1. The city of Jaunpur was founded in the memory of :
(a) Ghiyasuddin Tughluq
(b) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
(c) Firuz Shah Tughluq
(d) Akbar
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2004, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2003, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
- Firuz Shah Tughluq, the ruler of Delhi, created 300 new cities including Fatehabad, Hisar, Firozpur, and Jaunpur.
- He named these cities after his cousin, Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq (also known as Jauna Khan).
- Firuz Shah Tughluq made Malik Sarwar, a eunuch and his daughter’s lover, the governor of the region.
- This caused a power struggle and Malik Sarwar declared independence.
- He and his adopted son Mubarak Shah then founded the Sharqi dynasty.
- Jaunpur was independent for 85 years until it was taken over by Bahlul Lodi in 1479.
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2. Who established Jaunpur?
(a) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
(b) Firuz Shah Tughluq
(c) Ibrahim Shah Sharqi
(d) Sikandar Lodi
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (b) Firuz Shah Tughluq
- Firuz Shah Tughluq constructed 300 new cities.
- He named 5 cities – Fatehabad, Hisar, Firozpur, Hisar, and Jaunpur – after his cousin Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq, who was called Jauna Khan.
- He appointed Malik Sarwar, his daughter’s lover, as the governor of the region.
- This caused chaos and Malik Sarwar declared himself independent and created the Sharqi dynasty.
- Jaunpur was independent for 85 years until Bahlul Lodi defeated its last emperor Hussain Shah and took back control of Jaunpur in 1479.
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3. Which one of the following places was known as ‘Shiraz of East’ during the regime of Sharqi Rulers?
(a) Agra
(b) Delhi
(c) Jaunpur
(d) Varanasi
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (c) Jaunpur
- Ibrahim Shah, a ruler from the Sharqi Dynasty, was responsible for Jaunpur reaching its peak between 1402 and 1440 AD.
- He built some landmarks in a style of architecture known as Sharqi architecture, which made Jaunpur known as the ‘Shiraz of India’ at that time.
- Examples of this style are the Atala Masjid, Lal Darwaza Masjid, and Jama Masjid.
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4. Which one of the following places was called the “Shiraz of India”?
(a) Agra
(b) Allahabad
(c) Jaunpur
(d) Lucknow
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]
Ans. (c) Jaunpur
- During the rule of Ibrahim Shah (1402-1440 AD) of the Sharqi Dynasty, Jaunpur was at its peak.
- He built many buildings in a style of architecture known as Sharqi architecture.
- During this period, Jaunpur was known as the Shiraz of India.
- The most famous buildings in Jaunpur built in the Sharqi style are the Atala Masjid, Lal Darwaza Masjid, and Jama Masjid.
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5. Who was the last ruler of the ‘Jaunpur’ state?
(a) Mohammad Shah
(b) Hussain Shah
(c) Mubarak Shah
(d) Ibrahim Shah
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (b) Hussain Shah
- In the 14th century, Sultan Firuz Shah Tughluq created Jaunpur City and named it after his cousin, Muhammad Bin Tughluq, who was known as Jauna Khan.
- In 1394, Malik Sarwar established a separate kingdom of Jaunpur.
- Later, Hussain Shah was the last ruler of Jaunpur and was defeated by Bahlul Lodi.
- Jaunpur is known as the ‘Shiraz-i-Hind’.
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6. The ruler of Kashmir who was also known as “Akbar of Kashmir’ was-
(a) Shamshuddin Shah
(b) Sikandar Butshikan
(c) Haidar Shah
(d) Zain-ul-Abidin
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (d) Zain-ul-Abidin
- In 1420, Shahi Khan (Zain-ul-Abidin), who was Ali Shah’s brother, became the ruler of Kashmir.
- He was a great king, known for being tolerant of different religions and for his public welfare activities.
- He got rid of the Jizya tax on Hindus and stopped cow slaughter, which no other ruler had done before.
- During his rule, Mahabharata, Dashavatara, and Raj Tarangini were translated into the Persian language.
- He was likened to Akbar because of his religious tolerance.
- The books ‘Jain Prakash’ and Jain-Vilas’ were written during his reign, and he also built an artificial island called Zaina Lanka in the middle of Wular Lake.
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7. What was the real name of Zain-ul-Abidin, the ruler of Kashmir?
