1. Which of the following foods will provide the nutrients for the growth of new tissues in the human body?
(a) Fruit
(b) Vegetables
(c) Cheese
(d) Sweets
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) Cheese
- Proteins are very important for the human body, especially for our growth and helping us heal.
- We can get proteins from things like beans, peanuts, dairy products, eggs, and grains.
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2. Consider the following statements about probiotic food:
1. Probiotic food contains live bacteria which are considered beneficial to humans.
2. Probiotic food helps in maintaining gut flora.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither nor 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Both 1 and 2
- Our intestines are full of 500 million bacteria, some are good and some are bad.
- Scientists believe that if we have more good bacteria in our gut, our immune system will be stronger.
- Probiotics are often called “good bacteria”.
- They help us take in important vitamins and minerals, such as calcium, iron, chromium, and vitamins A, D, E, and K.
- Adding probiotic foods to our diet can improve our gut flora, and make our intestines and overall health better.
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3. Nutraceuticals are products which have-
(a) Nutrients vitamins and minerals
(b) Nutrients protein and fatty acids
(c) Nutrient and toxic effect
(d) Nutrient and medicinal effect
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (d) Nutrient and medicinal effect
- Nutraceuticals are types of food or food supplements that provide health benefits in addition to nutrition.
- These benefits might include helping to stop or avoid diseases.
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4. Funk invented –
(a) Vitamins
(b) Hormones
(c) Proteins
(d) Enzymes
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2012]
Ans. (a) Vitamins
- Kazimierz (Casimir) Funk is usually given credit for coming up with the idea of vitamins, which he called “vital amines” or “vitamins”.
- Umetaro Suzuki was able to get a mixture of micronutrients from rice bran in 1910 and called it “aberic acid”.
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5. What are vitamins?
(a) Organic Compound
(b) Inorganic compound
(c) Living organism
(d) None of these
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (a) Organic Compound
- Vitamins are important substances that your body needs in small amounts.
- They are made up of organic chemicals and need to be eaten in food as your body can’t make enough of them.
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6. Which one of the following groups of compounds is called an ‘accessory dietary factor’?
(a) Fats
(b) Hormones
(c) Proteins
(d) Vitamins
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (d) Vitamins
- Frederick Gowland Hopkins was the first person to explain the concept that food has small amounts of elements that are needed for nourishment.
- Eventually, these elements became known as vitamins.
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7. Given below are two statements, one labeled as
Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Most of the vitamins are not synthesized in the human body.
Reason (R): Human organs synthesize only essential micronutrients.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Codes :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
- Most vitamins need to be eaten in food since the human body can’t make them.
- Vitamin K and B7 (Biotin) come from microorganisms in the gut and one type of vitamin D is made when skin is exposed to certain sunlight.
- Humans can produce some vitamins from other things they eat like beta carotene becomes Vitamin A and tryptophan becomes Vitamin B3 (Niacin).
- Around 30 vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids are needed for the body to work properly and can’t be made in the body.
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8. Given below are two statements, one is labeled as
Assertion (A) and other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): The human body synthesizes all the Vitamins required by it.
Reason (R): Vitamins are essential for proper growth of the body.
Choose the correct answer from the code given below.
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2016, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
- We cannot make vitamins in our own bodies, so it is important to get them from our food.
- Not enough vitamins can cause health problems, so it is important to have them in our diet.
- A is not true, but R is true.
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9. Which of the following facts is NOT correct about vitamins?
(a) Some vitamins can be synthesized by intestinal microorganisms.
(b) Some vitamins act as hormones.
(c) Some vitamins are stored in the body.
(d) Vitamin ‘K’ is a water-soluble vitamin.
[U.P. B.E.O. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (d) Vitamin ‘K’ is a water-soluble vitamin.
- Vitamins A, D, E, and K dissolve in fat while the B vitamins and Vitamin C dissolve in water.
- Therefore, option (d) is incorrect and the other options are correct about vitamins.
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10. Which of the following vitamins are fat soluble?
(a) C and E
(b) A and C
(c) A and D
(d) B12 and D
[R.A.S./ R.T.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (c) A and D
- Vitamins A, D, E, and K can be dissolved in fat, while B vitamins and C dissolve in water.
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11. Some vitamins are fat soluble while others are water soluble. Which of the following are water-soluble :
(a) Vitamin A, B and D
(b) Vitamin A, D, E and K
(c) Vitamin A, B and K
(d) Vitamin B and C
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010, Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (d) Vitamin B and C
- Vitamins A, D, E, and K are absorbed by the body with the help of fat, while B group vitamins and vitamin C dissolve in water.
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12. Living organisms require at least 27 elements, of which, 15 are metals. Among these, those required in major
quantities include :
(a) Potassium, manganese, molybdenum and calcium
(b) Potassium, molybdenum, copper and calcium
(c) Potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium
(d) Sodium, magnesium, copper and manganese
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (c) Potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium
- Living organisms need a lot of potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, sulphur, and chlorine, among other things.
- These are known as macronutrients, while micronutrients are only needed in small amounts.
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13. Apples have special value for heart patients because they are a rich source of –
(a) Sodium and Potassium
(b) Phosphorus and Magnesium
(c) Potassium and Phosphorus
(d) Potassium only
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (d) Potassium only
- Potassium is a type of mineral that helps keep your heart beating regularly.
- Apples contain more potassium than any other nutrient and also have special chemicals that can help protect your body from harm.
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14. Regular intake of fresh fruits and vegetables is recommended in the diet since they are a good source of antioxidants. How do antioxidants help a person maintain health and promote longevity?
(a) They activate the enzymes necessary for vitamin synthesis in the body and help prevent vitamin deficiency.
(b) They prevent excessive oxidation of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body and help avoid unnecessary wastage of energy.
(c) They neutralize the free radicals produced in the body during metabolism.
(d) They activate certain genes in the cells of the body and help delay the aging process.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (c) They neutralize the free radicals produced in the body during metabolism.
- An antioxidant is a molecule that stops other molecules from being damaged by oxidation.
- Oxidation is a process where electrons are lost or the chemical state is changed.
- It can create free radicals which can cause damage to cells.
- Antioxidants stop these free radicals from causing harm by taking their place and ending the chain reaction.
- Fruits and vegetables are a great source of antioxidants.
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15. What is the role of anti-oxidants in the human system?
(a) They promote vitamin synthesis.
(b) They prevent excessive oxidation of carbohydrates, protein, and fat.
(c) They protect cells against the effects of free radicals.
(d) They activate certain genes which delay the aging process.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (c) They protect cells against the effects of free radicals.
- Antioxidants are molecules that stop oxidation, which is when electrons are lost or an increase in oxidation state happens.
- Oxidation can cause free radicals, which can lead to chain reactions in cells that can damage or kill them.
- Antioxidants stop these chain reactions by taking away free radicals and stopping other oxidation reactions.
- They do this by getting oxidized themselves, so they are often reducing agents like thiols, ascorbic acid, or polyphenols.
- Fruits and vegetables are a good source of antioxidants.
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16. Among the following vegetables, the maximum Vitamin C is found in :
(a) Chilli
(b) Pumpkin
(c) Pea
(d) Radish
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (a) Chilli
- Chilies have the most vitamin C out of the vegetables listed. 100 grams of chili, pumpkin, pea, and radish contain 143.7, 9, 40, and 14.8 milligrams of Vitamin C respectively.
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17. The vitamin which is found in citrus fruits is necessary for maintaining healthy skin is –
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin B
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin D
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (c) Vitamin C
- Vitamin C can be found in many citrus fruits such as lemon, orange, and Indian gooseberry (amla).
- It is a water-soluble vitamin which is necessary for healthy growth and skin.
