1. During the Indian Freedom Struggle, why did the Rowlatt Act arouse popular indignation?
(a) It curtailed the freedom of religion
(b) It suppressed traditional Indian education.
(c) It authorized the Government to imprison people without trial
(d) It curbed trade union activities.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (c) It authorized the Government to imprison people without trial
- During Lord Chelmsford’s rule, the Government appointed a sedition committee in 1917 with Justice Rowlatt.
- This committee made suggestions to stop sedition in India and the Rowlatt Act of 1919 was put in place, allowing the Government to arrest and imprison people without a trial.
- This Act caused a lot of unhappiness among people and it was famously said: “No plea, No lawyer, No appeal”.
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2. The Rowlatt Act was passed to :
(a) Bring about Agrarian Reforms
(b) Curtail the National and Revolutionary Activities
(c) Have a favorable ‘Balance of Trade.’
(d) Put Second World War criminals on trial
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) Curtail the National and Revolutionary Activities
- Under Lord Chelmsford’s rule, the Indian Government created the Rowlatt Act in 1919.
- This gave the Government the power to arrest and imprison people without a trial.
- This caused a lot of anger among the people of India. A popular saying at the time was: “No plea, No lawyer, No appeal.”
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3. When was the Rowlatt Act passed?
(a) 1909
(b) 1919
(c) 1930
(d) 1942
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1993, 48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) 1919
- In 1917, Lord Chelmsford, the ruler of India, set up a committee called the Rowlatt Act to try and stop rebellious behavior.
- This act in 1919 gave the government a lot of control – they could arrest and jail people without a trial.
- Everyone was angry about this bill – people described it as having no proof, no lawyer, and no chance to appeal.
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4. The Rowlatt Act aimed at :
(a) Compulsory economic support to war efforts
(b) Imprisonment without trial and summary procedures for trial
(c) Suppression of the Khilafat Movement
(d) Imposition of restrictions on freedom of the press
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (b) Imprisonment without trial and summary procedures for trial
- Back in 1917, the Government appointed a committee led by Justice Rowlatt to come up with ways to stop sedition in India.
- This resulted in the Rowlatt Act of 1919, which gave the Government the power to arrest and lock up people without a trial.
- This Act made everyone very angry, and was famously described as “No Daleel, No Vakil, No appeal”, which meant no one had a chance to plead their case or have legal representation.
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5. With reference to Rowlatt Satyagraha, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. The Rowlatt Act was based on the recommendations of the ‘Sedition Committee.’
2. In Rowlatt Satyagraha, Gandhiji tried to utilize the Home Rule League.
3. Demonstrations against the arrival of the Simon Commission coincided with Rowlatt Satyagraha.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (b) 1 and 2 only
- The Rowlatt Act, also known as the Black Act, was passed by the British government in 1919 and allowed them to arrest any Indian without a trial or warrant.
- It was based on the Sedition Committee and Gandhi tried to use the Home Rule League to protest it.
- The Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928 which caused a lot of strikes in big cities and towns and was welcomed with the popular slogan “Go Back, Simon.”
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6. The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre happened in the context of which Gandhian Satyagraha?
(a) Swadeshi Satyagraha
(b) Rowlatt Satyagraha
(c) Bardoli Satyagraha
(d) Individual Satyagraha
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b) Rowlatt Satyagraha
- The Rowlatt Act, nicknamed the “Black Act” by Mahatma Gandhi, was a law passed by the British Imperial Legislative Council in 1919.
- It allowed the British government to arrest Indian people without any trial or warrant.
- This was based on the Sedition Committee.
- In the Rowlatt Satyagraha, Gandhi tried to use the Home Rule League.
- In 1928, the Simon Commission arrived in India which caused strikes in many cities and towns, that were greeted with the phrase, “Go Back, Simon.”
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7. Who was the Viceroy of India when the Rowlatt Act was passed?
(a) Lord Irwin
(b) Lord Reading
(c) Lord Chelmsford
(d) Lord Wavell
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Lord Chelmsford
- Lord Chelmsford was the leader of India from 1916 to 1921 and it was during this time that the Rowlatt Act was passed.
