1. Which of the following occurred last:
(a) Annexation Policy
(b) Partition of Bengal
(c) Permanent Settlement
(d) Subsidiary Alliance
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (b) Partition of Bengal
- Lord Cornwallis introduced the event of the Permanent Settlement of Bengal in 1793.
- Lord Wellesley developed the Subsidiary Alliance system of rulers in India from 1798-1805.
- Lord Dalhousie created the Doctrine of Lapse annexation policy when he was the Governor-General of the East India Company from 1848 to 1856.
- Lastly, Lord Curzon announced the partition of Bengal in July 1905.
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2. With reference to the Civil Administration in 1905, which of the statements is/are correct?
1. Lord Curzon decided to rearrange the provincial boundaries.
2. A new province was constituted, called East Bengal and Assam.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) Both 1 and 2
(c) 2 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (b) Both 1 and 2
- In 1905, Governor-General Lord Curzon split Bengal into two parts.
- The new province was called ‘East Bengal and Assam’ and was made up of the eastern part of Bengal.
- The western part of Bengal included the rest of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
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3. Anti partition movement of Bengal was initiated on:
(a) 20th July 1905
(b) 7th August 1905
(c) 16th October 1905
(d) 7th November 1905
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (b) 7th August 1905
- Lord Curzon issued an order to divide Bengal on July 20, 1905.
- The main purpose of this was to break apart the unity of the people living in Bengal.
- Lord Curzon split Bengal into two sections, with the western portion being the area with the majority of Hindus and the eastern portion having more Muslims.
- The division of Bengal was finalized on October 16, 1905.
- The first big demonstration against this was held in Calcutta’s Town Hall on August 7, 1905.
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4. The Declaration of Partition of Bengal was done on -:
(a) 19th July 1905
(b) 7th August 1905
(c) 15th August 1905
(d) 16th October 1905
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017]
Ans (a) 19th July 1905
- On July 19, 1905, the British Indian government declared that Bengal would be split into two parts.
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5. In the context of the Indian Freedom Struggle, 16th October 1905 is well-known for which one of the following reasons?
(a) The formal proclamation of the Swadeshi Movement was made in Calcutta town hall
(b) Partition of Bengal came into effect.
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji declared that the goal of the Indian National Congress was Swaraj.
(d) Lokmanya Tilak started Swadeshi Movement in Poona.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (b) Partition of Bengal came into effect.
- On 16th October, 1905, the British Indian government declared Bengal divided.
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6. Which movement started after the Partition of Bengal?
(a) Civil Disobedience
(b) Swadeshi Movement
(c) Quit India Movement
(d) Non-Cooperation Movement
[59th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (b) Swadeshi Movement
- On 16th October, 1905, the British Indian government officially separate the Bengal region into two parts. After the partition of Bengal Swadeshi Movement started.
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7. The Swadeshi Movement took place in India during -:
(a) the Champaran Satyagraha of Gandhiji
(b) the anti-Bengal partition agitation
(c) the protest against the Rowlatt Act
(d) the Non-Cooperation Movement
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017]
Ans (b) the anti-Bengal partition agitation
- On July 19th 1905, the British Indian government declared that Bengal would be divided.
- 16th October, 1905 after Bengal partition the anti-Bengal partition agitation started.
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8. Name the Viceroy of India concerned with the Bengal partition –
(a) Lord Hardinge
(b) Lord Curzon
(c) Lord Lytton
(d) Lord Minto
[42nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1997, Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (b) Lord Curzon
- Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India in 1899-1905, declared the splitting of Bengal on July 20, 1905, which took place on October 16, 1905.
- However, the decision to divide Bengal was put on hold during the Delhi Darbar.
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9. The Governor-General who partitioned Bengal?
(a) Curzon
(b) Canning
(c) Minto
(d) Mayo
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (a) Curzon
- On July 20, 1905, Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India at the time, said that Bengal would be split in two.
- This took effect on October 16, 1905.
- Later, the partition was stopped during the Delhi Darbar.
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10. The Lieutenant Governor of Bengal at the time of the Partition of Bengal was :
(a) Sir Andrew Fraser
(b) H.H. Risley
(c) Brodrick
(d) A.T. Arundel
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (a) Sir Andrew Fraser
- Sir Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser was an important official in India and was the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal from 1903 to 1908.
- He played a big part in deciding the Bengal partition.
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11. Who among the following led the agitation against the partition of Bengal (1905)?