(a) Alishah
(b) Hasan Shah
(c) Haider Shah
(d) Shahi Khan
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (d) Shahi Khan
- Zain-ul-Abidin was a very respected king of Kashmir who ruled from 1420 to 1470 AD.
- He was so popular that he was known as the Akbar of Kashmir.
- Jonaraja wrote about the first 35 years of his reign in the Rajatarangini Dvitiya.
- His early reign was known as Shahi Khan.
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8. Which among the following Rulers abolished Jizya the first time?
(a) Zain-ul-Abidin
(b) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
(c) Hussain Shah Sharqi
(d) Akbar
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (a) Zain-ul-Abidin
- Zain-ul-Abidin was a beloved ruler in Kashmir’s past.
- He was in charge from 1420-1470 and was so loved by his people that he was nicknamed the ‘Akbar of Kashmir’.
- The first 35 years of his control are written about in the Rajatarangini Dvitiya by Jonaraja.
- At first, he was known as Shahi Khan.
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9. Consider the following statements: The striking feature of the Jama Masjid in Kashmir completed by Zain-ul-Abidin include(s) :
1. Turret
2. Similarity with Buddhist pagodas
3. Persian style
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 alone
(b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) 1, 2 and 3
- Sikandar Butshikan constructed the Jama Masjid in Kashmir in 1400 AD, and Zain-ul-Abidin later expanded it.
- This mosque has a turret, looks like a Buddhist pagoda, and has a Persian design.
- Therefore, option (b) is the right answer.
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10. Who amongst the following scholars was not in the Court of Kumbha?
(a) Muni Sunder Suri
(b) Natha
(c) Tilla Bhatt
(d) Muni Jin Vijay Suri
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) Muni Jin Vijay Suri
- Muni Sunder Suri, Natha, and Tilla Bhatt were three scholars who worked for King Kumbha, while Muni Jin Vijay Suri was employed by the Mughal emperor Akbar.
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11. Consider the following pairs :
Medieval Indian State Present Region
1. Champaka – Central India
2. Durgara – Jammu
3. Kuluta – Malabar
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 3 only
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (b) 2 only
- The Indian states from medieval times such as Champaka and Kuluta were related to present-day Himachal Pradesh.
- Durgara was located in Jammu. Champaka, Durgara, and Kuluta were connected to the Rajputs of the old Punjab region.
- These three states were formed as a result of the power struggle between the Pal, Pratihara, and Rashtrakuta dynasties.
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12. Bahmani State was established by –
(a) Alauddin Hasan
(b) Ali Abid Shah
(c) Hussain Nizam Shah
(d) Mujahid Shah
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (a) Alauddin Hasan
- Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah (also known as Hasan Gangu) started the Brahmana Empire in 1347 and set Gulbarga as the capital, which he named Ahsanabad.
- He divided his realm into four parts (Gulbarga, Daulatabad, Berar, and Bidar), with Gulbarga being the most important.
- He took over many Hindu rulers in the south and gave power and lands to his own followers.
- He also got rid of the tax on Hindus known as Jizya.
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13. The Bahmani Kingdom was founded in the year
(a) 1336
(b) 1338
(c) 1347
(d) 1361
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]
Ans. (c) 1347
- Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah (Zafar Khan), also known as Hasan Gangu, founded the Brahmana empire in 1347.
- He chose Gulbarga as its capital city and renamed it Ahsanabad.
- He split the empire into four parts:
- Gulbarga
- Daulatabad
- Berar
- Bidar
- Gulbarga was the most important area of the state.
- He took over the lands of southern Hindu rulers and gave authority and land grants to their supporters.
- He also canceled the Jizya tax on Hindus.
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14. Which of the following was the first capital of the Bahamani Kingdom?
(a) Bidar
(b) Gulbarga
(c) Daulatabad
(d) Hussainabad
(e) None of these
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (b) Gulbarga
- Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah (Zafar Khan), also known as Hasan Gangu, founded the Brahmana Empire in 1347.
- He chose Gulbarga as the capital, which was called Ahsanabad.
- He split his empire into four parts:
- Gulbarga
- Daulatabad
- Berar
- Bidar
- Gulbarga being the most important
- He conquered Hindu rulers in the south and began giving authority and Jagirs to their supporters.
- He also canceled the tax on Hindus known as Jizya.
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15. Who among the following was the founder of the Bahamani Kingdom in Deccan :
(a) Malik Ambar
(b) Hasan Gangu
(c) Muhammad Diwan
(d) Sikandar Shah
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (b) Hasan Gangu
- Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah (Zafar Khan), also known as Hasan Gangu, founded the Brahmana empire in 1347.