- Ascorbic acid is another name for Vitamin C.
- If a person does not get enough Vitamin C, they can get a disease called scurvy.
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18. The main source of Vitamin ‘C’ is –
(a) Raw and fresh fruits
(b) Milk
(c) Ghee
(d) Pulses
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (a) Raw and fresh fruits
- Milk and ghee contain a lot of Vitamin A, which is added to fats and pulses to give them more protein.
- Raw and citrus fruits are a great source of Vitamin C.
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19. The best source of Vitamin C is :
(a) Apple
(b) Mango
(c) Gooseberry
(d) Milk
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (c) Gooseberry
- Indian gooseberry (amla) is the best source of vitamin C.
- Other foods like oranges, tomatoes, lemons, papayas, and peas also have vitamin C.
- Vitamin C is an important antioxidant that helps protect against cancer, heart disease, and stress and keeps the immune system healthy.
- It is also necessary for making sperm and forming collagen.
- Collagen is a protein needed for healthy skin, joints, blood vessels, and cartilage.
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20. Which of the following is the richest source of Vitamin C?
(a) Orange
(b) Apple
(c) Carrot
(d) Amla
[U.P. P.C.S.(Pre) 2018]
Ans. (d) Amla
- Indian gooseberry (amla) is a great source of vitamin C (Ascorbic acid).
- Other foods like oranges, tomatoes, lemons, papayas, and peas also have a good amount of vitamin C.
- This vitamin is important because it helps protect against cancer, heart disease, and stress, strengthens the immune system, and helps heal wounds.
- It is also necessary for sperm production and making collagen which is important for healthy skin, cartilage, joints, and blood vessels.
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21. Which of the following has the highest content of Vitamin C?
(a) Carrot
(b) Guava
(c) Mango
(d) Orange
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (d) Orange
- Amla & orange is the best source of vitamin C.
- Other fruits and veggies, like tomatoes, lemons, and papayas, also contain vitamin C.
- This vitamin is an antioxidant, that helps prevent cancer, heart disease, and stress, supports the immune system, and aids in healing wounds.
- It is necessary for sperm creation and the production of collagen, which is a protein that helps to build and maintain healthy bones, joints, skin, and blood vessels.
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22. The chemical name of Vitamin C is –
(a) Ascorbic Acid
(b) Thiamine
(c) Citric Acid
(d) Tartaric acid
[42nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (a) Ascorbic Acid
- Vitamin C chemical name is ascorbic acid.
- Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that helps prevent cancer, heart disease, and stress, keeps your immune system healthy, and helps wounds heal.
- It is also important for sperm production and keeping bones, joints, skin, and blood vessels healthy.
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23. The richest source of Vitamin ‘C’ is –
(a) Potato
(b) Sugarcane
(c) Orange
(d) Sugarbeet
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (c) Orange
- Orange is the best source of Vitamin C, but amla, tomatoes, lemons, and papayas also contain it.
- Vitamin C is an antioxidant that helps protect against cancer, heart disease, and stress, and it also helps your immune system and heals wounds.
- It’s also necessary for the creation of sperm and collagen, which is important for healthy cartilage, joints, skin, and blood vessels.
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24. Which of the following vitamins is helpful for the healing of a wound?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2006, U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (c) C
- Orange is the best source of Vitamin C, but other foods like amla, tomatoes, lemons, papaya, and peas are also good sources.
- Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant that helps protect against cancer, heart disease, and stress and keeps your immune system healthy.
- It is also important for sperm production and helps form collagen, which helps build cartilage, joints, skin, and blood vessels.
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25. Vitamin ‘C’ helps in the absorption of which of the following elements?
(a) Iron
(b) Calcium
(c) Iodine
(d) Sodium
[U.P.U.D.A/L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (a) Iron
- Vitamin C can help your body absorb iron, and Vitamin D can help you absorb calcium and magnesium.
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26. Which of the following vitamins does not get stored in the body?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin C
(c) Vitamin D
(d) Vitamin E
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (b) Vitamin C
- The body does not save up vitamin C. Vitamins A, D, E, and K can attach to fat molecules and stay in the body’s organs, tissues, or blood for a while.
- Vitamin C is water-soluble and connects to water instead.
- This means it gets flushed out of the body quickly through urine.
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27. Which of the following vitamin deficiency causes the disease of slow blood coagulation?
(a) Vitamin C
(b) Vitamin D
(c) Vitamin E
(d) Vitamin K
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (d) Vitamin K
- Vitamin K helps the blood to clot, meaning that without it, the blood would not be able to clot properly leading to uncontrolled bleeding.
- Because of this, it is known as an anti-hemorrhagic factor.
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28. Which of the following vitamins is mainly responsible for blood coagulation in human beings?
(a) Vitamin K
(b) Vitamin E
(c) Vitamin A
(d) Vitamin C
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (a) Vitamin K
- Vitamin K helps blood to clot and prevents bleeding.
- Without it, bleeding can be serious and hard to control.
- Vitamin K is also known as an anti-bleeding factor.
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29. Which one of the following vitamins is responsible for blood clotting?
(a) C
(b) K
(c) E
(d) D
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 1991]
Ans. (b) K
- Vitamin K helps our blood to clot and prevents us from bleeding too much.
- Without it, our bleeding would be out of control.
- Vitamin K is known as a substance that stops bleeding.
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30. Which of the following vitamins is effective in blood clotting?
(a) Vitamin K
(b) Vitamin A
(c) Vitamin B
(d) Vitamin C
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008, 66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (a) Vitamin K
- Vitamin K is important for blood to clot properly.
- Without it, there would be too much bleeding and it would not be able to be controlled.
- Vitamin K is also known as an anti-bleeding factor.
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31. Which of the following vitamins is used as an antidote to anticoagulant poisons?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin D
(c) Vitamin E
(d) Vitamin K
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) Vitamin K
- Vitamin K is an antidote to certain medicines that stop blood from clotting.
- It is also known as an antihemorrhagic factor.
- People who do not have enough Vitamin K cannot have operations because there is a risk of too much bleeding.
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32. Which of the following is synthesized by intestinal bacteria?
(a) Vitamin B12
(b) Vitamin C
(c) Vitamin K
(d) Vitamin A
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl.) (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (a) & (c) Vitamin B12 & Vitamin K
- Bacteria in the human intestine make both Vitamin B12 and Vitamin K.
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33. The source of vitamin D is –
(a) Lemon
(b) Sun rays
(c) Orange
(d) Cashewnut
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (b) Sun rays
- Vitamin D comes from sunlight. Our skin cells create Vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, which then enters our blood.
- We can also get Vitamin D from food sources like butter, eggs, liver, and kidney.
- Not having enough Vitamin D can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
- It can also cause osteoporosis in older adults if combined with a lack of calcium.
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34. The vitamin available from sun rays is –
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin B
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin D
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006, M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (d) Vitamin D
- Vitamin D comes from the sun.
- Our skin cells get the vitamin from the sun’s rays and put it in the blood.
- We can also get vitamin D from butter, egg yolks, liver, and kidney.
- When there isn’t enough vitamin D, children get rickets and adults get osteomalacia.
- If there isn’t enough vitamin D combined with calcium, older adults can get osteoporosis.
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35. Which one of the following vitamins is formed in the skin in the presence of sunlight?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin D
(c) Vitamin K
(d) Vitamin E
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (b) Vitamin D
- Vitamin D is produced in our skin when we are exposed to sunlight.
- We can also get vitamin D from foods such as butter, eggs, liver, and kidney.
- If we don’t get enough vitamin D, it can cause rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
- Additionally, a lack of vitamin D combined with not enough calcium can lead to osteoporosis in older adults.