(a) Surendranath Bannerjee
(b) C.R. Das
(c) Ashutosh Mukherjee
(d) Rabindranath Tagore
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (a) Surendranath Bannerjee
- Surendranath Banerjee organized a protest against the splitting of Bengal in 1905.
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12. Who among the following were the critics of the Swadeshi movement and pleaded for a better understanding between the East and the West?
(a) W.C. Banerjee
(b) S.N. Bannerjee
(c) R.N. Tagore
(d) B. G. Tilak
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (c) R.N. Tagore
- Tagore was both for and against European imperialism.
- He supported Indian nationalists, but was not in favour of the Swadeshi movement.
- He believed British rule of India was a reflection of the social issues within the country.
- He encouraged Indians to focus on educating themselves rather than blindly revolting.
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13. Who was the first to suggest the boycott of British goods in Bengal?
(a) Aurobindo Ghosh
(b) Krishna Kumar Mitra
(c) Motilal Ghosh
(d) Satish Chandra Mukherjee
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (b) Krishna Kumar Mitra
- Krishna Kumar Mitra was a leader in the Indian independence movement, a journalist, and a part of the Brahmo Samaj.
- He was strongly against the division of Bengal from 1905 to 1911.
- In his Nationalist Bengali weekly magazine Sanjibani, he expressed his views on the importance of freedom of the press.
- He also suggested boycotting British goods, government officials and organizations.
- His ideas were backed up during a meeting at Bagerhut in Khulna on the 16th of July, 1905.
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14. Boycott of British goods was adopted as a national policy in –
(a) 1899
(b) 1901
(c) 1903
(d) 1905
[U.P.R.O. /A.R.O. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (d) 1905
- Lord Curzon announced that Bengal would be split into two parts on July 20, 1905.
- In response, a meeting was held in Kolkata’s Townhall on August 7, 1905, where the Swadeshi Movement was declared.
- The participants voted to boycott British products, making it a national policy.
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15. Partition of Bengal was done mainly for :
(a) To divide the Hindu and Muslims
(b) For administrative convenience
(c) To weaken the growth of Nationalism in Bengal
(d) For the development of Bengal
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (c) To weaken the growth of Nationalism in Bengal
- Lord Curzon said that the Partition of Bengal was simply a reorganization of the administrative divisions.
- He believed that this would make the management of the two separate provinces better.
- His real goal was to stop the Bengali Nationalism that was becoming more powerful.
- At that time, Bengal was seen as a key part of Indian Nationalism.
- So, Curzon chose to divide the more politically aware population into two separate areas.
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16. The following programs were launched by the nationalist against the partition of Bengal :
1. Boycott
2. Swadeshi
3. Non-co-operation
4. National Education
Select the correct answer :
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 3, and 4
(d) 1, 2 and 4
(e) None of these
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (d) 1, 2 and 4
- In 1905, Bengal was divided, which caused the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement.
- The Boycott Movement was to stop using foreign goods, and the Swadeshi Movement was to use more goods from India.
- This movement included everyone, even children, students, and women.
- As a result, the British had to reverse the partition of Bengal.
- This movement also started many industries, stores, and encouraged national education and Indian languages.
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17. Which movement was started as a reaction to the Partition of Bengal?
(a) Non-Cooperation Movement
(b) Civil Disobedience Movement
(c) Swadeshi Movement
(d) Purna Swaraj Movement
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans (c) Swadeshi Movement
- In 1905, Bengal was split into two parts, leading to the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement.
- To boycott foreign products, people began using Swadeshi or local goods.
- This idea was followed by all sections of society, including women, children, college students, etc.
- As a result, the British government had to reverse the partition of Bengal.
- The Boycott and Swadeshi Movements also led to the establishment of local industries such as textile mills, banks, chemical works and insurance companies.
- In addition, Swadeshi Stores were opened and national education and Indian languages were promoted.
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18. With reference to the Swadeshi Movement, consider the following statements :
1. It contributed to the revival of indigenous artisan crafts and industries.
2. The National Council of Education was established as a part of the Swadeshi Movement.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (c) Both 1 and 2
- The Swadeshi Movement worked together with the ‘Boycott’ Movement to reject foreign goods and use more ‘Swadeshi’ or local goods.
- This helped revive local artisans, crafts, and industries, as well as set up Swadeshi stores.
- It also encouraged national education and the use of Indian languages, and created the National Council of Education.
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19. The ‘Swadeshi’ and Boycott were adopted as methods of the struggle for the first time during the
(a) agitation against the Partition of Bengal
(b) Home Rule Movement
(c) Non-Cooperation Movement
(d) visit of the Simon Commission to India
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) agitation against the Partition of Bengal
- The Swadeshi Boycott was a new form of protest used for the first time in the fight against the separation of Bengal.