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8. In whose Viceroyalty the ‘Rowlatt Act’ was passed?
(a) Lord Harding II
(b) Lord Reading
(c) Lord Chelmsford
(d) Lord Minto II
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (c) Lord Chelmsford
- Lord Chelmsford was the ruler of India from 1916 to 1921 and it was during this time that the Rowlatt Act was approved.
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9. The Indian National Congress opposed the Rowlatt Act because it aimed-
(a) To limit the individual liberty
(b) To ban on Indian National Congress
(c) To enlarge the communal delegations
(d) To imprison national leaders charging the traitors to the nation
[41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (a) To limit the individual liberty
- In March 1919, the British Indian government created the Rowlatt Act.
- This law allowed them to make decisions about certain cases without a jury and to keep people in jail without a proper trial.
- Most people in India disliked this Act because it took away their freedom.
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10. The first venture of Gandhi in all-India politics was the:
(a) Non-Cooperation Movement
(b) Rowlatt Satyagraha
(c) Champaran Movement
(d) Dandi March
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) Rowlatt Satyagraha
- Gandhi’s movements caused Indian Nationalism to reach a new level.
- His initiatives like the Champaran Peasant Movement, Ahmedabad Mill Workers Movement, and Kheda Peasant Movement were aimed at helping a certain part of society.
- However, the Rowlatt Satyagraha in 1919, calling for freedom of the press and an end to detention without trial, involved people of all religions, castes, ages, and genders.
- This made Gandhi famous, and it was the first Movement of its kind across India.
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11. Who suggested launching a tax campaign as a protest against the Rowlatt Act?
(a) Abul Kalam Azad
(b) Gandhiji
(c) Rabindranath Tagore
(d) Swami Shraddhanand
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (d) Swami Shraddhanand
- The Rowlatt Act was called the Black Law because it allowed the British Government to arrest and lock up people without a lawyer, trial, or any sort of defense.
- In response, Swami Shraddhananda urged people to start a Movement by refusing to pay Lagaan (Rent).
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12. The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crime Act (1919) was popularly known as the:
(a) Rowlatt Act
(b) Pitt’s India Act
(c) Indian Arms Act
(d) Ilbert Bill
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (a) Rowlatt Act
- The Rowlatt Act was a law that people called it that was based on the ideas of a committee run by a man named Justice Sidney Rowlatt.
- This act was made to cause chaos and revolution.
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13. Which important event immediately preceded the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
(a) Non-Cooperation Movement
(b) Enactment of the Rowlatt Act
(c) Communal Award
(d) Arrival of Simon Commission
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (b) Enactment of the Rowlatt Act
- In March 1919, the Rowlatt Act was put into force.
- Gandhi organized a nationwide strike in response on April 6, 1919.
- On April 13, 1919, General Dyer committed a horrible massacre at Jallianwala Bagh.
- In 1920, the Non-Cooperation Movement happened, and the Communal Award was implemented in 1932
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14. The massacre of the crowd at Jallianwala Bag at Amritsar took place on :
(a) May 5, 1918
(b) April 1, 1919
(c) April 13, 1919
(d) July 29, 1919
[46th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) April 13, 1919
- The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, also known as the Amritsar Massacre, was an important moment in India’s fight for independence from British rule.
- On April 13, 1919, a large gathering of people gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh to protest against the government’s new restrictive laws and the arrest of two famous leaders from Punjab.
- Others had come to attend the annual Baisakhi fair.
- As the area was outside of the city, many villagers didn’t know that martial law had been declared.
- General Dyer then blocked the exits, and shot at the crowd, causing thousands of deaths.
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15. The year 1919 in Indian history is related to :
(a) for the transfer of capital from Calcutta to Delhi
(b) for the tragedy of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
(c) Partition of Bengal
(d) Khilafat Movement
[38th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (b) for the tragedy of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
- On April 13, 1919, a major event in India’s fight for independence from British rule took place.
- This event was called the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, or Amritsar Massacre.
- People had gathered to protest the arrest of two popular leaders and to celebrate the annual Baisakhi fair.
- However, they were unaware that martial law had been imposed.
- General Dyer blocked the exits and opened fire on the crowd, killing many people.
