1. Which is/are the correct reasons for Maratha’s Rise?
(a) Religious Consciousness
(b) Geographical Security
(c) Political awakening
(d) High quality of leadership
(e) all of the above
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (e) all of the above
- The Marathas’ rise was due to the unity and spirit of the people living in the area, as well as the geographical conditions of Maharashtra.
- The strong leadership of figures like Shivaji also helped fuel the growth of Maratha power.
- All of these factors combined created the perfect conditions for the Marathas’ rise.
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2. Shivaji defeated the Mughals in the battle of-
(a) Purandar
(b) Raigarh
(c) Salher
(d) Shivner
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]
Ans. (c) Salher
- Shivaji won the fight against the Mughals at Salher in 1672.
- He was born in 1627 or 1630 in Shivner Fort and was crowned “Chhatrapati” in 1674.
- He passed away in 1680 at the age of either 50 or 53.
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3. When was Shivaji born and when did he assume the title of Chhatrapati?
(a) 1626, 1675
(b) 1625, 1671
(c) 1627, 1661
(d) 1627, 1674
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (d) 1627, 1674
- Shivaji won the Salher battle against the Mughals in 1672.
- He was born in 1627 or 1630 at Shivner Fort and was crowned the title of “Chhatrapati” in 1674.
- He died when he was either 50 or 53 years old in 1680
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4. Who was the commander who was sent by the Sultan of Bijapur for the repression of Shivaji in 1659?
(a) Inayat Khan
(b) Afzal Khan
(c) Shaista Khan
(d) Sayyid Banda
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) Afzal Khan
- In 1659, the Bijapur sultan sent a trusted leader named Afzal Khan to fight against Shivaji.
- However, Shivaji was clever and managed to kill him.
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5. Arrange the following events related to Chhatrapati Shivaji in chronological order and select the correct answer from the code given below.
I. The victory on the Fort of Chakan
II. The episode of Afzal Khan
III. Start of clash with the Mughals
IV. Attack and sack of Surat.
Code:
(a) I, III, II, IV
(b) I, II, III, IV
(c) II, IV, III, I
(d) II, III, I, IV
[U.P.R.O./ A.R.O. (Mains) 2016]
Ans (a) I, III, II, IV
- This is the timeline of events: The Afzal Khan episode happened in 1659, fighting with Mughals began in 1657, they won the battle of Fort Chakan in 1648, and Surat was attacked and looted in 1664.
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6. In which city was Shivaji in captivity when he escaped from the custody of the Mughals?
(a) Gwalior
(b) Agra
(c) Delhi
(d) Kanpur
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (b) Agra
- Shivaji was held prisoner in the Jaipur Bhawan at Agra by Aurangzeb in 1666.
- He was able to escape from the Mughal’s custody. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.
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7. Where was the capital of Shivaji?
(a) Raigarh
(b) Satara
(c) Purandar
(d) Tanjore
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (a) Raigarh
- In 1674, Shivaji was given the title of Chhatrapati and made Raigarh his capital.
- Ganga Bhatt, a famous scholar from Banaras, crowned him and declared him a Kshatriya.
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8. Where was the capital of Shivaji?
(a) Raigarh
(b) Sindhudurg
(c) Poona
(d) Kolhapur
[56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (a) Raigarh
- In 1674, Shivaji was crowned as the ‘Chhatrapati’ and established Raigarh as his capital.
- Ganga Bhatt, a famous scholar from Banaras, performed the coronation and declared him as a Kshatriya
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9. Which of the following coins was NOT a silver coin in the Kingdom of Chhatrapati Shivaji?
(a) Rupaya
(b) Lari
(c) Taka
(d) Ruka
[U.P.R.O./ A.R.O. (Mains) 2016]
Ans (d) Ruka
- During the time of Chhatrapati Shivaji, Lari, Rupaya and Taka were silver coins, and Ruka was a coin used in the Kakatiya dynasty.
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10. Where was Shivaji formally crowned as Chhatrapati?
(a) Pune
(b) Kolhapur
(c) Raigarh
(d) Ahmednagar
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (c) Raigarh
- Shivaji Bhonsle, also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji, was given the title of Chattrapati in 1674 at Raigarh.
- The ceremony was conducted by Vishweshwar, also known as Ganga
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11. What was the name of Shivaji’s Guru?
(a) Ramdas
(b) Tukaram
(c) Vaman Pandit
(d) Gaga Bhatt
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) Ramdas
- Samarth Ramdas was the teacher of Shivaji and he is remembered for his book ‘Daasbodh’ which is based on Advaita Vedanta.
- He wrote a poem called ‘Shivastuti’ which was in honour of King Shivaji
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12. Who established Ashta Pradhan?