- This economic technique was used to target the British Empire for Lord Curzon’s decision to divide Bengal on October 16, 1905.
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20. What was the immediate cause for the launch of the Swadeshi Movement?
(a) The partition of Bengal done by Lord Curzon
(b) A sentence of 18 months rigorous imprisonment imposed on Lokmanya Tilak
(c) The arrest and deportation of Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh; and the passing of the Punjab Colonization Bill
(d) Death sentence pronounced on the Chapekar brothers
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) The partition of Bengal done by Lord Curzon
- The result of the dividing of Bengal was the Swadeshi Movement, which was proposed by Aurobindo Ghosh, Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Lala Lajpat Rai.
- They wanted to spread this movement throughout India, but the Moderates were against it.
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21. Bengal was partitioned in 1905, but due to opposition it was again divided in –
(a) 1906
(b) 1916
(c) 1911
(d) 1909
[46th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) 1911
- On December 12, 1911, King George V and Queen Mary received a special welcome when they arrived at the Delhi Durbar.
- They were presented to a group of Indian leaders and rulers as the Emperor and Empress of India.
- During the ceremony, King George canceled the separation of Bengal and declared that the Indian capital would be moved from Calcutta to Delhi.
- He also restructured Bengal into a new province, and separated Orissa and Bihar.
- Additionally, Assam became a new part of India, and the district of Sylhet was combined with it.
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22. In which year partition of Bengal made by Lord Curzon was canceled?
(a) 1911
(b) 1904
(c) 1906
(d) 1907
[48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1993, U.P. P.C.S (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (a) 1911
- A special celebration was held when King George V and Queen Mary arrived in Delhi in 1911.
- On this day, they were presented to the Indian leaders and royalty as the Emperor and Empress of India.
- During the celebration, King George ended the division of Bengal and announced that the capital of India would move from Calcutta to Delhi.
- Bengal was then restructured as a new province and Orissa and Bihar were removed from it.
- Additionally, Assam was made into a new part of India and the Sylhet district of Assam was combined with it.
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23. When was Bengal reunited due to the protests by Indians?
(a) 1905
(b) 1911
(c) 1947
(d) 1971
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) 1905
- On December 12, 1911, a special ceremony was held when King George V and Queen Mary arrived in Delhi.
- They were introduced to Indian officials and rulers as the Emperor and Empress of India.
- At the same time, the King got rid of the division of Bengal, and announced that the Indian capital would be moved from Calcutta to Delhi.
- As a result, Bengal was reorganized into a new province, with Orissa and Bihar being separated from it.
- Assam was also joined with it, with the district of Sylhet being included.
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24. The Partition of Bengal made by Lord Curzon in 1905 lasted until –
(a) The First World War, when Indian troops were needed by the British and the partition, was ended
(b) King George V abrogated Curzon’s Act at the Royal Durbar in Delhi in 1911
(c) Gandhi launched his Civil Disobedience Movement
(d) The Partition of India in 1947 when East Bengal became East Pakistan
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (b) King George V abrogated Curzon’s Act at the Royal Durbar in Delhi in 1911
- In 1911, a special ceremony was held when King George V and Queen Mary arrived in Delhi.
- They were presented to Indian leaders and rulers as the Emperor and Empress of India.
- On this day, the King announced that Bengal would become one province again and the capital of India would be moved from Calcutta to Delhi.
- As a result, Orissa and Bihar were separated from Bengal and Assam was made a new part of India.
- The district of Sylhet was added to Assam.
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25. Who was the leader of the Swadeshi Movement in Madras?
(a) Srinivas Shastri
(b) Rajagopalachari
(c) Chidambaram Pillai
(d) Chintamani
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Chidambaram Pillai
- In 1911, a special welcome was held when King George V and Queen Mary arrived in Delhi.
- At this event, the British announced that the partition of Bengal was abolished, and that the capital of India would be moved from Calcutta to Delhi.
- As a result of this, Bengal became a new province, with Bihar and Odisha being separated from it.
- Additionally, the district of Sylhet in Assam was also combined with it.
- Chidambaram Pillai was the leader of the Swadeshi Movement in Madras.
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26. Who among the following led the Swadeshi Movement in Delhi?
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(b) Ajit Singh
(c) Lajpat Rai
(d) Syed Haidar Raja
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (d) Syed Haidar Raja
- In 1911, a special ceremony was held to welcome King George V and Queen Mary to India.
