71. Which of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Space Application Centre – Ahmedabad
(b) National Remote Sensing Centre – Hyderabad
(c) Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre – Sriharikota
(d) Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre – Thiruvananthapuram
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A (Spl) (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (c) Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre – Sriharikota
- The ISRO Satellite Centre was set up in 1972 in Bengaluru, Karnataka.
- The other pairs are matched correctly.
|
72. Which one of the following pairs are correctly matched:
(a) Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre – Sriharikota
(b) ISRO Satellite Centre – Thumba
(c) SHAR Centre – Bangalore
(d) Space Application Centre – Ahmedabad
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 1998]
Ans. (d) Space Application Centre – Ahmedabad
- Space Application Centre is in Ahmedabad, ISRO Satellite Centre is in Bengaluru, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre is in Thiruvananthapuram, and SHAR Centre is in Sriharikota.
|
73. Consider the following pairs :
| ISRO Centres |
Location |
| A. Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) |
Trivandrum (Kerala) |
| B. UR Rao Satellite Centre (URSC) |
Bengaluru (Karnataka) |
| C. National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) |
Dehradun (Uttarakhand) |
| D. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS) |
Hyderabad (Telangana) |
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?
(a) A & B only
(b) A, B & C only
(c) B, C & D only
(d) A, B, C & D
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (a) A & B only
- So, only A and B pairs are correctly matched.
| ISRO Centres |
Location |
| Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) |
Trivandrum (Kerala) |
| UR Rao Satellite Centre (URSC) |
Bengaluru (Karnataka) |
| National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) |
Hyderabad (Telangana) |
| Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS) |
Dehradun (Uttarakhand) |
|
74. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing is situated –
(a) In Ahmedabad
(b) In Dehradun
(c) In Sriharikota
(d) None of the above.
[U.P.U.D.A/L.D.A. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (b) In Dehradun
- The IIRS is based in Dehradun, which is the state capital of Uttarakhand.
|
75. The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre at Trivandrum is mainly concerned with –
1. Research in propellants for launching rockets.
2. To launch sounding rockets to investigate problems of meteorology.
3. Design and fabrication of spacecraft.
4. Development of satellite launch.
Select the answer from the code given below :
Code :
(a) 1 and 4 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1 only
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (a) 1 and 4 only
- The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre in Trivandrum is responsible for researching fuel for rockets and building satellites.
- India’s space technology started with the Indian Space Research Organisation in 1969, and Dr. Vikram Sarabhai is credited for getting the space program going.
- He is often referred to as the “Father of the Indian Space Program”.
|
76. Thumba known as the rocket launching station is situated in –
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Bihar
(c) Jharkhand
(d) Kerala
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (d) Kerala
- In 1962, a rocket launch station called Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launch Station was set up in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
|
77. Sriharikota Island lies near :
(a) Chika lake
(b) Pulicat lake
(c) Mahanadi
(d) Godavari Mouth
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003]
Ans. (b) Pulicat lake
- Sriharikota is an island in the Andhra Pradesh state of India.
- It is best known for its satellite launching center, which is the only one in the country.
- Sriharikota separates the Pulicat Lake from the Bay of Bengal.
|
78. In which of the following States lies Sriharikota, the spaceport of India?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Kerala
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002, M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (b) Andhra Pradesh
- Sriharikota is in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and is a small island located near the coast of the Bay of Bengal.
|
79. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
| List- I |
List- II |
| (Place) |
(Function) |
| A. Kakrapar |
1. Atom bomb blast site |
| B. Pokhran |
2. Rocket launching center |
| C. Thumba |
3. Nuclear power plant |
| D. Sri Harikota |
4. Satellite launching station |
Code :
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
| (a) |
3 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
| (b) |
3 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
| (c) |
3 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
| (d) |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (c) 3214
- The correctly matched lists are as follows :
| (Place) |
(Function) |
| Kakrapar |
Nuclear power plant |
| Pokhran |
Atom bomb blast site |
| Thumba |
Rocket launching center |
| Sri Harikota |
Satellite launching station |
|
80. In February 2004 a blast occurred in India’s Space Centre at :
(a) Ahmedabad
(b) Bangalore
(c) Shriharikota
(d) Thumba
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (c) Shriharikota
- In February of 2004, an explosion happened at a factory that made solid rocket fuel at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.
|
81. Consider the following Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and choose your answer from the given code :
Assertion (A): The upper surface of the wings of an airplane is made convex and the lower surface is made concave.Reason (R): The air current at the top has less velocity and thus less pressure at the bottom than at the top.