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36. The Deficiency of Vitamin D causes the disease :
(a) Rickets
(b) Beriberi
(c) Osteoporosis
(d) Pellagra
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (a & c) Rickets & Osteoporosis
- Children can get rickets and adults can get osteomalacia if they don’t get enough Vitamin D.
- Lack of Vitamin D and calcium can also cause older adults to have osteoporosis
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37. Which of the following is found in the composition of vitamin D?
(a) Ascorbic acid
(b) Calciferol
(c) Folic acid
(d) Retinol
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (b) Calciferol
- Vitamin D has two forms:
- D2 (ergocalciferol)
- D3 (cholecalciferol)
- Vitamin C is called ascorbic acid and Vitamin A is called retinol.
- Folic acid is another type of Vitamin B9.
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38. Which of the following vitamins is known as ergocalciferol?
(a) Vitamin D2
(b) Vitamin D3
(c) Vitamin B12
(d) Vitamin B6
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) Vitamin D2
- There are two main forms of vitamin D:
- D2 (also called ergocalciferol)
- D3 (also known as cholecalciferol)
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39. The common name of the chemical compound ‘Cholecalciferol’ is
(a) Bone Calcium
(b) Vitamin D
(c) Vitamin B
(d) Vitamin C
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (b) Vitamin D
- There are two main forms of Vitamin D, called Vitamin D2 (also known as ergocalciferol) and Vitamin D3 (also known as cholecalciferol).
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40. Which of the following vitamins is considered a hormone?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (d) D
- Vitamin D is a fat-soluble hormone that is made up of two forms:
- D2 (ergocalciferol)
- D3 (cholecalciferol).
- Neither of these forms can be used in the body until they are modified.
- The active form of vitamin D is called 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or calcitriol.
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41. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
| Niacin |
Pellagra |
| Thiamin |
Beriberi |
| Vitamin D |
Rickets |
| Vitamin K |
Sterility |
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (d) Vitamin K Sterility
- Not having enough Vitamin K in your body can cause problems with blood clotting.
- Other pairs are matched correctly.
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42. Deficiency of which vitamin can cause night blindness?
(a) B1
(b) C
(c) A
(d) E
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010, Uttrakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006, R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2003, M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (c) A
- The retina of the eye needs Vitamin A in the form of retinol, which combines with protein opsin to create rhodopsin, which is necessary to see in low light and to be able to see colors.
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43. In the human body, vitamin A is stored in –
(a) Liver
(b) Pancreas
(c) Spleen
(d) Stomach
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (a) Liver
- Vitamin A is kept mainly in the liver in our bodies.
- It is also called retinol and if the body does not have enough of it, it can lead to night blindness.
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44. In the human body, Vitamin A is stored in
(a) Liver
(b) Skin
(c) Lung
(d) Kidney
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (a) Liver
- Vitamin A is stored mainly in the liver in the human body.
- It is called retinol and not having enough of it can cause night blindness.
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45. Which one of the following contains more vitamin A content?
(a) Cabbage
(b) Carrot
(c) Cauliflower
(d) Spinach
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (b) Carrot
- Carrots are a great source of Vitamin A.
- Spinach is a good source of iron, which helps to increase your body’s hemoglobin level, which is important for transporting oxygen.
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46. Which of the following is the richest source of vitamin A?
(a) Apple
(b) Papaya
(c) Guava
(d) Mango
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (d) Mango
- Mangos are the best fruit for getting Vitamin A, as well as having a lot of Vitamin C and E.
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47. Which one of the following is an important source of vitamin E?
(a) Palm oil
(b) Coconut oil
(c) Wheat germ oil
(d) Mustard oil
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) Wheat germ oil
- Wheat germ oil is taken from a tiny part of the wheat kernel, which is only 2.5% of its weight.
- It contains the most vitamin E, which is a type of fat-soluble vitamin that helps the body fight off damage from harmful substances.
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48. Which one of the following is not formed in our body?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Protein
(c) Enzyme
(d) Hormone
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2013, U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (a) Vitamin A
- The human body cannot make its own Vitamin A.
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49. Which of the following vitamins is essential for normal vision?
(a) Folic acid
(b) Ribof avin
(c) Niacin
(d) Retinol
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (d) Retinol
- Vitamin A is a group of fat-soluble substances that are important for certain body functions.
- These include vision, immunity, reproduction, and communication between cells.
- It helps us see in the dark and keeps organs like the heart, lungs, and kidneys healthy.
- Not having enough Vitamin A can cause “night blindness”.
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50. Assertion (A): If somebody stops taking green vegetables he will suffer from night blindness.
Reason (R): He will suffer from vitamin A deficiency.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
- Eating green vegetables is the most common way for humans to get Vitamin A.
- These vegetables contain beta-carotene, a pigment that helps the body get Vitamin A.
- If someone stops eating green vegetables, they may not get enough Vitamin A and could develop “night blindness”.
- However, Vitamin A can also be found in other foods, so not eating green vegetables does not mean they will get night blindness.
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51. Which of the following vitamins contain cobalt –
(a) Vitamin B6
(b) Vitamin B2
(c) Vitamin B1
(d) Vitamin B12
[48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2001, U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (d) Vitamin B12
- Vitamin B12, also known as Cobalamin, is a type of vitamin that dissolves in water.
- It has a chemical formula made up of cobalt, C63H88CoN14O14P, and helps the body break down proteins and fats.
- Not having enough Vitamin B12 can lead to pernicious anemia, as well as problems with the nervous system.
|
52. Which one of the following metals is present in the vitamin B12?
(a) Cobalt
(b) Iron
(c) Zinc
(d) Magnesium
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (a) Cobalt
- Cobalt metals are present in the vitamin B12.
- Vitamin B12, also known as Cobalamin, is a type of vitamin that dissolves in water.
- It includes a metal called cobalt in its chemical makeup.
- It helps enzymes process amino acids and fats, which are used to make new cells, form healthy blood, and keep the nervous system working properly.
- If there is not enough of this vitamin, it can cause anemia and issues with the nervous system.
|
53. Which of the following vitamins contains cobalt?
(a) Vitamin K
(b) Vitamin B12
(c) Vitamin B6
(d) Vitamin B2
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (b) Vitamin B12
- Vitamin B12, also known as Cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that contains cobalt.
- It helps enzymes in the body to break down proteins and fats, and it is also important for making new cells, keeping your blood healthy, and making sure your nervous system works properly.
- If you don’t have enough Vitamin B12, it can lead to problems like Pernicious Anemia and abnormal functioning of the nervous system.
|
54. Consider the statements :
Assertion (A): Vitamin B12 remains stored in the liver for about 3-5 years.
Reason (R): Vitamin B12 is water-soluble.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Codes :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
- Vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, is soluble in water and is stored in your liver for 3-5 years.
- It helps with DNA production, breaking down amino acids and fatty acids.
- It is especially important for the nervous system, as it is involved in the creation of myelin and the development of red blood cells in the bone marrow.
- It contains cobalt (Co).
|
55. Cyanocobalamin is –
(a) Vitamin C
(b) Vitamin B2
(c) Vitamin B6
(d) Vitamin B12
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (d) Vitamin B12
- Cyanocobalamin is a type of vitamin B12 created in a lab that is used to help with not having enough vitamin B12 in the body.
|
56. Thiamine is :
(a) Vitamin C
(b) Vitamin B2
(c) Vitamin B6
(d) Vitamin B1
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (d) Vitamin B1
- Thiamin (also known as Vitamin B1) is a type of vitamin that your body needs to help break down carbohydrates and proteins.
- You can find Thiamin in food like rice bran, whole wheat flour, eggs, yeast, and meat.
