Respiratory System – Old Year Questions

• The lungs are the main organs used for breathing in mammals and most other animals with a spine.
• In mammals, there are two lungs located close to the spine on either side of the heart.
• The lungs take oxygen from the air and put it in the blood and take carbon dioxide from the blood and let it out into the air, which is a way of exchanging gases.

• Breathing in and out is called respiration. It is something that all living things do.
• The air we breathe in is made up of five main gases – Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Carbon Dioxide, and other small amounts of gases.
• As we breathe out, the same amount of nitrogen is released as was taken in when we breathed in.

• Getting oxygen to the body’s cells requires three major
  events:
  • Uptaking oxygen from the air to the lungs;
  • Transporting that oxygen in the blood;
  • Delivering the oxygen to cells and tissues throughout the
  body.

• The respiratory system’s job is to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. In the lungs, millions of alveoli and the capillaries around them exchange these two gases.
• Oxygen goes from the alveoli to the capillaries, and carbon dioxide goes from the capillaries to the alveoli.

• The body needs a certain amount of oxygen in the blood to work correctly. When this amount is lower than normal, it’s called hypoxemia and can cause shortness of breath.
• This happens because there is less oxygen in the blood, which causes you to breathe faster.

• Carbon monoxide harms people by combining with haemoglobin, a type of protein in the blood, to form carboxyhaemoglobin.
• This stops haemoglobin from taking oxygen to the body’s tissues, which leads to a lack of oxygen.
• It might also affect myoglobin and cytochrome oxidase in the mitochondria.
• Carboxyhaemoglobin can be changed back to haemoglobin, but it takes time because the HbCO complex is strong.

• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that holds energy.
• Changing ATP into ADP is essential for giving energy for things like muscle movement, electrical work, and necessary building blocks of life.
• The energy from food or sunlight is turned into useful work by breaking down ATP.

ATP + H2
O → ADP + Pi + energy

• Respiration is a set of chemical reactions that happen in living cells.
• It turns energy from food into a form that the body can use (ATP) and also produces waste products.

• Aerobic respiration is the process of releasing energy from glucose or other organic substances when oxygen is present.
• During this process, glucose is changed into carbon dioxide and water, and a lot of energy is created. Animals and plants constantly use aerobic respiration in their cells.

• The lungs are the main organs of respiration, which keep the body temperature steady by taking in oxygen-rich air and releasing air full of carbon dioxide, a waste gas.
• This process also creates energy in the body’s tissues by burning food and evaporating the body’s water, which also helps keep the body’s temperature normal.