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is false and (R) is true.
(d) (A) is true and (R) is false.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (d) (A) is true and (R) is false.
- The top of an airplane’s wings are curved outward and the bottom is curved inward.
- This helps make the air move faster on the top than on the bottom, creating low pressure on the top.
- This pressure difference helps lift the wings of the plane.
|
82. The ‘Black Box’ of an airplane is of
(a) White color
(b) Red color
(c) Black color
(d) Orange color
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009, U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (d) Orange color
- The black boxes used in an aircraft are painted bright orange so they can be easily spotted in the case of a crash.
- They contain important information that can help investigators figure out what happened in the event of an air accident.
|
83. On which date did Chandrayan enter the lunar orbit?
(a) 3 November
(b) 6 November
(c) 8 November
(d) None of these
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) 8 November
- India’s first mission to the moon, Chandrayaan-1, was launched on October 22, 2008, from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
- The vehicle was then placed in lunar orbit on November 8, 2008, and was operational until August 29, 2009.
- Chandrayaan-2 mission was launched on July 22, 2019, and reached the lunar orbit on August 20, 2019.
|
84. The name of the spacecraft for India’s mission moon is –
(a) Chandrayan-I
(b) Chandrayan-II
(c) Antariksha
(d) Change-I
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (a) & (b) Chandrayan-I & Chandrayan-II
- India has two spacecraft for its mission to the moon – Chandrayaan-I and Chandrayan-II.
|
85. CHANDRAYAN-I was launched from –
(a) Orissa
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Karnataka
(d) Andhra Pradesh
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2008]
Ans. (d) Andhra Pradesh
- On October 22, 2008, the spacecraft Chandrayaan-1 was successfully launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
- The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) utilized a PSLV-XL rocket for the launch.
|
86. The Project Director of Chandrayaan-2 is –
(a) C. Rangarajan
(b) A.P.J. Kalam
(c) P. Chidambaram
(d) Dr. M. Annadurai
[U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010]
Ans. (d) Dr. M. Annadurai
- Chandrayaan-2 was an Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) mission that aimed to send a spacecraft to orbit the moon and a lander and rover to its surface.
- The mission was first led by Dr. M. Annadurai, who had also led the Chandrayaan-1 project.
- Eventually, two female scientists from ISRO, Muthayya Vanitha and Ritu Karidhal, took over as Project Director and Mission Director, respectively.
- The mission was launched on 22 July 2019 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre using a GSLV-MkIII rocket.
|
87. In July 2019, the spacecraft Chandrayaan-2 was launched from which Indian State?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(c) Karnataka
(d) Maharashtra
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (b) Andhra Pradesh
- ISRO launched Chandrayaan-2, India’s second lunar exploration mission, from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh on July 22, 2019.
- The spacecraft entered the moon’s orbit on August 20.
- It was meant to land on the moon on September 7, but the lander had a deviation from the planned trajectory and lost connection.
- This would have made India the fourth country to do a successful soft landing, after Russia, the USA, and China.
- Luckily, the orbiter of Chandrayaan-2 is doing well.
|
88. Which Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle was used by ISRO to launch the Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft?
(a) GSLV-MKIII-M1
(b) GSLV-MKII-M2
(c) GSLV-MKIV-M8
(d) GSLV-MKV-M4
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) GSLV-MKIII-M1
- The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) used the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-MKIII-M1) to launch Chandrayaan-2.
- This is a three-part rocket with two solid parts, a liquid core, and a cryogenic top.
