1. The weight of our body is mostly made of
(a) From bones
(b) Parts of body
(c) Parts of skin
(d) From water
[Uttarakhand U.D.A/L.D.A. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (d) From water
- The human body is made up of 60-70% water, with the average adult having 55-65%.
- Babies usually have more water in their bodies, usually around 75-78%, which decreases to 65-70% when they turn one year old.
- Water is the most effective liquid for dissolving things.
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2. The human body contains
(a) about 70% water
(b) 20%-30% water
(c) 10%-20% water
(d) 30%-40% water
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[64th B.P. S.C. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (a) about 70% water
- The human body usually has between 60-70% water.
- Adults usually have around 55-65%.
- Babies usually have more water, usually around 75-78%.
- Water is a very good liquid for dissolving things.
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3. The percentage of water in an adult human body is around–
(a) 10%
(b) 30%
(c) 65%
(d) 75%
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (c) 65%
- The human body is made up of between 60-70% water on average.
- Babies usually have 75-78% water in their bodies, but this decreases to 65-70% as they get older.
- Water is the best liquid for dissolving things.
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4. The most abundant element found in the human body is –
(a) Iron
(b) Sodium
(c) Oxygen
(d) Iodine
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (c) Oxygen
- Most of the human body is made up of just six elements –
- Oxygen
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Nitrogen
- Calcium
- Phosphorus
- Oxygen is the most common, and it’s mainly found in the form of water.
- Water makes up around 60-70% of the human body and plays a role in many processes.
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5. The maximum amount of elements found in the human body is-
(a) Iron
(b) Sodium
(c) Phosphorus
(d) Calcium
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (d) Calcium
- The human body is mostly composed of –
- Oxygen (65%)
- Carbon (18.5%)
- Hydrogen (9.5%)
- Nitrogen (3.2%)
- Calcium (1.5%)
- Phosphorus (1.0%)
- Therefore, option (d) is correct.
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6. In the human body percentage of which element is highest?
(a) Hydrogen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Carbon
(d) Oxygen
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (d) Oxygen
- The human body is mostly composed of six elements –
- Oxygen (65%)
- Carbon (18.5%)
- Hydrogen (9.5%)
- Nitrogen (3.2%)
- Calcium (1.5%)
- Phosphorus (1.0%)
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7. The number of bones in an adult human body is –
(a) 204
(b) 206
(c) 208
(d) 210
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010 U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (b) 206
- An adult human body has 206 bones.
- A baby is born with around 300 bones, but by the time it becomes an adult, some of the bones have merged together, leaving them with 206 bones.
- These bones make up the skeleton, which is divided into two parts:
- The axial skeleton
- The appendicular skeleton
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8. How many bones are there in the human skeleton?
(a) 280
(b) 200
(c) 220
(d) 206
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (d) 206
- An adult human has 206 bones, while a baby has 300 bones at birth.
- As they grow, some of the bones join together, so that by the time they are an adult, they have 206 bones.
- These bones make up two groups:
- The axial skeleton
- The appendicular skeleton.
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9. At the age of 20 years, the number of bones in the human body is approximately –
(a) 100
(b) 200
(c) 300
(d) None of these
[41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (d) None of these
- An adult human body has 206 bones.
- A baby has about 300 bones, but some of these bones fuse together as they grow, so by the time they are an adult, they have 206 bones.
- These bones make up the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.
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10. Which of the following is the smallest bone in the human body?
(a) Vomer
(b) Stapes
(c) Malleus
(d) Incus
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Pre) 2010, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Stapes
- The stapes is the smallest and lightest bone in the human body, shaped like a stirrup and located in the middle of the ear.
- The femur is the biggest bone in the human body and is found in the upper leg, connecting the knee at one end and the hip socket at the other.
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11. The smallest bone in our body is found in our –
(a) Ear
(b) Nose
(c) Eye
(d) Toe
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (a) Ear
- The stapes is the tiniest and lightest bone in the human body and is shaped like a stirrup.
- It is located in the middle of the ear.
- The femur is the biggest bone in the human body and it is situated in the upper leg.
- It connects the knee on one end and fits into the hip socket on the other.
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12. The number of bones in the human skull is –
(a) 28
(b) 30
(c) 32
(d) 40
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) 28
- The human head (not including the hyoid bone in the neck) is made up of 28 bones.
- It is divided into two parts, the neurocranium and the facial skeleton (also known as the viscerocranium).
- The neurocranium has 8 bones and the viscerocranium has 14.
- The remaining 6 bones are located in the middle ear.
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13. Which one of the following salts is found in the maximum amount in the human bones?
(a) Magnesium Chloride
(b) Calcium Carbonate
(c) Calcium Phosphate
(d) Sodium Chloride
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (c) Calcium Phosphate
- Calcium phosphate is the most common form of calcium found in cows’ milk and blood.
- Most bones are made up of hydroxyapatite, which is a type of calcium phosphate mineral called bone mineral.
- Human bones are made up of up to 50% volume and 70% weight of a special kind of hydroxyapatite.
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14. How many pairs of ribs are there in a human body?
(a) 12
(b) 10
(c) 14
(d) 11
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (a) 12
- The rib cage of the human body consists of 24 bones, 12 on each side.
- They are flat and thin and work with the sternum to form the rib cage.
- This protects important organs like the heart and lungs in the upper body.
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15. In the human body, leg bone is?