- A lack of thiamine can lead to beriberi, a sickness that includes nerve damage, weakness, and a weakening of the heart.
|
57. A person will suffer from beriberi, rickets, and scurvy if he is not taking adequate amounts of :
(a) Vitamins B12, A and C
(b) Vitamins B1,D and C
(c) Vitamins A, B and E
(d) Vitamins B6, A and K
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (b) Vitamins B1, D, and C
- Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) –
- Beriberi
- Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
- Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol, Cholecalciferol) –
- Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) –
|
58. Which one of the following vitamins is helpful in keeping a dream in memory for a longer duration?
(a) Vitamins A
(b) Vitamins D
(c) Vitamins B6
(d) Vitamins C
[U.P.Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013, U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl.) (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) Vitamins B6
- Eating vitamins B6, B12, or folic acid may improve the quality of a person’s dreams and their ability to remember them.
|
59. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Vitamin B1 – Oranges
(b) Vitamin D – Cod liver oil
(c) Vitamin E – Wheat germ oil
(d) Vitamin K – Alfalfa
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
- Sunlight and cod liver oil both contain a lot of vitamin D.
- Wheat germ oil is high in vitamin E, and alfalfa is a great source of vitamin K.
- Oranges are a good source of vitamin C, but not a great source of vitamin B1.
- Therefore, option (e) is likely the correct answer.
|
60. Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched?
| Vitamin |
Rich Source |
| Vitamin B6 |
Rice bran |
| Vitamin B2 |
Cod-liver oil |
| Vitamin E |
Wheat germ oil |
| Vitamin K |
Alfalfa |
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (b) Vitamin B2 – Cod-liver oil
- Cod liver oil comes from cod fish livers.
- It contains fatty acids, vitamins A and D, and Vitamin B2 (also known as riboflavin).
- You can find Vitamin B2 in eggs, vegetables, milk, meat, mushrooms, and almonds.
- Different types of vitamins are found in different foods.
|
61. Which one of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched?
(a) Vitamin A – Orange
(b) Vitamin C – Lemon
(c) Vitamin D – Cod liver oil
(d) Vitamin B6 – Rice bran
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (a) Vitamin A – Orange
- Orange has a lot of vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin C, thiamin, folate, calcium, and potassium.
- Carrots, milk, butter, egg, and cod liver oil are all good sources of vitamin A.
- The other vitamins and minerals are matched with the correct foods.
|
62. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below :
| List-I |
List-II |
| A. Vitamin K |
1. Wheat germ oil |
| B. Vitamin D |
2. Lemon |
| C. Vitamin E |
3. Cod liver oil |
| D. Vitamin C |
4. Alfa-alfa |
Code :
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
| (a) |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
| (b) |
3 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
| (c) |
2 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
| (d) |
4 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2016]
Ans. (d) 4312
- The correctly matched lists are as follows :
| Vitamin |
Source |
| Vitamin K |
Alfa-alfa |
| Vitamin D |
Cod liver oil |
| Vitamin E |
Wheat germ oil |
| Vitamin C |
Lemon |
|
63. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists :
| List- I |
List- II |
| Disease |
Cause |
| Night blindness |
Vitamin D |
| Rickets |
Vitamin C |
| Scurvy |
Vitamin B |
| Beriberi |
Vitamin A |
Code :
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
| (a) |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
| (b) |
3 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
| (c) |
4 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
| (d) |
2 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) 4123
- Night blindness is caused by to deficiency of vitamin A,
- Rickets are caused by to deficiency of vitamin D.
- Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C.
- Beri-beri is the result of a deficiency of vitamin B1.
|
64. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the Lists :
| List- I |
List- II |
| Disease |
Cause |
| Rickets |
Vitamin D |
| Beriberi |
Vitamin B1 |
| Nyctalopia |
Vitamin A |
| Scurvy |
Vitamin C |
Code :
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
| (a) |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
| (b) |
4 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
| (c) |
3 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
| (d) |
None Of The Above |
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) 1234
- Rickets are caused by a lack of vitamin D.
- Beri-beri is caused by a lack of vitamin B1.
- Night blindness is caused by a lack of vitamin A.
- Scurvy is caused by a lack of vitamin C.
|
65. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :
| List-I |
List-II |
| Vitamin C |
Night blindness |
| Folic Acid |
Beriberi |
| Vitamin A |
Anaemia |
| Vitamin B1 |
Scurvy |
Code :
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
| (a) |
4 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
| (b) |
2 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
| (c) |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
| (d) |
1 |
2 |
4 |
3 |
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (a) 4312
- The correctly matched lists are as follows :
| Vitamin |
Disease |
| Vitamin C |
Scurvy |
| Folic acid |
Anaemia |
| Vitamin A |
Night blindness |
| Vitamin B1 |
Beriberi |
|
66. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
| Vitamin A |
Night blindness |
| Vitamin B3 |
Pellagra |
| Vitamin D |
Color Blindness |
| Folic Acid |
Anaemia |
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) Vitamin D – Color Blindness
- Colorblindness is a genetic disorder that only affects certain genders.
- It is not associated with vitamin D, which can cause rickets and osteomalacia if deficient.
- Vitamin A deficiency can lead to night blindness.
- Vitamin B3, also known as niacin, can cause pellagra if not enough of it is present.
- Folic acid deficiency can cause anemia.
|
67. Consider the following pairs :
| Vitamin |
Deficiency disease |
| Vitamin C |
Scurvy |
| Vitamin D |
Rickets |
| Vitamin E |
Night blindness |
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) None
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (a) 1 and 2 only
- Scurvy is caused by not having enough Vitamin C.
- Vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets, and not having enough Vitamin A can lead to night blindness.
- This means that only options 1 and 2 are the right matches.
|
68. Riboflavin deficiency causes which of the following diseases?
(a) Pellagra
(b) Scurvy
(c) Beri Beri
(d) Cheilosis
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (d) Cheilosis
- A lack of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) can cause skin problems, too much blood in certain areas, swelling of the lips, mouth, and throat, sores at the corners of the mouth, hair loss, fertility issues, a sore throat, itchy and red eyes, and damage to the liver and nerves.
- People with riboflavin deficiencies may also be lacking other nutrients, which could be the cause of some of these symptoms.
|
69. Which one of the following vitamins and deficiency diseases is wrongly matched?
(a) Calciferol – Osteomalacia
(b) Niacin – Pellagra
(c) Cobalamin – Pernicious anemia
(d) Riboflavin – Beriberi
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (d) Riboflavin – Beriberi
- Beriberi is caused by a lack of Vitamin B1 (Thiamin).
- Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) can cause stomatitis, cheilosis, and malnutrition
|
70. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Vitamin D – Rickets
(b) Vitamin C – Bleeding gums
(c) Vitamin A – Rheumatism
(d) Vitamin B – Beriberi
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (c) Vitamin A – Rheumatism
- Not having enough Vitamin A can lead to night blindness, but it does not cause rheumatism.
- Other things are matched correctly.
|
71. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists :
| List I |
List II |
| Retinol |
Pernicious anemia |
| Tocopherol |
Mental illness |
| Cyanocobalamin |
Conjunctivitis |
| Pyridoxine |
Sterility/infertility |
Code :
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
| (a) |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
| (b) |
3 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
| (c) |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
| (d) |
3 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002, U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) 3412
| List I |
List II |
| Retinol (vitamin A) |
Conjunctivitis |
| Tocopherol (vitamin E) |
Sterility |
| Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) |
Pernicious anemia |
| Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) |
Mental illness |
|
72. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Retinol – Xerophthalmia
(b) Tocopherol – Beriberi
(c) Cyanocobalamin – Anaemia
(d) Ergocalciferol – Rickets
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Tocopherol – Beriberi
- If someone does not have enough Vitamin A, they can get Xerophthalmia.