- GSLV-MKIII can take 4 tonnes of payload into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) or 10 tonnes to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), which is twice as much as GSLV-MKII.
|
89. What is the name of the world’s first private flight plan to go on the moon?
(a) Moon Express
(b) Moon Flight
(c) Chandrayaan
(d) Moon Mail
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) Moon Express
- Moon Express is the first-ever private mission to the moon, which was approved by the Federal Aviation Administration on August 3, 2016, and will be launched in 2017.
|
90. Consider the following statements :
The Mangalyaan launched by ISRO
1. is also called the Mars Orbiter Mission
2. made India the second country to have a spacecraft orbit Mars after the USA
3. made India the only country to be successful in making its spacecraft orbit Mars in its very first attempt
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) 1 and 3 only
- India has launched its very first mission to explore Mars, called MOM (Mars Orbiter Mission) or Mangalyaan.
- This mission will analyze the features of the surface, minerals, and atmosphere of Mars.
- India is the first Asian country, and the first nation overall, to attempt this mission.
- The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is the fourth space agency to send a satellite to Mars.
- Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.
|
91. Tianwen-1 is :
(a) Space Station of China
(b) Moon rover vehicle of China
(c) Inter-Continental Missile of China
(d) Spacecraft of China
[R.A.S./ R.T.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (d) Spacecraft of China
- Tianwen-1, a mission by China’s National Space Administration, sent a robotic spacecraft to Mars.
- This spacecraft included an orbiter, two cameras, a lander, a remote camera, and the Zhurong rover.
- It was launched from Wenchang on July 23, 2020, and after seven months it reached Mars’s orbit on February 10, 2021.
|
92. Which of the following statements is not correct about the Chinese space shuttle ‘Shenzhou-7’?
(a) It was manned by four astronauts.
(b) It was launched by a Long March 2F rocket.
(c) For the first time, the Chinese astronauts performed a spacewalk.
(d) The astronauts returned safely to Earth.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (a) It was manned by four astronauts.
- On September 25, 2008, China sent three astronauts into space with their Shenzhou-7 spacecraft.
- The rocket was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in northwest Gansu province.
- Shenzhou-9 was launched on June 16, 2012, and included China’s first female astronaut, Liu Yang.
- This was part of the Shenzhou program and was the first time China attempted a space walk.
|
93. In August 2016, China developed a system nicknamed ‘Micius’ which is :
(a) An ancient Chinese musical system
(b) A quantum satellite communication system
(c) A computer game
(d) None of the above
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) A quantum satellite communication system
- China launched Micius, the world’s inaugural quantum communications satellite (Quantum Experiments at Space Scale: QUESS), on August 16, 2016.
- The naming of Micius pays homage to the renowned ancient Chinese philosopher and scientist.
|
94. Recently, ISRO and CNES signed an agreement to set up a joint maritime surveillance system. CNES is a space agency of which country?
(a) Russia
(b) Germany
(c) France
(d) Canada
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (c) France
- France’s government space agency, CNES (National Centre for Space Studies), signed a deal with ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) in March 2019 to create a shared system to monitor the seas.
|
95. Recently which space agency successfully launched the world’s smallest satellite-carrying rocket?
(a) NASA
(b) ISRO
(c) CNSA
(d) JAXA
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (d) JAXA
- In February 2018, ‘JAXA’ – Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency achieved a milestone by sending the smallest rocket ever into space and successfully placing a satellite into orbit.
|
96. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory is located in
(a) Houston
(b) Los Angeles
(c) Pasadena
(d) Cape Kennedy
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (c) Pasadena
- The Jet Propulsion Laboratory of NASA is based in Pasadena, California, USA.
|
97. What is ‘Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10)’, recently in the news?
(a) Electric plane tested by NASA
(b) Solar-powered two-seater aircraft designed by Japan
(c) Space observatory launched by China
(d) Reusable rocket designed by ISRO
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) Electric plane tested by NASA
- NASA has built and tested a battery-powered plane with 10 engines that can take off and land like a helicopter and fly like a plane.
- The Greased Lightning GL-10 prototype demonstrated how it could switch from hovering to flying during test flights.