- He chose Gulbarga as the capital of his empire and renamed it Ahsanabad.
- He divided his empire into four districts:
- Gulbarga
- Daulatabad
- Berar
- Bidar
- Gulbarga was the most important area of his kingdom.
- He conquered several southern Hindu rulers, giving positions and grants to their followers.
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16. Bahmani kingdom was founded in –
(a) 15th century A.D.
(b) 14th century A.D.
(c) 13th century A.D.
(d) 16th century A.D.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) 14th century A.D.
- Alauddin Hasan established the Bahmani Kingdom in the 14th century (1347 A.D.).
- The kingdom was located in the northern part of Deccan, near the Krishna River.
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17. Who was the founder of the Bahamani Kingdom?
(a) Alauddin Hasan
(b) Firuz Shah
(c) Mahmud Gaonwa
(d) Asaf Khan
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) Alauddin Hasan
- Alauddin Hasan Gangu started the Bahamani Kingdom after rebelling against the Delhi Sultanate.
- In 1347, the newly powerful nobles were able to overthrow Muhammad Tughluq and form the Bahamani dynasty.
- After being crowned, Alauddin Hasan adopted the name ‘Abul Hasan Mujaffar Alauddin Bahman Shah’.
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18. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below :
List- I List- II
A. Adil Shahi |
1. Ahmednagar |
B. Qutb Shahi |
2. Bijapur |
C. Nizam Shahi |
3. Golconda |
D. Sharqi Shahi |
4. Jaunpur |
Code:
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 2 3 1 4
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (d) 2 3 1 4
- The correctly matched order is :
Dynasty |
City |
A. Adil Shahi |
Bijapur |
B. Qutb Shahi |
Golconda |
C. Nizam Shahi |
Ahmednagar |
D. Sharqi Shahi |
Jaunpur |
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19. Which one of the following Muslim rulers was hailed as the ‘Jagadguru’ by his Muslim subject because of his belief in secularism?
(a) Hussain Shah
(b) Zain-ul -Abidin
(c) Ibrahim Adil Shah
(d) Mahmud II
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (c) Ibrahim Adil Shah
- Ibrahim Adil Shah-II was the ruler of the Sultanate of Bijapur during its greatest period.
- He was a great leader, artist, and poet, and supported art.
- He went back to the Sunni sect of Islam but was still tolerant of other religions.
- He was also known as Jagadguru Badshah.
- He made a new town called Navraspur to make his idea of a musical city a reality.
- He also built a temple inside the palace that still exists today.
- He wrote a book called Kitab-i-Navras in Dakhani.
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20. Who among the following was the author of the book ‘Kitab-i-Nauras’?
(a) Ibrahim Adil Shah II
(b) Ali Adil Shah
(c) Quli Qutab Shah
(d) Akbar II
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (a) Ibrahim Adil Shah II
- Ibrahim Adil Shah II was the king of the Bijapur Kingdom.
- He wrote a book called ‘Kitab-i-Nauras’ in the Deccani language.
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21. How did the dynasty of Nizam Shahi of Ahmadnagar come to an end?
(a) Ahmadnagar was annexed to the Mughal empire and Hussain Shah was consigned to life imprisonment
(b) Mughal troops destroyed Daulatabad fort and killed Nizam-ul-Mulk of Ahmadnagar
(c) Fateh Khan usurped the throne from Nizam-ul-Mulk
(d) Malik Ambar was defeated in a battle with the Mughals in 1631 and the entire royal family was killed by the Mughal troops
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (a) Ahmadnagar was annexed to the Mughal empire and Hussain Shah was consigned to life imprisonment
- Ahmad Nizam Shah founded the Ahmadnagar Kingdom.
- Shahjahan then conquered and annexed it in 1632.
- To win the Daulatabad fort, Shahjahan sent an army with Mahawat Khan and gave Fateh Khan 10.5 lakhs as a bribe.
- After that, Hussain Nizam Shah was locked up in Gwalior Fort forever.
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22. Name the pair which is not correctly matched:
(a) Baz Bahadur – Malwa
(b) Qutb Shah – Golconda
(c) Sultan Muzaff ar Shah – Gujarat
(d) Yusuf Adil Shah – Ahmadnagar
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (d) Yusuf Adil Shah – Ahmadnagar
- Option (d) does not match correctly.