- Pernicious anemia happens when someone doesn’t have enough Vitamin B12, and rickets in children are caused by not having enough Vitamin D.
- Beriberi is caused by not having enough Vitamin B1, not Vitamin E.
|
73. Which among the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Thiamin – Beri-beri
(b) Vitamin D – Rickets
(c) Vitamin K – Sterility
(d) Niacin – Pellagra
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Vitamin K – Sterility
- Vitamin K is another name for the chemical naphthoquinone.
- It helps to prevent bleeding and can be found in green leaves, eggs, liver, and bacteria in the intestines.
- If you don’t have enough vitamin E, you can become sterile.
- All the other pairings are correctly matched.
|
74. Which one of the following compounds is not a vitamin?
(a) Niacin
(b) Thyroxine
(c) Riboflavin
(d) Pyridoxine
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (b) Thyroxine
- Niacin, Riboflavin, and Pyridoxine are all vitamins, while Thyroxine is a hormone made by the thyroid gland in the neck.
- The thyroid gland is the biggest endocrine gland in the human body.
|
75. Bananas accepted as most calories fruit has what amount of calories per 100 gm –
(a) 416 Kcal
(b) 316 Kcal
(c) 216 Kcal
(d) 116 Kcal
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (d) 116 Kcal
- Bananas are a type of berry that belongs to the Musaceae family, with the scientific name Musa balbisiana.
- They’re high in carbohydrates, as well as fats, proteins, minerals, and vitamins.
- Every 100 grams of banana gives 89 Kcal of energy, and option (d) is closest to this.
- So option D is the right answer.
|
76. Legumes are highly nutritious because they are rich in :
(a) Fat
(b) Protein
(c) Oil
(d) Starch
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (b) Protein
- Legumes are really healthy because they are full of protein and low in fat.
- They also contain no cholesterol and are high in folate, potassium, iron and magnesium.
- As a great alternative to meat, which is higher in fat and cholesterol, legumes are a great choice for a healthy diet.
|
77. The highest protein content is found in –
(a) Pigeon pea
(b) Soyabean
(c) Horse pea
(d) Wheat
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) Soyabean
- Soyabean is a very good source of protein, with about 40% of the protein in each grain.
- It is both an oilseed and a pulse crop.
- Soyabean milk is similar to cow’s milk.
- Each grain of soyabean has 40% protein, 20-23% fat, and 30% carbohydrate
|
78. Which of the food grains is richest in protein?
(a) Gram
(b) Pea
(c) Soyabean
(d) Wheat
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008, 40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (c) Soyabean
- Soybean is the best source of protein, with about 40% protein in each grain.
- It is both an oilseed and a pulse crop and can be used to make milk that is comparable to cow’s milk.
- Each grain of soybean contains 40% protein, 20-23% fat, and 30% carbs.
|
79. The highest protein content is found in the grain of –
(a) Black gram
(b) Pigeon pea
(c) Field pea
(d) Soyabean
[U.P.R.O/A.R.O. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (d) Soyabean
- Soyabean is a very good source of protein, with about 40% protein in each grain.
- It’s a type of crop that produces oil and pulses.
- The milk made from soyabeans is similar to cow’s milk, with 40% protein, 20-23% fat, and 30% carbohydrates in each grain.
|
80. Which one of the following is the richest source of protein?
(a) Rice
(b) Groundnut
(c) Apple
(d) None of the above
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) Groundnut
- Groundnut has the most protein, rice is the best for carbohydrates, and apples have the most antioxidants.
|
81. A rich source of both protein and fat is :
(a) Coconut
(b) Groundnut
(c) Soyabean
(d) Sunflower
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (b) Groundnut
- Groundnuts are full of both proteins and fats.
- They have 25.3% protein and 48.1% fat, which is more than the amount of protein in meat, eggs, and fruits combined.
|
82. Which of the following is mostly carbohydrate?
(a) Wheat
(b) Barley
(c) Rice
(d) Maize
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (c) Rice
- Rice has the most carbohydrates out of the choices given.
|
83. Which one of the following statements is not correct regarding the amino acids, tyrosine, present in protein-rich food?
(a) It can help increase energy levels.
(b) It can help with emotional & environmental stress.
(c) It can combat depression.
(d) It can protect against free radicals responsible for aging.
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (d) It can protect against free radicals responsible for aging.
- Tyrosine is an amino acid that helps create neurotransmitters like adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine in the brain.
- When people don’t have enough tyrosine, they feel tired and unhappy.
- Tyrosine can help boost physical alertness and energy, but it can’t protect you from free radicals that cause aging.
|
84. The substance responsible for bread-making quality in wheat is –
(a) Glutein
(b) Globulin
(c) Glycin
(d) Lycine
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (a) Glutein
- Glutein is a type of protein found in wheat.
- It helps the dough to stretch and expand and gives it a chewy texture.
|
85. Daily energy required by a hard worker man is-
(a) 3000-kilo calorie
(b) 2700 kilo calorie
(c) 4000-kilo calorie
(d) 6000-kilo calorie
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2012]
Ans. (c) 4000-kilo calorie
- A man needs around 3500-4000 kilocalories of energy when doing very hard work in different conditions.
|
86. How many calories are gained by drinking a glass of water?
(a) Zero
(b) 15
(c) 25
(d) 50
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015]
Ans. (a) Zero
- Water has no fat, carbs, or proteins, so it has no calories.
|
87. An essential constituent of diet is –
(a) Starch
(b) Glucose
(c) Carbohydrate
(d) Cellulose
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (c) Carbohydrate
- Carbohydrates are an important part of our diet.
- They are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, in a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen.
|
88. The major food fuel during exercise of long duration is
(a) Fat
(b) Protein
(c) Carbohydrate
(d) None of these
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (c) Carbohydrate
- Carbohydrate is the main energy source for exercising intensely and for a long time.
|
89. Nitrogen is NOT an essential constituent of :
(a) Chlorophyll
(b) RNA
(c) DNA
(d) Carbohydrate
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (d) Carbohydrate
- Nitrogen is an important part of DNA, RNA, amino acids, and chlorophyll.
- It is not necessary for carbohydrates, which are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually in a 2:1 ratio and thus with empirical formula Cx(H2O)y.
- Some carbohydrates have nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur too.
|
90. The element that maintains a balance between acidity and alkalinity in our body is
(a) Phosphorus
(b) Sodium
(c) Potassium
(d) Calcium
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (a) Phosphorus
- Phosphorus helps keep our body’s acidity and alkalinity in balance, and it comes in the form of phosphate.
|
91. Which one of the following compounds is not stored in the human body –
(a) Glycogen
(b) Amino acids
(c) Fat
(d) Tocopherol
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (b) Amino acids
- Amino acids, unlike fats and starches, are not stored in the body and must be consumed every day.
- Proteins are made up of these amino acids.
|
92. Among the following which fruit is a rich source of iron?
(a) Jambo
(b) Karonda
(c) Loquat
(d) Guava
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006, Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (b) Karonda
- Karonda fruit is very high in iron, so it is sometimes used to treat anemia.
- It also contains a decent amount of vitamin C, which helps heal wounds, making it an antiscorbutic.
|
93. Consider the following minerals :
1. Calcium
2. Iron
3. Sodium
Which of the minerals given above is/are required by the human body for the contraction of muscles?
(a) Only 1
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (d) 1, 2 and 3
- Your muscles tighten up each time you move.
- This happens when your brain sends signals to your muscles, and the muscle fibers move against each other.