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16. The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place in the city :
(a) Meerut
(b) Agra
(c) Amritsar
(d) Lahore
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) Amritsar
- The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (also known as the Amritsar Massacre) was a very important event in India’s fight for freedom from British rule.
- On April 13, 1919, a large number of people gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh to protest the government’s new restrictive policies and the arrest of two prominent Punjabi leaders, Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlu and Dr. Satyapal. Additionally, some people were there to attend the annual Baisakhi fair.
- As the area was outside of the city, many villagers were unaware that martial law had been imposed.
- General Dyer blocked the exits and opened fire on the crowd, leading to thousands of deaths.
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17. During the Indian freedom struggle, a large unarmed crowd gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh at Amritsar on April 13, 1919, to protest against the arrest of:
(a) Swami Shraddhanand and Mazharul Haq
(b) Madan Mohan Malviya and Mohammad Ali Jinnah
(c) Mahatma Gandhi and Abul Kalam Azad
(d) Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlu and Dr. Satyapal
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (d) Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlu and Dr. Satyapal
- The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (also known as the Amritsar Massacre) was a very important event in India’s fight for freedom from British rule.
- On April 13th, 1919, a large group of people had gathered in the enclosed area of Jallianwala Bagh to protest the government’s new, oppressive measures and to support the arrest of two famous Punjab leaders, Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlu and Dr. Satyapal.
- Others had come to attend the Baisakhi fair, not realizing that martial law had been put in place.
- General Dyer blocked the exits and began shooting into the crowd, killing many people.
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18. Why did people gather to demonstrate at Jallianwala Bagh?
(a) To protest against the arrest of Gandhi and Lajpat Rai
(b) To protest against the arrest of Kitchlu and Satyapal
(c) To offer prayers on the Baisakhi Day
(d) To protest against the arbitrary inhuman acts of the Punjab Government.
[48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) To protest against the arrest of Kitchlu and Satyapal
- The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, also known as the Amritsar Massacre, took place on April 13, 1919, in India during British rule.
- Many people had gathered in the enclosed area of Jallianwala Bagh to peacefully protest the government’s oppressive laws and the arrest of two well-known leaders from Punjab, Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlu and Dr. Satyapal.
- Others were there to take part in the Baisakhi fair.
- Not knowing about the martial law that had been imposed, many villagers were present.
- Dyer arrived and blocked the exits, then started shooting the crowd, resulting in the death of thousands of people.
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19. The person who returned his honor to the Indian Government on May 30, 1919, was –
(a) Jamnalal Bajaj
(b) Tej Bahadur Sapru
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Rabindranath Tagore
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (d) Rabindranath Tagore
- After the Jallianwala Bagh massacre on April 13, 1919, Rabindranath Tagore gave back his ‘Knighthood’ to the Indian Government on May 31st of that same year.
- In a letter to the Governor-General, he said that it was wrong to be wearing an honor when his fellow countrymen were being humiliated and degraded.
- He wanted to stand with them without any special recognition.
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20. Rabindranath Tagore was awarded Nobel Prize in the year
(a) 1913
(b) 1920
(c) 1922
(d) 1936
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (a) 1913
- In 1913, Rabindra Nath Tagore was the first Indian to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.
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21. The name of the famous person of India who returned the Knighthood conferred on him by the British Government as a token of protest against the atrocities in Punjab in1919 was:
(a) Tej Bahadur Sapru
(b) Ashutosh Mukherjee
(c) Rabindra Nath Tagore
(d) Syed Ahmed Khan
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (c) Rabindra Nath Tagore
- Rabindra Nath Tagore gave back his Knighthood awarded by the British Government to show his disapproval of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919.
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22. As a means of protest against which of the following incident, Rabindranath Tagore gave up his honor of knighthood?
(a) Partition of Bengal
(b) Press Act of 1910
(c) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
(d) Salt Law
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (c) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
- Rabindra Nath Tagore gave back his Knighthood to the British Government to show his disapproval of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919.
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23. Rabindra Nath Tagore gave up his ‘Knighthood’ in protest to which one of the following?
