Sanctuaries/Biosphere Reserves Notes with PDF
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1. Conservation Initiatives & Projects
A. Project Tiger
- Launched in 1973 by the Government of India.
- Primary objective: To save the Indian tiger from extinction.
- Betla National Park in Jharkhand is one of the tiger reserves under this project.
B. M-STrIPES
- Stands for Monitoring System for Tigers – Intensive Protection and Ecological Status.
- A tool used for the maintenance and protection of Tiger Reserves.
- Comprises field-based patrol processes and GIS-based software for data analysis.
C. In-situ Conservation
- The method used for maintaining genetic diversity in National Parks.
- It involves conserving species in their natural habitat.
2. Important Dates & Days
A. International Tiger Day
- Observed globally on 29th July.
- Aim: To raise awareness about tiger conservation.
- First established at the Saint Petersburg Tiger Summit in 2010.
3. Protected Areas in India
A. National Parks
- Jim Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand) is the first National Park of India, established in 1936.
- The number of National Parks has changed over time (e.g., 96 in 1993, 106 at the time of the data’s compilation).
- Satpura National Park (Madhya Pradesh) is home to Dhoopgarh Peak.
- Rani Jhansi Maritime National Park was founded in 1996 in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
B. Wildlife Sanctuaries & Reserves
- Periyar Game Sanctuary (Kerala) is famous for its Wild Elephants.
- Gir National Park (Gujarat) is the home of the Asiatic Lion.
- Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary (Bhagalpur, Bihar) is India’s first Dolphin Observatory.
- Most wildlife protected areas in India are surrounded by Dense Forests.
C. Tiger Reserves
- The Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve (spread across Andhra Pradesh and Telangana) is the largest tiger habitat in India and has the largest area under “Critical Tiger Habitat”.
D. Other Protected Areas
- Rajiv Gandhi National Park is located in Karnataka (also known as Nagarhole Forest).
- The National Zoological Park in New Delhi is sometimes referred to as the National Biological Garden.
4. Biosphere Reserves
- India has several Biosphere Reserves, including Great Nicobar, Sunderbans, Nanda Devi, and Gulf of Mannar.
- The Gulf of Kachchh (Kutch) was not a designated biosphere reserve in 1995 but was later added to the list in 2008.
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