- It could be used for tasks such as delivering packages, doing surveillance for agriculture, mapping, and other tasks that require vertical take-off and landing.
|
98. Which spacecraft of NASA has confirmed the presence of water on the moon?
(a) ORION
(b) GEMINI
(c) SOFIA
(d) MERCURY
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (c) SOFIA
- In October 2020, the US space agency NASA made a big discovery: for the first time ever, they found water on the moon’s surface in sunlight.
- They used a mission called SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy) to make the discovery in a crater called Clavius, which is in the moon’s southern hemisphere.
- India’s Chandrayaan-1 mission had already seen that there was water on the moon in 2008.
|
99. NASA’s Deep Impact space mission was employed to take detailed pictures of which comet nucleus?
(a) Halley’s Comet
(b) Hale-Bopp
(c) Hyakutake
(d) Temple-1
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (d) Temple-1
- NASA’s Deep Impact Mission was sent from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on January 12, 2005.
- It was sent with a Delta-II rocket and after 174 days of travel, it had gone 429 million kilometres to reach comet Temple-1.
- On July 4, 2005, the spacecraft crashed into Temple-1, allowing scientists to understand what the icy comet was made of.
- Other past space missions to comets, like Giotto and Stardust, only looked at the surface of the comet’s nucleus.
- Deep Impact was the first to get material from a comet’s surface.
|
100. What is the name of the NASA vehicle on Mars?
(a) Phoenix
(b) Roger
(c) Florida
(d) John Canaday
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) Phoenix
- NASA sent a robotic spaceship called ‘Phoenix’ to explore Mars in 2008.
- It arrived on Mars on May 25th.
|
101. The first U.S. rover which reached Mars in January 2004 was :
(a) Discovery
(b) Pioneer
(c) Spirit
(d) Vanguard
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (c) Spirit
- Spirit, also known as MER-A, was a robot rover on Mars that operated from 2004 to 2010.
- It was part of a mission called the Mars Exploration Rover Mission, and it arrived on the planet on January 4, 2004.
- Opportunity, the other rover, landed on the other side of Mars.
- Later on, NASA sent the Curiosity rover in 2011 and the Perseverance rover in 2020, as part of two different missions.
|
102. According to NASA, the evidence for the presence of life on Mars found till today include –
(a) Water alone
(b) Water and gypsum
(c) Water, gypsum and methane
(d) None of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (c) Water, gypsum and methane
- NASA’s Spirit and Opportunity mission on Mars has found signs of sulfates, which suggests there was water on the planet in the past.
- They also discovered gypsum, a type of sulfate.
- There is also the presence of methane, which raises the possibility of life existing on Mars.
|
103. Methane is present in the atmosphere of :
(a) Moon
(b) Sun
(c) Mars
(d) Jupiter
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2016, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) & (d) Mars & Jupiter
- ESA’s Mars Express Orbiter found methane in the air on Mars.
- NASA’s Curiosity rover also spotted methane there.
- The air on Jupiter is mostly Helium and Hydrogen with a tiny bit of Water, Ammonia, Methane, and other Carbon compounds.
|
104. The fuel tanks of the spacecraft ‘Discovery’ that was launched into space on July 4, 2006 was filled with –
(a) Liquid hydrogen only
(b) Liquid oxygen only
(c) Mixture of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen
(d) Mixture of liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen, and liquid helium
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (c) Mixture of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen
- The Space Shuttle is a type of spacecraft that can be used more than once.
- It launches like a rocket, orbits Earth like a satellite, and lands like a glider.
- It is made up of three main parts –
- an orbiter
- an external tank
- a solid rocket booster
- These shuttles are powered with liquid hydrogen and oxygen.
- The five space shuttles of NASA –
- Challenger
- Columbia
- Discovery
- Atlantis
- Endeavour – have all been retired
|
105. Apollo-8 was launched for space exploration on :
(a) January 6, 1998
(b) Feb 7, 1998
(c) March 8, 1998
(d) April 9, 1998
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (*)
- Apollo-8 was the first time humans traveled to the moon and back.