(a) Rowlatt Act
(b) Massacre at Jallianwala Bagh
(c) Simon Commission
(d) Cripps Mission
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Massacre at Jallianwala Bagh
- Rabindra Nath Tagore gave back his Knighthood to the British Government to show his disapproval of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919.
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24. Rabindranath Tagore gave up his ‘Knighthood’ because of
(a) Brutal suppression of the Civil Disobedience Movement
(b) Execution of Bhagat Singh
(c) Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy
(d) Chauri Chaura Incident
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (c) Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy
- Rabindra Nath Tagore gave back his Knighthood to the British Government as a sign of disagreement with the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919.
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25. Who among the following gave up the title of ‘Sir’ in protest against the Jallianwala Bagh incident?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Rabindranath Tagore
(d) Tej Bahadur Sapru
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (c) Rabindranath Tagore
- Rabindra Nath Tagore gave back his Knighthood to the British Government to show his disapproval of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919.
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26. Given below are two statements, one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R) –
Assertion (A): Rabindranath Tagore renounced Knighthood.
Reason (R): He wanted to participate in the Noncooperation Movement.
Choose the correct answer from the code given below code –
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre.) 2021]
Ans (c) (A) is true but (R) is false
- Rabindranath Tagore returned to his Knighthood to show his disagreement with the Jalianwala Bagh massacre, not as a way to show his support for the noncooperation movement.
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27. Who resigned from the membership of the Viceroy’s Executive Council as a protest against Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Rabindranath Tagore
(c) Shankaran Nair
(d) Jamnalal Bajaj
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (c) Shankaran Nair
- Shankaran Nair resigned from the viceroy’s Executive Council as a protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
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28. Who among the following had resigned from the Viceroy’s Executive Council protesting Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?
(a) Rabindranath Tagore
(b) Madan Mohan Malviya
(c) Sir Shankar Nair
(d) All three above
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2013, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) Sir Shankar Nair
- Shankaran Nair quit the viceroy’s Executive Council as an act of protest against the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy.
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29. Select the correct sequence of the following events by using the codes given below:
1. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
2. Dr. Satyapal’s incarceration
3. Amritsar Congress Session, 1919
Code :
(a) 2, 1, 3
(b) 1, 2, 3
(c) 2, 3, 1
(d) 3, 2,1
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2003, U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl.) (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (a) 2, 1, 3
- Saifuddin Kitchlu and Dr. Satyapal were well-known figures who were detained by the Deputy Commissioner of Amritsar on April 9, 1919.
- The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre occurred on April 13, 1919, and the Amritsar Congress Meeting was in December 1919.
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30. The Hunter Committee was appointed after the:
(a) Blackhole incident
(b) Jalianwalla Bagh massacre
(c) Uprising of 1857
(d) Partition of Bengal
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (b) Jalianwalla Bagh massacre
- The Government set up the Disorders Inquiry Committee, led by Lord William Hunter, a Scottish Senator.
- The Committee was made up of 7 people – 4 British and 3 Indians – and was set up to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy.
- Before the Committee could publish its report, Congress expressed its opinion, saying Dyer’s actions were wrong and that martial law in Punjab was not justified.
- However, the Hunter Report said something different and, although it criticized most of Dyer’s decisions, it agreed with the use of martial law in Punjab.
- It also blamed Gandhi for the bad law and order situation. As a result, Dyer was sent back to England with a ‘Sword of Honour’ and was called the ‘Lion of the British Empire’.
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31. General Dwyer’s name is associated with which of the following events?
(a) Black Hole of Calcutta
(b) Battle of Rani Durgavati
(c) Battle of 1857
(d) Jallianwala Bagh
[M.P P.C.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (d) Jallianwala Bagh
- The government created a committee, led by Lord William Hunter, that had 4 British and 3 Indian members to look into the Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy.
- Before the committee could report, Congress expressed their opinion that Dyer’s actions were wrong and that martial law was not necessary in Punjab.
- However, the Hunter Report disagreed and stated that martial law was needed and also blamed Gandhi for the bad situation.
- Dyer was then sent to England and was praised by the British Government with a ‘Sword of Honour’.