- During this event, the King announced the end of the partition of Bengal and the relocation of the Indian capital from Calcutta to Delhi.
- As a result, Bengal was reorganised, and the states of Orissa and Bihar were separated from it.
- Additionally, Assam was made a new part of India, with the district of Sylhet included.
- This event marked the beginning of the Swadeshi Movement, which was created to oppose the British decision on the partition of Bengal.
- Syed Haidar Raja led the Swadeshi Movement in Delhi.
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27. Which of the following classes was mainly unaffected by the Swadeshi Movement of 1905?
(i) Women
(ii) Farmers
(iii) Muslim
(iv) Intellectuals
Select your answer to the following codes –
(a) i and ii
(b) i, ii and iii
(c) ii and iii
(d) i and ii
[40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (c) ii and iii
- On July 20, 1905, Curzon ordered the splitting of Bengal.
- On August 7, 1905, a major demonstration was held at the Town Hall in Calcutta, which was called the ‘Swadeshi Movement’.
- People began to oppose the British government and boycott foreign products.
- Women participated in large numbers in this Movement.
- Aswani Kumar Dutt started a committee called the ‘Swadesh Bandha’s Society’ in order to gain public support.
- Lala Lajpat Rai and Aurobindo Ghosh were the main leaders of this Movement.
- However, farmers and Muslims didn’t join in this Movement.
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28. Vande Mataram became the theme song of the Indian National Movement during –
(a) Swadeshi Movement
(b) Champaran Movement
(c) Anti-movement of Rowlatt Act
(d) Non-cooperation movement
[U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (a) Swadeshi Movement
- On the day of the partition in 1905, the Swadeshi Movement declared it a day of mourning in Bengal.
- People did not light their fires in their homes and tied rakhis on each other’s wrists as a symbol of brotherhood.
- Most of the offices in Calcutta were shut down and some jute mills and railway workshops went on strike.
- The streets were filled with the sound of the National Song of Bengal, “Vande Mataram”, which later became the Theme Song of the National Movement.
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29. With reference to the period of the extremist nationalist movement in India with its spirit of Swadeshi, which one of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Liyakat Hussain led the Muslim peasants of Barisal in their agitations
(b) In 1889, the scheme of national education was formulated by Satish Chandra Mukherjee
(c) The Bengal National College was founded in 1906 with Aurobindo as the Principle
(d) Tagore preached the cult of Atmasakti, the main plank of which was the social and economic regeneration of the
villages
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (a) Liyakat Hussain led the Muslim peasants of Barisal in their agitations
- Statement (a) is wrong.
- Liyakat Hussian was not the one to lead the Muslim farmers in Barisal in their protests.
- It was Ashwani Kumar Dutta who took charge.
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30. Which of the statement is not correct regarding the ‘Swadeshi Movement’?
(a) Some specific Muslims were joined in it.
(b) Women’s actively participated in this movement
(c) Neither this movement affected Bengal farmers nor they were joined
(d) It was limited to Bengal.
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (d) It was limited to Bengal.
- Only certain Muslims were impacted by the Swadeshi Movement.
- Women also took part for the first time, going out in the streets and joining protests.
- However, the farmers of Bengal were not involved, except in Barisal.
- The Movement mainly impacted those of higher and middle class status.
- The Swadeshi Movement was not limited to Bengal, but was spread throughout India by leaders such as Lala Lajpat Rai, Tilak and Arvindo Ghosh. Therefore, option (d) is incorrect.
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31. The British journalist H.W. Nevinson was associated with:
(a) Non-Co-operation Movement
(b) Civil Disobedience Movement
(c) Swadeshi Movement
(d) Quit India Movement
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (c) Swadeshi Movement
- Henry Woodd Nevinson was a British journalist and was related to the Swadeshi Movement in India.
- He was asked to travel around India and find out why people were not happy and to report back what leading Indian people and officials thought.
- He travelled around India for four months and wrote articles for the Manchester Guardian, Glasgow Herald, and Daily Chronicle.
- He then put these articles together into a book called ‘The New Spirit in India’.
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32. Who among the following had founded the ‘Indian Society of Oriental Art’ to revive ancient art traditions of India?
(a) Abanindranath Tagore
(b) Nand Lal Bose
(c) Asit Kumar Haldar
(d) Amrita Shergill
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (a) Abanindranath Tagore
- Abanindranath Tagore was the first Indian artist to be known all over the world.
- He set up the Indian Society of Oriental Art.
- His grandpa and brother were also painters.
- Abanindranath was a big supporter of Indian values in art and helped revitalize the Indian School of Art.
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