- It was sent from Cape Kennedy, Florida in the United States on December 21, 1968.
|
106. Selene-1, the lunar orbiter mission belongs to which one of the following?
(a) China
(b) European Union
(c) Japan
(d) USA
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Japan
- Japan launched its first spacecraft to orbit the moon, called Selene-1, on September 14th, 2007.
- The people of Japan gave it the nickname of Kaguya.
|
107. Consider the following statements in respect of a jet engine and a rocket :
1. A jet engine uses the surrounding air for its oxygen supply and is unsuitable for motion in space.
2. A rocket carries its own supply of oxygen in the gas form and fuel.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither nor 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2008, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (c) Both 1 and 2
- Jet engines and rockets both create thrust by pushing out the exhaust in the opposite direction of the force they want to move in.
- The main difference between them is that jets take in oxygen from the air to burn fuel while rockets carry their own oxygen in the form of liquid or gas, allowing them to work in space.
|
108. The jet aircraft flew very easily and smoothly in the lower stratosphere. What could be the appropriate explanation?
1. There are no clouds or water vapor in the lower stratosphere.
2. There are no vertical winds in the lower stratosphere.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2011, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (c) Both 1 and 2
- Jet spacecraft are able to burn fuel efficiently at low temperatures in the stratosphere.
- Unlike in thunderstorms, there is no turbulence due to convection heating in the stratosphere.
- Additionally, there are no clouds, water vapor, or vertical winds in the lower stratosphere.
|
109. On which principle, a Jet Engine works?
(a) Conservation of linear momentum
(b) Conservation of angular momentum
(c) Conservation of energy
(d) Conservation of mass
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (a) Conservation of linear momentum
- Most planes today use jet engines for flying. Jet engines and rockets work by keeping the same amount of momentum.
|
110. Rocket works on the principle of the following :
(a) Avogadro’s concept
(b) Energy conservation
(c) Momentum conservation
(d) Bernoulli’s theorem
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (c) Momentum conservation
- An electric rocket engine is a type of jet engine where a force is created in the forward direction by the ejection of particles backward.
- This is due to the law of momentum conservation, which states that momentum is equal to an object’s mass multiplied by its velocity.
|
111. Satellite is the :
(a) Uppermost band of stratosphere
(b) Lowermost band of the stratosphere
(c) High-altitude airship positioned in the stratosphere
(d) Natural satellite of Saturn
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) High-altitude airship positioned in the stratosphere
- A Satellite is an airship that flies high in the sky in the stratosphere.
- It carries one or more repeaters that help create wireless communication networks.
- It is very similar to a satellite, but instead of being in orbit, it is in the stratosphere.
|
112. Cryogenic temperature stands for temperatures :
(a) Below 150°C
(b) Above 150°C
(c) Below -150°C
(d) -273°C
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) Below -150°C
- In Physics, Cryogenics is the research of how materials act and are made at really cold temperatures, which is below -150°C (123 K or -238°F).
|
113. Low temperatures (cryogenics) find application in :
(a) Space travel, surgery, and magnetic levitation
(b) Surgery, magnetic levitation, and telemetry
(c) Space travel, surgery, and telemetry
(d) Space travel, magnetic levitation, and telemetry
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (d) Space travel, magnetic levitation, and telemetry
- Cryogenics are utilized in space exploration, magnetic suspension, and remote sensing.
|
114. Cryogenic engines and application in :
(a) Sub-marine propulsion
(b) Frost-free refrigerators
(c) Rocket technology
(d) Research in superconductivity
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006, I.A.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (c) Rocket technology
- Cryogenics comes from the Greek words ‘Kryos’ meaning ‘frost’ and ‘genic’ meaning to produce.
- Usually, cryogenics refers to temperatures below -150° C.
- A cryogenic engine is a rocket engine that uses fuel and oxidizers that have been cooled and stored at extremely cold temperatures (less than -150°C).
|
115. Cryogenic engines use –
(a) Liquid chlorine as the oxidizer and liquid hydrogen as the fuel.
(b) Liquid oxygen as the oxidizer and liquid hydrogen as the fuel.
(c) Liquid fluorine as the oxidizer and liquid hydrogen as the fuel.