- To keep your muscles functioning properly, you need to get enough protein, calories, and minerals like calcium, iron, sodium, magnesium, and potassium to make it possible for your muscles to contract.
|
94. Spinach leaves contain the highest amount of –
(a) Vitamin
(b) Iron
(c) Fat
(d) Carbohydrate
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (b) Iron
- Spinach is really good for you because it contains a lot of iron and calcium.
- The United States Department of Agriculture says that 180g of boiled spinach has 6.43mg of iron, while a 170g hamburger patty only has 4.42mg.
- This means that spinach has more iron than other veggies and meats.
|
95. Which one of the following is a rich source of iron?
(a) Carrot
(b) Pea
(c) Rice
(d) Spinach
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (d) Spinach
- Spinach is good for you because it contains a lot of iron and calcium.
- According to the United States Department of Agriculture, 180 grams of boiled spinach has more iron (6.43 mg) than a 170-gram hamburger patty (4.42 mg).
- So spinach has more iron than other vegetables and meats.
|
96. Iron content is found maximum in :
(a) Beans
(b) Eggs
(c) Green vegetables
(d) Milk
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (c) Green vegetables
- Green veggies are the best way to get iron, but other foods like liver, sunflower seeds, nuts, beef, lamb, beans, whole grains, spinach, dark chocolate, and tofu are also good sources.
- Iron is an important mineral used to carry oxygen throughout the body, and not having enough can result in anemia and other health issues.
|
97. Grains of basmati rice get elongated on being cooked because of a higher content of –
(a) Lysine
(b) Amylose
(c) Sugar
(d) Oil
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015]
Ans. (b) Amylose
- There are many types of rice, and they all have different levels of nutrition and different types of starch.
- The two main starches are called –
- Amylose is a long molecule that doesn’t become gooey when cooked.
- This means that rice with more amylose will be light and fluffy.
- Basmati rice has the most amylose and the least amylopectin, so it’s the fluffiest and least sticky.
- Medium-grain rice has more amylopectin and short-grain rice has the most amylopectin and the least amylose.
|
98. Among the following, the presence of which brings sweetness in milk?
(a) Microse
(b) Lactose
(c) Sucrose
(d) Carotene
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (b) Lactose
- Lactose is a type of sugar made up of glucose and galactose that makes milk taste sweet.
|
99. The saccharide present in milk is –
(a) Sucrose
(b) Lactose
(c) Maltose
(d) Cellobiose
[U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014]
Ans. (b) Lactose
- Three common disaccharides :
- Sucrose – Common table sugar = glucose + fructose
- Lactose – Major sugar in milk = glucose + galactose
- Maltose – Product of starch digestion = glucose + glucose
|
100. Which bacteria cause milk to spoil?
(a) Aspergillus
(b) Staphylococcus
(c) Pseudomonas
(d) Lactobacillus
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003, Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (d) Lactobacillus
- Lactobacillus is a type of bacteria found in the intestines that breaks down milk, forming lactic acid which makes milk taste sour.
- It is used to make dairy products like cheese and curd, and can also help to control cholesterol.
|
101. Which of the following converts milk into curd?
(a) Bacteria
(b) Vitamin
(c) Enzyme
(d) None of the above
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (a) Bacteria
- Lactobacillus is a type of bacteria found in the intestines that causes milk to spoil.
- It eats the lactose in milk and produces lactic acid, which makes the milk taste sour.
- Dairy products like cheese and curd are made with it, and it is also used to control cholesterol.
|
102. Cow’s milk is slightly yellow in color due to the presence of –
(a) Xanthophyll
(b) Riboflavin
(c) Vitamin B12
(d) Carotene
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008, R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 1999, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (d) Carotene
- Cow’s milk is yellow because it contains carotene, which is a type of hydrocarbon with a molecular formula of C40Hx.
- Cows eat hay, grass, green leaves, some fruits, and carrots that contain carotene.
- Some of the carotene is turned into Vitamin A and some stays the same in the milk.
- Vitamin A does not make the milk yellow, but carotene does.
|
103. Cow milk is yellowish-white in color due to the presence of –
(a) Casein
(b) Lactose
(c) Carotene together with casein
(d) Butyric acid together with lactose
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (c) Carotene together with casein
- Cow milk is yellow due to the presence of carotene.
- Buffalo milk appears whiter since it does not have the yellow pigment.
- Most of the protein in cow’s milk is casein, which is what gives it its white color.
|
104. What is the average fat content of buffalo milk?
(a) 7.2%
(b) 4.5%
(c) 9.0%
(d) 10.0%
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (a) 7.2%
- Buffalo milk has an average fat content of 7.2%, while cow milk has a fat content ranging from 3.5 to 4.0%.
- Both types of milk also contain minerals and other important nutrients.
|
105. Rennin and lactase, the enzymes required to digest milk, disappear in the human body by the age of –
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) Five
(d) Eight
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (d) Eight
- By the age of two or three, the enzymes needed to digest milk (renin and lactase) start to decrease and usually disappear completely by the time a person is between 6 and 15 years old.
- Because of this, many children cannot break down milk and milk products and become “lactose intolerant.”
- This means they cannot drink milk or eat milk products due to allergies.
|
106. Milk protein is digested by which of the following enzymes-
(a) Pepsin
(b) Trypsin
(c) Rennin
(d) Erepsin
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) Rennin
- Rennin enzymes are very important for young mammals to digest milk.
- They are made by the stomach cells and are made in a large amount when the mammal is born.
- When milk enters the stomach, it is changed into the active renin enzyme by the hydrochloric acid.
- This enzyme helps turn the milk into curds and whey so it can stay in the stomach long enough for the proteins to be digested.
|
107. Casein is milk :
(a) Bacterium
(b) Sugar
(c) Protein
(d) Fat
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Protein
- Casein is a type of protein that is found in milk.
- It is what gives milk its white color.
- Other proteins like lactoglobulin and lactalbumin are also found in milk.
|
108. The white color of milk is due to the presence of –
(a) Lactose
(b) Albumin
(c) Carotene
(d) Casein
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2012, Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) Casein
- Casein is a type of protein found in milk that has phosphate molecules attached to it.
- The white color of milk is caused by the presence of casein.
- There are also other proteins in milk such as lactoglobulin and lactalbumin.
|
109. Which of the following proteins is found in milk?
(a) Agglutinin
(b) Casein
(c) Myosin
(d) Haemoglobin
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (b) Casein
- Casein is a type of protein that is found in milk.
- It is what gives milk its white color.
- Other proteins such as lactoglobulin and lactalbumin are also found in milk.
|
110. The tissues are formed in the body by
(a) Fat
(b) Carbohydrate
(c) Protein
(d) Vitamins
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (c) Protein
- Proteins are made up of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- They are very important for life and are the main components of muscles, bones, skin, and other tissues.
- If someone doesn’t have enough protein in their body, it can prevent them from growing properly.
|
111. The slow growth of the human body is caused due to the deficiency of which of the following?
(a) Fats
(b) Vitamins
(c) Proteins
(d) None of the above
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (c) Proteins
- Proteins are organic compounds made up of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- They are very important for life and are the main ingredient in muscles, bones, skin, and other body tissues.
- If we don’t get enough protein, our body growth slows down.
|
112. Which of the following elements are present in all proteins?
1. Carbon
2. Hydrogen
3. Oxygen
4. Nitrogen
Code :
(a) 2 and 3
(b) 1, 2 and 4
(c) 1, 3 and 4
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
- Proteins are the second most common component of protoplasm, and they are made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen (plus small amounts of sulfur, iodine, iron, and other elements).
- Proteins are long chains of molecules, and their basic pieces are called amino acids.