(a) Hollow
(b) Porous
(c) Solid
(d) Rivet
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) Hollow
- The long bones in our bodies are made up of a hollow cylinder-shaped shaft (diaphysis) and two ends (epiphysis).
- The diaphysis is made of strong, compact bone that doesn’t bend easily.
- The inside of the diaphysis holds yellow bone marrow which stores fat.
- The epiphysis is a thin shell of compact bone filled with a spongy structure and is surrounded by red bone marrow which creates red blood cells.
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16. What is arthroplasty in surgery :
(a) Open heart surgery
(b) Kidney transplant
(c) Hip-joint replacement
(d) Blood transfusion
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2001, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) Hip-joint replacement
- Hip arthroplasty is a surgical procedure that involves replacing parts of the hip joint with an artificial implant to fix the damaged area that is causing pain.
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17. The bones are held together by elastic tissues are called–
(a) Ligaments
(b) Fibrous tissues
(c) Fibrin
(d) Muscular tissues
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl.) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (a) Ligaments
- A ligament is a type of tissue that connects two bones together to make a joint.
- It is a strong and thick type of tissue.
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18. Plaques formed on teeth are made up of –
(a) Food particles only
(b) Food particles plus saliva
(c) Food particles plus saliva plus mouth acids
(d) Food particles plus saliva plus mouth acids plus bacteria
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (d) Food particles plus saliva plus mouth acids plus bacteria
- Dental plaque is a slimy layer made up of bacteria, food particles, saliva, and mouth acids that grow on the surfaces of your mouth.
- Saliva usually has a pH of 6.7.
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19. No pain is felt while cutting the nails because –
(a) Nails are made of the material of dead cells in which there is no blood circulation.
(b) Nails are a useless part of the body.
(c) Nails are made of calcium phosphate.
(d) None of these.
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) Nails are made of the material of dead cells in which there is no blood circulation.
- Nails are made of several layers of a protein called alpha-keratin and are made of dead tissue.
- They don’t have any nerves or blood vessels, so we don’t feel any pain when they’re cut.
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20. Alpha-keratin is a protein, present in :
(a) Blood
(b) Skin
(c) Lymph
(d) Eggs
[UP.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003 I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (b) Skin
- Alpha-keratin is a type of protein that makes up the outer layer of human skin, as well as hair, nails, and hooves.
- It gives strength and toughness to the organs used for chewing, like the tongue and hard palate.
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21. Hair is composed of a protein called –
(a) Globulin
(b) Mucin
(c) Keratin
(d) Casein
[U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014]
Ans. (c) Keratin
- Hair is made of the protein keratin, which is also the main part of fingernails and toenails.
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22. Which one of the following proteins is present in human hair and nails?
(a) Oxytocin
(b) Keratin
(c) Vasopressin
(d) Trypsin
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (b) Keratin
- Keratin is an incredibly strong protein that makes up a lot of our skin, hair, nails, hooves, horns, and teeth.
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23. Which of the following are required for the formation of bones and teeth?
(a) Sodium and Potassium
(b) Iron and Calcium
(c) Sodium and Calcium
(d) Calcium and Phosphorus
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (d) Calcium and Phosphorus
- Both teeth and bones are hard, white, and dense.
- Teeth are made up of calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals, while bones are mostly made up of a protein called collagen, as well as calcium, phosphorus, and sodium.
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24. Which one of the following nutritional elements is not essential for the formation and strengthening of bones and teeth?
(a) Calcium
(b) Phosphorus
(c) Fluorine
(d) Iodine
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (d) Iodine
- Calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride are important for building strong bones and teeth.
- If there isn’t enough of these nutrients, it can lead to dental and bone problems.
- Iodine helps to regulate the thyroid gland.
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25. The number of teeth that are developed twice in the lifetime of a human being is
(a) 4
(b) 12
(c) 20
(d) 28
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (c) 20
- Humans have two sets of teeth: 20 milk teeth in their early life, and then 12 permanent teeth that eventually replace them.
- Most mammals also have two sets of teeth – this is known as being diphyodont.
- The four types of teeth are incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.
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26. Which of the following is the strongest part of our body?
(a) Bone
(b) Enamel
(c) Dentin
(d) Cementum
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (b) Enamel
- The outer layer of our teeth, called tooth enamel, is the strongest part of our body.
- It helps to make our teeth white and it guards healthy teeth from harm.
- When tooth enamel gets damaged, it can cause tooth decay.
- It is made of tiny crystals called hydroxyapatite, which contains calcium phosphate.
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27. The strongest muscle in the human body is found in
(a) Jaws
(b) Thighs
(c) Neck
(d) Hands
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (a) Jaws
- The jaw muscle, also known as the masseter, is the strongest muscle in terms of its weight.
- When all the jaw muscles come together, they can close the teeth with a force of up to 55 pounds (25 kg) on the incisors or 200 pounds (90.7 kg) on the molars.
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28. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists :
| List-I |
List-II |
| (Bones) |
(Names) |
| (a) Breastbone |
1. Clavicle |
| (b) Collarbone |
2. Patella |
| (c) Knee-cap |
3. Scapula |
| (d) Shoulder blade |
4. Sternum |
Code :
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
| a |
4 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
| b |
1 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
| c |
1 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
| d |
4 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2001, R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (d) 4123
- The correctly matched lists are as follows :
| (Bones) |
(Names) |
| Breastbone |
Sternum |
| Collarbone |
Clavicle |
| Knee-cap |
Patella |
| Shoulder blade |
Scapula |
|