(d) Liquid sulphur dioxide as the oxidizer and liquid hydrogen as the fuel.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (b) Liquid oxygen as the oxidizer and liquid hydrogen as the fuel.
- Cryogenic engines require liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen to be stored at a very cold temperature so they stay in liquid form.
- These types of engines are also used in space shuttles.
|
116. The Cryogenic engine is used in –
(a) Boeing
(b) Rapid rail engines
(c) Space shuttle
(d) Nuclear reactor
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (c) Space shuttle
- Cryogenic engines are utilized in things like rockets, submarines, helicopters, and airplanes.
- They are often used to power space vehicles.
|
117. Which of the following is not used as rocket propellant –
(a) Liquid hydrogen
(b) Liquid oxygen
(c) Liquid hydrazine
(d) Kerosene oil
[U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010]
Ans. (*)
- All of the options are used to make a rocket go.
- Liquid hydrogen, hydrazine, and kerosene are the fuels, and liquid oxygen is the oxidizer.
- The propellant is a mix of fuel and oxidizer.
|
118. Consider the following statements :
1. In the year 2006, India successfully tested a full-fledged cryogenic stage in rocketry.
2. After the USA, Russia, and China, India is the only country to have acquired the capability for use of the cryogenic stage in rocketry.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (a) 1 only
- In October 2006, India successfully tested a cryogenic stage of a rocket for 50 seconds at the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre in Tamil Nadu, joining the group of countries consisting of the USA, Russia, the European space agency, China, and Japan that have developed cryogenic rocketry.
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119. Consider the following statements and find the correct answer from the codes given below :
1. RISAT-2 Satellite was put in orbit by PSLV-C12 in April 2009 from Sriharikota.
2. Another satellite ANUSAT was also put in orbit by the PSLV-C12. This was built by Anna University, Chennai.
3. ANUSAT is an experimental communication satellite.
4. RISAT-2 is a surveillance satellite and can keep a watch on a country’s borders.
Code :
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, and 4 all
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4 all
- RISAT-2 is an Indian satellite that uses radar to take pictures. It was sent into space on April 20, 2009, from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, and was made to watch India’s borders.
- ANUSAT is a special communication satellite created by Anna University in Chennai.
- It was also sent on the same PSLV-C12 rocket as RISAT-2.
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120. With reference to Indian satellites and their launchers, consider the following statements :
1. All the INSAT series of satellites were launched abroad.
2. PSLVs were used to launch the IRS series of satellites.
3. India used the indigenously built cryogenic engines for the first time for powering the third stage of GSLV.
4. GSAT, launched in the year 2001, had payloads to demonstrate digital broadcast and internet services.
Which of these statements are correct?
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2, and 4
(d) 1 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) 2, 3 and 4
- The GSLV is a three-stage launcher with a cryogenic engine built in India at Mahendragiri in Tamil Nadu.
- It was used to launch the GSAT-1 satellite on April 18, 2001, and the payloads of this satellite demonstrated digital broadcasts and internet services.
- The PSLV was used to launch the IRS series of satellites and other various satellites, such as the INSAT-4C which launched from Sriharikota on July 10, 2006.
- Therefore, statements 2, 3, and 4 are correct, but statement 1 is false.
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121. With reference to India’s satellite launch vehicles, consider the following statements :
1. PSLVs launch satellites useful for Earth resources monitoring whereas GSLVs are designed mainly to launch communication satellites.
2. Satellites launched by PSLV appear to remain permanently fixed in the same position in the sky, as viewed from a particular location on Earth.
3. GSLV Mk III is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and third stages using solid rocket motors, and the second and fourth stages using liquid rocket engines.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 2
(d) 3 only
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (a) 1 only
- The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has developed the PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) which is a medium-lift launcher.
- It can reach various orbits such as the Geo Synchronous Transfer Orbit, Lower Earth Orbit, and Polar Sun Synchronous Orbit.
- The GSLV is mainly used to send communication satellites to a height of 36000 km.
- PSLV mainly launches earth monitoring satellites to Polar orbits, which move around in the sky.