- Yusuf Adil Shah ruled Bijapur and not Ahmadnagar.
- The other options are correct.
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23. What is Golconda called at present :
(a) Hyderabad
(b) Karnataka
(c) Bijapur
(d) Banglore
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (a) Hyderabad
- Golconda, once the capital of the Bahmani kingdom, is located 7 miles west of Hyderabad.
- It was previously ruled by the Yadavas of Devagiri and the Kakatiyas of Warangal.
- Later, Aurangzeb conquered it and put an end to the Qutb Shahi dynasty.
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24. Which one of the following is correctly matched?
(a) Kakatiya : Devgiri
(b) Hoysala : Dwarasamudra
(c) Yadava : Warangal
(d) Pandya: Madurai
[U.P. Lower Sub (Pre) 2008, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003]
Ans. (b) Hoysala : Dwarasamudra
- Dwarasamudra was the city ruled by the Hoysala, Warangal was controlled by the Kakatiya, the Yadava dynasty had Devgiri, and Pandya had Korkai.
- Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.
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25. “Dwarasamudra’ was the capital of which dynastic power?
(a) Ganga
(b) Kakatiya
(c) Hoysala
(d) Kadamba
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (c) Hoysala
- The city of Dwarasamudra (which is now known as Halebidu) was the center of the Hoysala Dynasty in 1121 AD.
- This dynasty was started by Nripa Kama-II, who was in power under the rule of King Vishnuvardhana.
- This time was an important part of history for the growth of art and religion in Southern India.
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26. Hoysala monuments are found in :
(a) Hampi and Hospet
(b) Halebid and Belur
(c) Mysore and Bangalore
(d) Sringeri and Dharwar
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (b) Halebid and Belur
- The Hoysala Empire was a powerful kingdom in Southern India that had control of the area now known as the Karnataka state between the 10th and 14th centuries.
- The main town was Belur, then it was changed to Halebid.
- The Hoysaleswara temple in Halebid was built to honor Shiva and Jain temples were built to please the Jain population.
- Buildings created during this time show the Hoysala style of architecture including the Chennakeshava temple in Belur.
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27. What is the modern name of Hoysaleswara ancient capital of Dwarasamudra?
(a) Sringeri
(b) Belur
(c) Halebid
(d) Somnathpur
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003]
Ans. (c) Halebid
- The Hoysala dynasty’s main city was Dwarasamudra, which is now in Halebid.
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28. Which one of the following monuments has a dome which is said to be one of the largest in the world?
(a) Tomb of Sher Shah, Sasaram
(b) Jama Masjid, Delhi
(c) Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughluq, Delhi
(d) Gol Gumbad, Bijapur
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (d) Gol Gumbad, Bijapur
- Adil Shah of Bijapur built Gol Gumbad, which is thought to have the biggest dome in the world.
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29. Match the following monuments with their concerned ruler and select the correct codes given below :
A. Double Dome |
i. Sher Shah |
B. Octagonal Tomb |
ii. Muhammad Adil Shah |
C. True Arch Tomb |
iii. Balban |
D. Gol Gumbad |
iv. Sikandar Lodi |
Code :
A B C D
(a) iv iii i ii
(b) iv i iii ii
(c) i iii iv ii
(d) ii iii i iv
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (b) iv i iii ii
-
Monuments |
Rulers |
A. Double Dome |
Sikandar Lodi |
B. Octagonal Tomb |
Sher Shah |
C. True Arch Tomb |
Balban |
D. Gol Gumbad |
Muhammad Adil Shah |
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30. Who built the Gujari Mahal?
(a) Suraj Sen
(b) Man Singh
(c) Tej Karan
(d) Akbar
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) Man Singh
- Raja Man Singh Tomar built the Gujari Mahal in 1510 AD.
- It is a very special type of building.
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31. Who were the Polygars of South India?
(a) Ordinary Zamindars
(b) Mahajans
(c) Territorial Administrative and Military Governors
(d) Newly enriched traders
[U.P.P.C.S. (Re. Exam) (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) Territorial Administrative and Military Governors
- The Palayakarar or Polygar was a title given to a group of people who were in charge of the military and administration of certain areas in South India during the 16th to 18th centuries.
- This title was given by the rulers of the Vijayanagara Empire, Madurai Nayaks, and the Kakatiya dynasty.
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