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32. Who from the following killed Michael O’Dwyer responsible for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
(a) Prithvi Singh Azad
(b) Sardar Kishan Singh
(c) Udham Singh
(d) Sohan Singh Josh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994, 45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (c) Udham Singh
- On March 13, 1940, Udham Singh, a wounded Indian Independence fighter who had seen what happened in Amritsar, shot and killed Michael O’Dwyer in London’s Caxton Hall.
- O’Dwyer was the British Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab during the massacre and was thought to be the main person behind it.
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33. Udham Singh killed in London :
(a) Lord Hoarding
(b) General Dyer
(c) Sir Michael O’Dwyer
(d) Lord Willingdon
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (c) Sir Michael O’Dwyer
- On 13 March 1940, at Caxton Hall in London, Udham Singh, an Indian Independence activist who had been present at the Amritsar massacre and was injured, killed Michael O’Dwyer, the then British Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab.
- O’Dwyer had given the green light for the massacre and was thought to be the main architect.
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34. Sir Michael O’Dwyer was shot dead on 13th March 1940 in London by:
(a) Madan Lal Dhingra
(b) M.P.T. Acharya
(c) V.D. Savarkar
(d) Udham Singh
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) Udham Singh
- On 13 March 1940, Udham Singh, an Indian Independence activist who had experienced the Amritsar massacre and was hurt, shot and killed Michael O’Dwyer in London’s Caxton Hall.
- O’Dwyer was the British Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab when the massacre happened, and he is thought to have been the main organizer of the event.
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35. The task of drafting the Congress Inquiry Committee report on the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was entrusted to :
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) C.R. Das
(d) Fazlul Haq
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (b) Mahatma Gandhi
- Mahatma Gandhi was given the job of writing a report about the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre for Congress Inquiry Committee.
- Initially, the Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission thought option (b) was the correct answer, but then they took away the question in their revised answer key.
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36. Who was the Viceroy of India at the time of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919?
(a) Lord Chelmsford
(b) Lord Minto
(c) Lord Dalhousie
(d) Lord Canning
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (a) Lord Chelmsford
- Lord Chelmsford was the ruler of India when the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre happened in 1919.
- During his rule, some other important events were the passing of the Government of India law of 1919 (Montague-Chelmsford Reforms) which created two government systems in the Provinces; the passing of the Rowlatt Act (1919); the Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy
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37. Who was the Prime Minister of England when the Montague-Chelmsford Act was passed in 1919?
(a) Lloyd George
(b) George Hamilton
(c) Sir Samuel Hoare
(d) Lord Salisbury
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) Lloyd George
- David Lloyd George was in charge of England when the Montague-Chelmsford Act was approved in 1919.
- He was the Prime Minister of England from 1916 to 1922.
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Q 38. Which one of the following events, was characterized by Montague as ‘Preventive Murder’?
(a) Killing of INA activities
(b) Massacre of Jallianwala Bagh
(c) Shooting of the Mahatma
(d) Shooting of Curzon-Wythe
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (b) Massacre of Jallianwala Bagh
- Montague referred to the terrible killing of thousands of people at the Jallianwala Bagh in 1919, caused by General Dwyer’s shooting, as “Preventive Murder”.
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39. Which one of the following aroused a wave of popular indignation that led to the massacre by the British a Jallianwala Bagh?
(a) The Arms Act
(b) The Public Safety Act
(c) The Rowlatt Act
(d) The Vernacular Press Act
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (c) The Rowlatt Act
- The Government created a committee led by Justice Sydney Rowlatt to look into why people were unhappy and why revolutionary activities were happening.
- Based on the committee’s recommendation, the Rowlatt Act was passed in March 1919.
- This Act gave the Government the right to arrest anyone without giving a reason, search any place without a warrant, and put people in jail without a trial.
- People everywhere reacted in anger and called it the “Black Act”.
- There were strikes and public meetings across the country.
- In Amritsar, the arrest of Gandhiji and two other leaders caused even more outrage.
- On April 13, 1919, a peaceful gathering was held in Jallianwala Bagh.
- General Dwyer and his troops came in and started shooting without warning.
- The gate was closed so people couldn’t escape.
- In only 10 minutes, 1000 people were killed and 2000 were injured.
- The shooting stopped when they ran out of bullets.
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