(a) Chandragupta
(b) Ashoka
(c) Harshavardhana
(d) Shivaji
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (d) Shivaji
- Samarth Ramdas was the teacher and spiritual advisor of Shivaji.
- He is well-known for his religious book ‘Daasbodh’ and a poem he wrote about Shivaji called ‘Shivastuti.’
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13. Ashtapradhan was a Council of Ministers :
(a) In the Gupta administration
(b) In the Chola administration
(c) In the Vijayanagara administration
(d) In the Maratha administration
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013, I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (d) In the Maratha administration
| Shivaji created a group of eight important people in the Maratha government, called Ashtapradhan. These eight people were known as the Peshwa, Pandit Rao, Sumant, Amatya, Mantri, Sachiv, Senapati, Nyayadhish
(i) Peshwa- Prime Minister of King
(ii) Amatya or Mazumdar- Finance and Revenue Minister
(iii) Wakianavis/Mantri- Interior minister, managing internal affairs, especially intelligence, and espionage.
(iv) Sachiv/Surnavis-Responsible for all correspondence.
(v) Sumant/Dabir- Foreign Minister
(vi) Senapati/Sar-i-Naubat – Maintainance of appointments, organization, and food supply of the military.
(vii) Pandit Rao- High Priest
(viii) Nyaydhish- Chief Justice |
14. ‘Ashta Pradhan’ was helping in the Administration of which ruler?
(a) Babur
(b) Akbar
(c) Aurangzeb
(d) Shivaji
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020]
Ans (d) Shivaji
| Shivaji set up a group of eight people, called Ashtapradhan, to help him with the Maratha government. These eight ministers were called the Peshwa, Pandit Rao, Sumant, Amatya, Mantri, Sachiv, Senapati, Nyayadhish.
(i) Peshwa- Prime Minister of King
(ii) Amatya or Mazumdar- Finance and Revenue Minister
(iii) Wakianavis/Mantri- Interior minister, managing internal affairs, especially intelligence, and espionage.
(iv) Sachiv/Surnavis-Responsible for all correspondence.
(v) Sumant/Dabir- Foreign Minister
(vi) Senapati/Sar-i-Naubat – Maintainance of appointments, organization, and food supply of the military.
(vii) Pandit Rao- High Priest
(viii) Nyaydhish- Chief Justice |
15. The following were the officers in the ‘Ashtapradhan’ of Shivaji:
1. Mazumdar
2. Dabir
3. Waknis
4. Surnis
Select the correct answer :
(a) 1, 2, 3
(b) 2, 3, 4
(c) 1, 2, 4
(d) 1, 3, 4
(e) 1,2,3,4
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (e) 1,2,3,4
| Shivaji set up a group of eight officials called the Ashtapradhan to help him run his Maratha government. They were called the Peshwa, Pandit Rao, Sumant, Amatya, Mantri, Sachiv, Senapati, Nyayadhish
(i) Peshwa- Prime Minister of King
(ii) Amatya or Mazumdar- Finance and Revenue Minister
(iii) Wakianavis/Mantri- Interior minister, managing internal affairs, especially intelligence, and espionage.
(iv) Sachiv/Surnavis-Responsible for all correspondence.
(v) Sumant/Dabir- Foreign Minister
(vi) Senapati/Sar-i-Naubat – Maintainance of appointments, organization, and food supply of the military.
(vii) Pandit Rao- High Priest
(viii) Nyaydhish- Chief Justice |
16. At the time of Shivaji, the post of ‘Sarnobat’ was related with –
(a) Financial administration
(b) Judicial Administration
(c) Local administration
(d) Military administration
[U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014]
Ans. (d) Military administration
- Shivaji created a group of eight people called Ashtapradhan to lead the Maratha government.
- These eight people were called the Peshwa, Pandit Rao, Sumant, Amatya, Mantri, Sachiv, Senapati, Nyayadhish
- (i) Peshwa- Prime Minister of King
(ii) Amatya or Mazumdar- Finance and Revenue Minister
(iii) Wakianavis/Mantri- Interior minister, managing internal affairs, especially intelligence, and espionage.
(iv) Sachiv/Surnavis-Responsible for all correspondence.
(v) Sumant/Dabir- Foreign Minister
(vi) Senapati/Sar-i-Naubat – Maintainance of appointments, organization, and food supply of the military.
(vii) Pandit Rao- High Priest
(viii) Nyaydhish- Chief Justice
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17. The member of Shivaji’s Ashtapradhan who looked after foreign affairs was:
(a) Peshwa
(b) Sachiv
(c) Pandit Rao
(d) Sumant
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (d) Sumant
| R Shivaji created a group of eight people called ‘Ashtapradhan’ to help him lead the Maratha government. The eight people were the Peshwa, Pandit Rao, Sumant, Amatya, Mantri, Sachiv, Senapati, Nyayadhish
(i) Peshwa- Prime Minister of King
(ii) Amatya or Mazumdar- Finance and Revenue Minister
(iii) Wakianavis/Mantri- Interior minister, managing internal affairs, especially intelligence, and espionage.
