konkan to the Mughals.
- Bijapur did not follow these conditions, so Aurangzeb appointed Diler Khan as a Mughal governor in 1676.
- Diler Khan forced Sultan Adil Shah to surrender to Aurangzeb, and Bijapur was annexed by the Mughals in 1686.
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12. Two of the following states, which Aurangzeb had conquered in Deccan, were :
(a) Ahmadnagar and Bijapur
(b) Bidar and Bijapur
(c) Bijapur and Golconda
(d) Golconda and Ahmednagar
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2004, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (c) Bijapur and Golconda
- In 1686, Aurangzeb took over Bijapur and in 1687 he conquered Golconda.
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13. Who was the ruler of Golkonda when Aurangzeb seized the fort of Golkonda in 1687?
(a) Abul Hasan Qutb Shah
(b) Sikandar Adil Shah
(c) Ali Adil Shah II (d) Shayasta Khan
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (a) Abul Hasan Qutb Shah
- In 1686, Aurangzeb took over Bijapur and a year later conquered Golkonda.
- Abul Hasan Qutb Shah was the ruler of Golkonda at that time.
- Legends say that Aurangzeb opened Golkonda’s gates with “keys of gold” in the same way Akbar opened Aligarh’s fortress.
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14. Which one of the following emperors had the highest number of Hindu Generals in the Mughal army:
(a) Humayun
(b) Akbar
(c) Nizamuddin
(d) Aurangzeb
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (d) Aurangzeb
- During Aurangzeb’s rule, the Mughal army had the most Hindu generals of any time in history.
- Around 33% of his court were Hindu commanders, mostly Marathas.
- This was higher than the 16% that served during Akbar’s rule and the 24% that served under Shah Jahan.
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15. The Mughal emperor who appointed the maximum number of Hindu officials was –
(a) Akbar
(b) Aurangzeb
(c) Humayun
(d) Shah Jahan
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998, U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (b) Aurangzeb
- During Aurangzeb’s rule, the Mughal army had the most Hindu generals out of any other ruler.
- About 33% of Aurangzeb’s court were Hindu commanders, mostly Marathas.
- This was a big change from Akbar’s reign which had 16% and Shah Jahan’s reign which had 24%.
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16. Who re-imposed Jizya?
(a) Akbar
(b) Aurangzeb
(c) Jahangir
(d) Humayun
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) Aurangzeb
- During Akbar’s rule, the Jizya tax was abolished but Aurangzeb re-imposed it on non-Muslims in 1679.
- Hindus were separated into three classes based on their income, and each group had different taxes to pay.
- Those earning less than 200 Dirhams had to pay 12 Dirhams, those earning up to 10,000 Dirhams had to pay 24 Dirhams, and those earning more than 10,000 Dirhams had to pay 48 Dirhams.
- Women, slaves, children under 14, beggars, and unemployed people were exempt from paying.
- Subordinate Hindu kings and Brahmins had to pay the tax.
- A European traveller wrote that the motive for reviving Jizya was to increase Aurangzeb’s treasure, which may only be partially true.
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17. The meaning of ‘Jihad’ carried on by Aurangzeb is –
(a) Darul-Harb
(b) Dar-ul-Islam
(c) Holy War
(d) Jizya
[43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) Dar-ul-Islam
- Aurangzeb was a Sunni Muslim who wanted to follow the rules of the Quran.
- He believed that it was important for Muslims to fight wars against non-Muslims until they converted to Islam.
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18. Who among the following was called a ‘Zindapir’?
(a) Bahadur Shah I
(b) Shah Alam II
(c) Aurangzeb
(d) Adil Shah
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (c) Aurangzeb
- Aurangzeb was the third child of Shah Jahan, the ruler of India from 1658 to 1707.
- People nicknamed him ‘Zinda Pir’.
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19. Creator of “Bibi Ka Maqbara/ Tomb of Bibi” was –
(a) Humayun
(b) Shah Jahan
(c) Akbar II
(d) Aurangzeb
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (d) Aurangzeb
- Aurangzeb built Bibi Ka Maqbara, a stunning architectural masterpiece with intricate designs, carvings, grand structures, and a stunning Mughal-style garden.
- It is also known as the ‘Tomb of Bibi’ and ‘The Mini Taj’ or the ‘Second Taj Mahal’.
- It is also known as the Tomb of Rabia-ud-Daurani.
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20. Which one of the following tombs is called the ‘Second Taj Mahal:
(a) Tomb of Anarkali
(b) Tomb of Itmad-ud-Daula
(c) Tomb of Rabia-ud-Daurani
(d) None of these
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (c) Tomb of Rabia-ud-Daurani
- Aurangzeb built the “Bibi Ka Maqbara” which is an amazing structure with detailed designs, carvings, tall structures and a lovely Mughal-style garden.
- It is called the ‘Tomb of Bibi” and is also known as the ‘Mini Taj’ or the ‘Second Taj Mahal.’
- It is also called the Tomb of Rabia-ud Daurani.
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21. Who among the following was the daughter of Emperor Aurangzeb?
(a) Jahan Ara
(b) Roshan Ara
(c) Gauhar Ara
(d) Mehrunnisa
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]
Ans. (d) Mehrunnisa
- Mehrunnisa was Aurangzeb’s daughter and Jahan Ara, Roshan Ara, and Gauhar Ara were Shah Jahan’s daughters.
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22. To whom did Aurangzeb bestow the title of ‘Sahibat-uz-Zamani’?
(a) Shaista Khan
(b) Amin Khan
(c) Jahan Ara
(d) Roshan Ara
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (c) Jahan Ara
- Aurangzeb, the sixth Mughal emperor and the successor of Emperor Shah Jahan, gave the title of “Sahibat-uz-Zamani” to Jahan Ara.
- She was the eldest daughter of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal and the elder sister of Aurangzeb.
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23. Saint Ramdas is associated with the period of rule of :
(a) Akbar
(b) Jahangir
(c) Shah Jahan
(d) Aurangzeb
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (d) Aurangzeb
- Samarth Ramdas was an incredible saint from Maharastra.
- He was born in 1608 and passed away in 1681.
- He lived at the same time as Mughal king Aurangzeb.
- Guru Ramdas, the fourth Sikh guru, lived at the same time as a contemporary of Akbar.
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24. Moti Masjid in the Red Fort at Delhi was built by :
(a) Akbar
(b) Jahangir
(c) Shah Jahan
(d) Aurangzeb
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (d) Aurangzeb
- Aurangzeb built the Moti Masjid inside the Red Fort in Delhi.
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