- The GSLV MK III has three stages:
- the first stage uses solid propellant
- the second stage uses liquid propellant
- the third stage is the cryogenic stage
- Therefore, only statement 1 is true.
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122. An artificial satellite can be tracked very precisely from the Earth by using
(a) Doppler effect
(b) Radar
(c) Sonar
(d) Pulsar
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (a) Doppler effect
- A satellite can be located very precisely from the ground using the Doppler Effect.
- This is achieved by using tracking transmitters that utilize the Doppler Effect to provide accurate tracking.
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123. Which one of the following is not a space satellite?
(a) SLV-3
(b) RS-D1
(c) IRS-1D
(d) INSAT-2D
[U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010, U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl.) (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (a) SLV-3
- The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched four satellites as part of the Rohini series.
- RS-D1 was sent into space on May 31, 1981.
- ISRO also sent up the IRS satellite series to observe the Earth.
- INSAT-2D was launched on June 4, 1997, and IRS-ID on September 29, 1997.
- SLV-3 is not a satellite but an ISRO-developed launch vehicle.
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124. GSLV-D2 which has been recently launched into orbit is-
(a) Defence Satellite
(b) Exploration Satellite
(c) Communication Satellite
(d) Traf c Satellite
[U.P.U.D.A/L.D.A. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (*)
- GSLV is an Indian-made rocket that was built to send INSAT-style satellites into a special orbit.
- The second test flight of the GSLV, called GSLV-D2, was launched on 8 May 2003 and was able to send a heavier satellite, weighting 1800 kg, into this orbit.
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125. Consider the following statements:-
1. Vigyan Rail is a Science Exhibition on wheels organized by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.
2. Vigyan Prasar is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Human Resources Development.
3. The educational satellite of ISRO (EDUSAT) was launched in 2004 from French Guiana.
Which of the above statements is correct
(a) 1, 2, and 3
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) None of the above
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (d) None of the above
- Vigyan Rail is an exhibition on wheels created together by the Railway Ministry and the Science and Technology Department.
- It began on December 15, 2003, to show India’s successes in various scientific and technological fields.
- Statement 1 is wrong because Vigyan Prasar is part of the Science and Technology Department, not the Human Resources and Development Ministry.
- It was created in 1989, so Statement 2 is false as well. EDUSAT is a satellite made specifically for the educational sector.
- It launched on September 20, 2004, from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh (not from French Guiana).
- so Statement 3 is incorrect.
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126. India became the first country to send an Educational Services Satellite into space, Edusat. When was the satellite launched?
(a) 20th September, 2003
(b) 20th September, 2004
(c) 4th July, 2004
(d) 20th December, 2003
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (b) 20th September, 2004
- On September 20, 2004, India’s Space Research Organization (ISRO) launched EDUSAT, which is also known as GSAT-3.
- This was the first satellite made by India specifically for educational purposes, and it was sent up from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
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127. Consider the following statements :
1. India launched its first full-fledged meteorological satellite (METSAT) in September 2002.
2. For the first time, the space vehicle PSLV C-4 carried a payload of more than 1000 kg into a geosynchronous orbit.
Which of these statements is/are correct?
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) Both 1 and 2
- On September 12, 2002, India launched its first official weather satellite.
- The space vehicle PSLV-C4 carried more than 1000 kilograms of cargo and entered the geosynchronous orbit.
- This satellite was named METSAT-1 in memory of the late astronaut Kalpana Chawla and was also known as Kalpana-I.
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128. Kalpana-I is the new name given to one of the following :
(a) Insat-1A
(b) Metsat
(c) Insat-2B
(d) Agni-III
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (b) Metsat
- The first in a series of dedicated meteorological satellites constructed by ISRO is METSAT, which was later renamed Kalpana-1 on February 5, 2003, in honor of Dr. Kalpana Chawla.
- Dr. Chawla, an Indian-born American astronaut, tragically lost her life in the US Space Shuttle Columbia disaster on February 1, 2003.