- A simple protein has about 100 of these molecules, though some proteins are made of up to 1000 amino acids.
|
113. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :
| List-I |
List-II |
| Molecules |
Elements Present |
| Vitamin B12 |
Magnesium |
| Haemoglobin |
Cobalt |
| Chlorophyll |
Copper |
| Brass |
Iron |
Code :
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
| (a) |
2 |
4 |
1 |
3 |
| (b) |
2 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
| (c) |
4 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
| (d) |
3 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000,U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (a) 2413
- The Correctly matched list is as follows :
| Molecules |
Elements Present |
| Vitamin B12 |
Cobalt |
| Haemoglobin |
Iron |
| Chlorophyll |
Magnesium |
| Brass |
Copper |
|
114. Match List-I and List-II and find the correct answer from the codes given below :
| List-I |
List-II |
| Vitamin B1 |
Cobalamin |
| Vitamin B2 |
Calciferol |
| Vitamin B6 |
Ribofl avin |
| Vitamin B12 |
Thymine |
| |
Pyridoxine |
Code :
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
| (a) |
2 |
3 |
5 |
4 |
| (b) |
4 |
3 |
5 |
1 |
| (c) |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
| (d) |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
[U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010, U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (b) 4 3 5 1
| Vitamins |
Names |
| Vitamin A |
Retinol |
| Vitamin B1 |
Thiamin |
| Vitamin B2 |
Riboflavin |
| Vitamin B3 |
Niacin |
| Vitamin B5 |
Pantothenic acid |
| Vitamin B6 |
Pyridoxine |
| Vitamin B7 |
Biotin |
| Vitamin B9 |
Folic acid |
| Vitamin B12 |
Cobalamin |
| Vitamin C |
Ascorbic acid |
| Vitamin D |
Calciferol |
| Vitamin E |
Tocopherol |
| Vitamin K |
Naphthoquinone |
|
115. Which one is not micronutrient?
(a) Iron
(b) Zinc
(c) Sulphur
(d) Manganese
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (c) Sulphur
- Micronutrients are substances that organisms need in small amounts throughout their lives to help their bodies work properly.
- Examples of micronutrients are iron, boron, copper, chloride, manganese, nickel, zinc, and molybdenum.
- Macronutrients, on the other hand, are substances like sulphur, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus.
|
116. Which is the main vitamin found in Papaya?
(a) Vitamin ‘A’
(b) Vitamin ‘C’
(c) Vitamin ‘B’
(d) Vitamin ‘K’
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (b) Vitamin ‘C’
- Christopher Columbus referred to papaya as “The fruit of the angel”.
- It is full of vitamin C, with one medium-sized papaya (200 gm) containing 226mg, which is two to three times more than the recommended daily dose.
- It also has a lot of folate, fiber, vitamin A, magnesium, potassium, copper, and pantothenic acid.
|
117. Which one of the following is not a natural source of Vitamin A?
(a) Mango
(b) Papaya
(c) Carrot
(d) Milk
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (d) Milk
- Mangoes, papayas, and carrots are all natural sources of Vitamin A, but milk does not provide Vitamin A naturally.
- Milk contains only a tiny bit of Vitamin A.
|
118. Which one of the following does not denature a protein?
(a) Heat
(b) Infrared rays
(c) X-rays
(d) Heavy metal salts
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (b) Infrared rays
- Heat, X-rays, and certain chemical substances can break down a protein, but infrared rays do not have the same effect.
|
119. Protein requirements of young and old people are –
(a) Almost the same
(b) Higher in the young and lower in the old
(c) Higher in the old and lower in the young
(d) Very high in the young and very low in the old.
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (c) Higher in the old and lower in the young
- As people get older, different biological, environmental, and social factors can affect them more.
- This means that adults need more protein than younger people.
- Therefore, elderly people probably need more protein than younger people.
|
120. Daily intake of proteins, recommended for a moderately active woman is :
(a) 30 g
(b) 37 g
(c) 40 g
(d) 45 g
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010, I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (d) 45 g
- Our bodies need protein to help keep our muscles, bones, and other parts healthy.
- The amount of protein we need depends on our age:-
- Babies need 10 grams per day
- School-age children need 19-34 grams
- Teenage boys need up to 52 grams
- Teenage girls need 46 grams
- Adult men need 56 grams
- Adult women or moderately active women need 46 grams (65-70 grams if pregnant or breastfeeding).
|
121. How much protein a lactating mother requires in a daily diet?
(a) 30 grams
(b) 20 grams
(c) 70 grams
(d) 100 grams
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (c) 70 grams
- Our bodies require protein for our muscles, bones, and other parts.
- The following amounts of protein are suggested for different ages:
- Babies should get 10 grams
- School-age children 19-34
- Teenage boys up to 52
- Teenage girls 46
- Adult men 56
- Adult women or moderately active women 46 (pregnant or breastfeeding women should get 65-70 grams).
|
122. Which one of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Milk contains none of the B vitamins.
(b) Vitamin A (retinol) deficiency leads to dry and scaly skin.
(c) One of the symptoms of scurvy is pain in the joints.
(d) Vitamin B1(thiamine) deficiency can lead to heart failure.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (a) Milk contains none of the B vitamins.
- Milk usually has all the vitamins that belong to the B vitamin family, such as B1, B2, B6, and B12.
- Therefore, statement (a) is not accurate.
|
123. Mother’s milk provides an almost complete diet for the new-born, but it lacks the following
(a) Iron
(b) Calcium
(c) Magnesium
(d) Potassium
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) Iron
- Mother’s milk provides a nearly complete diet for a newborn, but it does not have much iron.
- Colostrum, which is produced by the mother in the first few days after birth, is full of protein and substances that give the baby immunity.
- It also helps the baby’s digestive system to develop and work properly.
- The milk contains 4.2% fat, 1.1% protein, 7.5% carbohydrates, and 0.2% minerals.
- It also has enough zinc, calcium, vitamin A, B6, B12, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus for the baby’s good health.
|
124. Which of the following are characteristics shown in a breast-fed baby when compared to a bottle-fed baby?
1. It is less obese.
2. It shows a greater capacity to resist diseases.
3. It gets more vitamins and protein.
4. Its growth in height is abnormal.
(a) 1, 2, and 3
(b) 1, 2 and 4
(c) 1, 3 and 4
(d) 2, 3 and 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) 1, 2 and 3
- Health experts believe that a mother’s milk is the best food for her baby.
- It provides protection from illnesses because it has antibodies that are passed on to the baby.
- It also has more nutrients like vitamins, proteins, taurine, and DHA.
- Breastfed babies tend to have normal growth in height.
|
125. Besides proteins and carbohydrates, other elements of nutritional value found in milk, include :
(a) calcium, potassium, and iron
(b) calcium and potassium
(c) potassium and iron
(d) calcium and iron
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (b) calcium and potassium
- Milk is a great source of nutrition, with 87% water and other essential elements like protein, vitamins A, B6, B12, Riboflavin, carbohydrates, calcium, and potassium.
- It only has a small amount of iron.
|
126. Milk is a poor source of :
(a) calcium
(b) protein
(c) vitamin C
(d) carbohydrate
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (c) vitamin C
- Milk is known as a ‘complete food’ because it contains a lot of nutrients such as protein, vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, B12, carbohydrates, calcium and potassium.
- However, it has only a tiny amount of vitamin C.
- Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.
|
127. Starch is a :
(a) Monosaccharide
(b) Disaccharide
(c) Polysaccharide
(d) None of the above
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) Polysaccharide
- Starch is a type of carbohydrate made up of many glucose molecules connected together.
- Plants make it as an energy source.
|
128. Which one of the following statements regarding starch and cellulose is not correct?
(a) Both of them are of plant origin
(b) Both of them are polymers
(c) Both of them give color with iodine
(d) Both of them are made up of glucose molecules
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (c) Both of them give color with iodine
- Starch and cellulose are almost the same, as they are both made up of the same glucose-based units.
