1. Which one of the following human organs is responsible for detoxification of alcohol ?
(a) Liver
(b) Lung
(c) Heart
(d) Kidney
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (a) Liver
- The liver is in charge of getting rid of alcohol by breaking it down into other substances through chemical reactions.
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2. A healthy human being excretes the following litres of urine in 24 hours –
(a) 1.5
(b) 3.0
(c) 6.0
(d) 9.0
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (a) 1.5
- The average adult human body releases about 1.5 liters of urine each day. About 91-96% of the urine is made up of water.
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3. The yellow colour of human urine is due to a pigment called –
(a) Cytochrome
(b) Urochrome
(c) Haemochrome
(d) Phenolichrome
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Urochrome
- The yellow colour of human urine is caused by a pigment called urochrome, which is also known as urobilin.
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4. With reference to the work of human kidney, consider
the following statements –
1. After the waste is removed in the kidney, the cleaner blood is sent back through renal artery.
2. From Bowman’s capsule, the filtered liquid passes through tiny tubes where much of the glucose is reabsorbed and sent back to the blood in the renal vein. Which of these statements is/are correct?
(a) only 1
(b) only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) only 2
- Blood that has waste products in it is carried by the renal artery to the nephrons for filtering.
- After the waste products are taken out, the cleaner blood leaves the kidney through the renal vein, which means that the first statement is incorrect and the second statement is true.
- The filtered liquid from Bowman’s capsule passes through small tubes where a lot of the glucose is taken back up and put back into the blood in the renal vein.
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5. The process by which blood is purified in human body is called
(a) Dialysis
(b) Haemolysis
(c) Osmosis
(d) Paralysis
[44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (a) Dialysis
- Dialysis is used to remove waste, extra water, and other unwanted substances from the blood.
- It is mainly used when someone’s kidneys no longer work properly.
- It acts as a substitute for the kidneys.
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6. ‘Dialysis’ is related to ?
(a) Liver
(b) Kidney
(c) Eyes
(d) Brain
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (b) Kidney
- Dialysis is used to remove waste, extra water, and other unwanted substances from the blood.
- It is mainly used when someone’s kidneys no longer work properly.
- It acts as a substitute for the kidneys.
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7. The dialyzer is used for the work of-
(a) Heart
(b) Kidney
(c) Liver
(d) Lungs
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) Kidney
- The different ways to treat kidney failure include peritoneal dialysis (PD), hemodialysis, and getting a kidney transplant.
- A dialyzer is a machine made to mimic a kidney and help control the movement of water and substances between the blood and the dialysate.
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8. Which of the following is correct ?
(a) All the blood in the body is absorbed through the kidneys.
(b) All the blood in the body passes through the kidneys.
(c) All the blood in the body is filtered through the kidneys
(d) All the blood in the body is made through the kidneys.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (c) All the blood in the body is filtered through the kidneys
- The kidneys filter the blood to get rid of any extra molecules. This is how they are known for getting rid of waste products from the body.
- They take away water-soluble waste, like urea and ammonium, and also help the body reabsorb water, sugar, and amino acids.
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9. Where is urea separated from the blood?
(a) Intestine
(b) Stomach
(c) Spleen
(d) Kidney
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (d) Kidney
- In the kidney, ultrafiltration happens at the border between the blood and the fluid that is filtered out.
- The kidneys take out urea and other toxic materials from the blood, creating a diluted fluid known as urine.
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10. The kidneys in human beings are a part of system for
(a) nutrition
(b) transportation
(c) excretion
(d) respiration
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (c) excretion
- The kidneys in humans are the main organs in the body’s excretion system.
- Their main job is to take out the waste products from the blood.
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11. The average blood flow through kidneys per minute is
(a) 1000 cc
(b) 1200 cc
(c) 200 cc
(d) 500 cc
[56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (b) 1200 cc
- The kidneys are very important organs in our body. They filter our blood and get rid of harmful substances from our body through urine.
- Our kidneys clean around 1500 litres of blood a day and produce about 1.5 litres of urine. Every minute, 1200 ml of blood flows through the kidneys and 1 ml of urine is produced.
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12. When kidneys fail to function, there is accumulation of–
(a) Fats in the body
(b) Proteins in the body
(c) Sugar in the blood
(d) Nitrogenous waste products in the blood
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (d) Nitrogenous waste products in the blood
- Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions in the body that involve breaking down food, getting rid of waste, and creating energy.
- Ammonia, urea, and uric acid are the main types of nitrogen waste. Urea is created when amino acids are changed in a process called gluconeogenesis.
- Urea is a major part of urine. If the kidneys don’t work, the nitrogen waste builds up in the blood.
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13. Which of the following is not the normal function of the human kidney?
(a) Regulation of water level in the blood
(b) Regulation of sugar level in the blood
(c) Filter out urea
(d) Secretion of several hormones
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (b) Regulation of sugar level in the blood
- The pancreas is responsible for making insulin and helping with digestion.
- It also keeps the blood sugar levels balanced. The kidneys have three other main jobs.
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14. The major chemical compound found in human kidney stones is :
(a) Urea
(b) Calcium carbonate
(c) Calcium oxalate
(d) Calcium sulphate
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (c) Calcium oxalate
- Calcium oxalate is a chemical that makes crystals with a shape like an envelope. It’s a big part of kidney stones in people. In plants, this same chemical is called raphides.
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15. The ‘stones’ formed in human kidney consist mostly of :
(a) Calcium oxalate
(b) Sodium acetate
(c) Magnesium sulphate
(d) Calcium
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (a) Calcium oxalate
- Calcium oxalate is a chemical that makes crystals with a shape like an envelope. It’s a big part of kidney stones in people. In plants, this same chemical is called raphides.
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16. What amongst the following is responsible for the formation of stone in the human kidney?
(a) Calcium acetate
(b) Calcium oxalate
(c) Sodium acetate
(d) Sodium benzoate
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015]
Ans. (b) Calcium oxalate
- Calcium oxalate is a chemical that makes crystals with a shape like an envelope. It’s a big part of kidney stones in people. In plants, this same chemical is called raphides.
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17. The element excreted through human sweat is :
(a) Sulfur
(b) Iron
(c) Magnesium
(d) Zinc
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
- The skin produces sweat to help keep the body temperature in balance. Sweat is a type of waste product that the skin gets rid of.
- Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and other minerals like zinc, copper, iron, chromium, nickel and lead are all released through sweat.
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