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129. In September 2002, India launched :
(a) GSAT
(b) INSAT-3B
(c) IRS – P4
(d) METSAT
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (d) METSAT
- India’s inaugural weather satellite, METSAT, was successfully launched on September 18, 2002, utilizing India’s Polar Satellites Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C4).
- This significant milestone marked India’s entry into the domain of weather satellite deployment.
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130. Which of the following is Academic Institute Satellite?
(a) CARTOSAT-2B
(b) KALPANA-1
(c) INSAT-2E
(d) SATYABAMASAT
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (d) SATYABAMASAT
- Sathyabamasat is a small satellite made by students and teachers from Sathyabama University in Chennai.
- Its purpose is to collect information about greenhouse gases, such as water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen fluoride.
- It was sent up to space along with the Cartosat-2C satellite on June 22,
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131. India’s advanced communication satellite GSAT-8 was launched on May 21, 2011, from
(a) Hassan
(b) Kourou
(c) Shriharikota
(d) Thiruvananthapuram
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (b) Kourou
- On May 21, 2011, India’s highly sophisticated communication satellite GSAT-8 was effectively launched from Kourou, French Guiana, utilizing the Ariane-V launch vehicle provided by Arianespace.
- Ariane-V precisely positioned GSAT-8 into the planned geosynchronous transfer orbit, with an apogee of 35,861 km, a perigee of 258 km, and an orbital inclination of 2.503 degrees relative to the equator.
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132. The Indian GSAT-7 satellite is exclusively meant for
(a) Weather forecast
(b) Military communication
(c) Mars mission
(d) Special coverage of the moon
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) Military communication
- ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) made the GSAT-7 or INSAT-4F satellite. It is also known as ‘RUKMINI’.
- This satellite is only for the Indian Navy.
- On August 30, 2013, it was launched using the Ariane-5 launch vehicle from the French Guiana in Kourou.
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133. A list of a few satellites manufactured by ISRO is given below along with the date of their launch. Which two of the following Satellites failed to reach the orbit?
| Satellite |
Launch Date |
| 1. GSAT-2 |
May 8th, 2003 |
| 2. GSAT-4 |
15th April, 2010 |
| 3. GSAT-5P |
25th December, 2010 |
| 4. GSAT-12 |
15th July, 2011 |
Code :
(a) 4 and 1
(d) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 3 and 4
[R.A.S/R.T.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) 2 and 3
- In April 2010, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched the GSAT-4 satellite, but it failed to reach orbit after the rocket’s third stage malfunctioned.
- GSAT-5P was the fifth satellite in the GSAT series and was created to increase the communication services of the Indian National Satellite System.
- Weighing 2310 kg, it had 24 normal C-band and 12 extended C-band transponders.
- Unfortunately, GSAT-5P could not be placed in orbit as the GSLV-F06 mission was unsuccessful.
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134. Which one of the following satellites was successfully launched by India on 29th September, 2012 ?
(a) GSAT-6
(b) GSAT-9
(c) GSAT-10
(d) GSAT-12
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (c) GSAT-10
- On September 29, 2012, India launched the heaviest telecommunication satellite, GSAT-10, using an Ariane-5 rocket from the Guiana Space Centre.
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135. ISRO has successfully launched the GSAT-6A satellite from which rocket vehicle?
(a) GSLV-F07
(b) GSLV-F09
(c) GSLV-F05
(d) GSLV-F08
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (d) GSLV-F08
- ISRO launched GSAT-6A, a powerful S-band communication satellite, using GSLV-F08 from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota on March 29, 2018.
- It has a mission life of 10 years.
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136. In the context of space technology, what is ‘BHUVAN’, which is recently in the news?
(a) The name of the space vehicle proposed to be sent to the moon to probe possible human habitation there.
(b) A satellite launched by ISRO for promoting distance education in India.
(c) A space telescope developed by India.
(d) A geoportal of ISRO with 3-D imaging capabilities.
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (d) A geoportal of ISRO with 3-D imaging capabilities.
- Bhuvan is a program created by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).
- It lets users view 2D or 3D images of the Earth’s surface and also offers help with disasters.
- It is like Google Earth but made in India.
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