- When an iodine solution is added to starch, it produces a blue-black color, but nothing happens when cellulose is added.
- Starch can be found in the stored food of plants, whereas cellulose is found in the cell walls of plants.
|
129. Which of the following would lead to malnutrition?
1. Overnutrition
2. Undernutrition
3. Imbalanced nutrition
Select the correct answer by using the codes given below :
Code :
(a) 2 alone
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2, and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (d) 1, 2 and 3
- Malnutrition is when you don’t eat a balanced diet, either not getting enough or too much of certain nutrients, which can cause health problems.
- This can be from not getting enough nutrients or from getting too much.
- Option (d) is the correct answer.
|
130. Consider the following statements :
(i) Fatty acids should be a part of the human diet.
(ii) A normal diet should contain 75 gm of fat.
(iii) The cells of the human body can not synthesize any fatty acids.
(iv) Deficiency diseases develop due to the absence of essential fatty acids.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(b) (i), (ii), and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii) only
(d) (iii) and (iv) only
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) (i), (ii), and (iv)
- The cells in the human body can make most types of fatty acids, but there are some that our bodies can’t make.
- We need to eat these essential fatty acids, or else we won’t get enough and diseases can develop.
- A normal diet with 2200-2400 calories should include 75 grams of fat each day.
|
131. Linseed is a rich source of –
(a) Vitamin C
(b) Omega-3 fatty acid
(c) Essential amino acids
(d) Antioxidants
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2012]
Ans. (b) Omega-3 fatty acid
- Linseed is a plant grown in cold climates.
- Its seeds, called linseed oil, contain a high amount of omega-3 fatty acid, which helps to keep fat from sticking to the walls of blood vessels.
|
132. Which among the following is the richest source of alpha-linolenic acid (18-carbon omega-3 fatty acid)?
(a) Moth bean
(b) Oats
(c) Mung bean
(d) Flax seed
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) Flax seed
- Alpha-linolenic acid is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that comes from plants.
- It can be found in oils like flaxseed, canola, soybean, and walnut.
|
133. Assertion (A): Vitamins are invigorating elements, whose small amount is required for good health.
Reason (R): Vitamins help to keep the body healthy by killing harmful bacteria.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but R is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
- Vitamins and minerals are sometimes referred to as micronutrients because our body only needs a small amount of them.
- Foods such as cereals, vegetables, milk, fruit, and meat can provide vitamins.
- White blood cells, not vitamins, help keep the body healthy by getting rid of bad bacteria.
|
134. Assertion (A): The human diet should compulsorily contain glycine, serine, and tyrosin.
Reason (R): Essential amino acids can not be synthesized in the human body.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
- We have 20 different types of amino acids in our bodies.
- 10 of these are called essential amino acids, which we can’t make ourselves.
- The other 10 are called non-essential amino acids, and these are the ones we can create inside our bodies, like glycine, serine, and tyrosine.
|
135. Which one of the following food materials contains all essential amino acids?
(a) Rice
(b) Milk
(c) Egg
(d) Soyabean
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (C) Egg
- Amino acids are the parts that makeup protein.
- Foods that have all the necessary amino acids are called complete proteins.
- Complete proteins can be found in meat, dairy, eggs, fish, and other things like quinoa and soybeans.
- Every food listed here, except for rice, has all the essential amino acids.
|
136. Which of the following eatables is the best source of all the essential amino acids?
(a) Banana
(b) Pulses
(c) Egg
(d) Fish
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (c) Egg
- Eggs are an excellent source of all the important nutrients we need because they are the most effective.
- The Biological Value (BV) is a way of measuring how much of a given nutrient the body can use.
- BV is calculated by looking at how much nitrogen is taken in compared to how much is excreted.
- If a food contains the essential amino acids in the amount our body needs, it has a high BV.
- If one or more of the essential amino acids are missing or there are too few, it has a low BV.
- This table shows the BV of some protein sources:-
| Protein Source |
Biological Value |
| Whole egg |
94 |
| Milk |
90 |
| Quinoa |
83 |
| Fish |
76 |
| Beef |
74 |
| Soybeans |
73 |
|
137. Fat present below the skin surface in our body acts as a barrier against :
(a) Loss of heat from the body
(b) Loss of essential body fluids
(c) Loss of salts from the body
(d) Entry of harmful microorganisms from the environment.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (a) Loss of heat from the body
- Fat just below the skin of our body acts as a barrier against the outside world.
- It stores energy and keeps us warm, while also protecting our body from physical harm
|
138. In which category of food is the most amount of calories per unit –
(a) Vitamins
(b) Fats
(c) Carbohydrates
(d) Proteins
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1996,U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) Fats
- Fats are the most calorie-dense food source.
- 4.0 Kcal of energy is released when 1 gram of carbohydrates or protein is metabolized, while 9.3 Kcal is released from the same amount of fat.
- Both plants and animals are sources of fat.
|
139. Which of the following gives maximum energy in metabolic processes?
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Fats
(c) Proteins
(d) Minerals
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (b) Fats
- Fat has the most energy compared to proteins and carbohydrates.
- Each gram of fat has 9.3 calories, while a gram of proteins and carbohydrates each has 4 calories.
|
140. The substance which makes up about 80 of the living material in most organisms is :
(a) Protein
(b) Fats
(c) Carbohydrates
(d) Minerals
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) Protein
- Water is the most common substance found in living things, but proteins are the most plentiful organic compounds in the body.
- Proteins help build body tissue and can be used as an energy source.
|
141. Given below are two statements, one labeled as
Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Sunflower oil is rated as a good-quality edible oil.
Reason (R): It contains high quantities of unsaturated fatty acids.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Codes :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
[U.P. B.E.O. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- The sunflower is a kind of yearly plant that has a big flower head.
- Its seeds are used to make sunflower oil, which is a healthy kind of oil to cook with as it has lots of unsaturated fats that can lower the chances of heart disease.
- Sunflower oil is mostly made of linoleic acid (a kind of polyunsaturated fat) and oleic acid (a type of monounsaturated fat).
- It is also full of vitamin E.
|
142. Assertion (A): Unsaturated fats are more reactive compared with saturated fats.
Reason (R): Unsaturated fats have only single bonds in their structure.
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are individually true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are individually true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
- A is true, but R is wrong.
- Compounds with double bonds are more unstable than those with single bonds.
- Unsaturated fats, which have double bonds in their structure, are more reactive than saturated fats.
|
143. Consumption of fish is considered to be healthy when compared to the flesh of other animals because fish contains :
(a) Polyunsaturated fatty acids
(b) Saturated fatty acids
(c) Essential vitamins
(d) More carbohydrates and proteins
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (a) Polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Eating fish is considered better for you than other kinds of meat because it has polyunsaturated fatty acids which can help lower bad cholesterol in our blood, and decrease our risk of heart disease and stroke.
|
144. A company marketing food products advertises that its items do not contain trans fats. What does this campaign signify to the customers?
1. The food products are not made out of hydrogenated oils.
2. The food products are not made out of animal fats/ oil.
3. The oils used are not likely to damage the cardiovascular health of the consumers.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (d) 1, 2 and 3
- Eating trans fat increases the amount of bad cholesterol (LDL) and decreases the amount of good cholesterol (HDL), which increases the chance of getting heart disease.
- Animal fats/oil and hydrogenated oils are both types of trans fat.
- All three of these are true.
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145. What is triglyceride?
(a) Protein
(b) Carbohydrate
(c) Fat
(d) Mineral
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[64th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (c) Fat
- Triglycerides are a type of fat composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.
- They are found in body fat and vegetable fat, and having too many triglycerides can lead to obesity and high blood pressure.
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