(iv) Sachiv/Surnavis-Responsible for all correspondence.
(v) Sumant/Dabir- Foreign Minister
(vi) Senapati/Sar-i-Naubat – Maintainance of appointments, organization, and food supply of the military.
(vii) Pandit Rao- High Priest
(viii) Nyaydhish- Chief Justice |
18. During the reign of Shivaji, the foreign minister was known as –
(a) Sumant
(b) Amatya
(c) Sar-i-Naubat
(d) Sachiv
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (a) Sumant
| Shivaji set up the Ashtapradhan, an eight-member council, to manage the Maratha government. The eight ministers were the Peshwa, Pandit Rao, Sumant, Amatya, Mantri, Sachiv, Senapati, Nyayadhish
(i) Peshwa- Prime Minister of King
(ii) Amatya or Mazumdar- Finance and Revenue Minister
(iii) Wakianavis/Mantri- Interior minister, managing internal affairs, especially intelligence, and espionage.
(iv) Sachiv/Surnavis-Responsible for all correspondence.
(v) Sumant/Dabir- Foreign Minister
(vi) Senapati/Sar-i-Naubat – Maintainance of appointments, organization, and food supply of the military.
(vii) Pandit Rao- High Priest
(viii) Nyaydhish- Chief Justice |
19. “Ashtapradhan” -a Council of Ministers helped in the discharge of State affairs to :
(a) Harshavardhana
(b) Samudra Gupta
(c) Shivaji
(d) Yashovarman
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1995, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (c) Shivaji
| Shivaji put together a group of eight ministers called the Ashtapradhan in the Maratha government. These eight ministers were the Peshwa, Pandit Rao, Sumant, Amatya, Mantri, Sachiv, Senapati, Nyayadhish
(i) Peshwa- Prime Minister of King
(ii) Amatya or Mazumdar- Finance and Revenue Minister
(iii) Wakianavis/Mantri- Interior minister, managing internal affairs, especially intelligence, and espionage.
(iv) Sachiv/Surnavis-Responsible for all correspondence.
(v) Sumant/Dabir- Foreign Minister
(vi) Senapati/Sar-i-Naubat – Maintainance of appointments, organization, and food supply of the military.
(vii) Pandit Rao- High Priest
(viii) Nyaydhish- Chief Justice |
20. Assertion (A): In matters of State Shivaji was advised by a Council of Ministers.
Reason (R): Each minister held an independent charge of his department.
Code:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
- The “Ashtapradhan” was a group of eight ministers who managed the Maratha empire while Shivaji was in power.
- They did not work as a team, each minister was the head of their own area.
- Shivaji had the final say on whether he agreed with their advice or not.
- The Ashtapradhan served as Shivaji’s advisers.
- Their main jobs were to follow Shivaji’s orders and take care of the state.
- Statement (A) is correct, but reason (R) is not.
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21. Who among the following streamlined the Maratha administration after Shambhaji?
(a) Rajaram
(b) Balaji Viswanath
(c) Ganga Bai
(d) Nanaji Deshmukh
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (b) Balaji Viswanath
- After Sambhaji, Balaji Vishwanath took over the Maratha Kingdom and made it easier to manage.
- November 1713 was an important date not only for Balaji, but also for all the Marathas, as power was transferred from Chhatrapati to the Peshwas.
- His biggest accomplishment was a temporary deal between the Mughals and the Marathas that specified the boundaries and authority of each side.
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22. Arrange the following in the chronological order of their rule :
(1) Bajirao
(2) Balaji Bajirao
(3) Balaji Vishwanath
(4) Madhavrao
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
Code :
(a) 4, 3, 1, 2
(b) 1, 2, 3, 4
(c) 3, 1, 2, 4
(d) 2, 1, 4, 3
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (c) 3, 1, 2, 4
- Balaji Vishwanath was the ruler from 1713 to 1720.
- Shahu chose Balaji Vishwanath’s eldest son, Bajirao-I, to be Peshwa, whose rule was from 1720 to 1740.
- After Bajirao passed away, Balaji Bajirao reigned from 1740 to 1761.
- Madhavrao’s tenure was from 1761 to 1772.
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23. Arrange the following in the correct chronological order:
1. Chhatrapati Shahuji
2. Rajaram
3. Sambhaji
4. Shivaji- II
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Code :
A B C D
(a) 3 2 1 4
(b) 3 2 4 1
(c) 2 3 1 4
(d) 1 2 3 4
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]
Ans. (b) 3 2 4 1
- The correct chronological order is as follows
| Sambhaji – (1680-1689) (Elder son of Shivaji) |
| Rajaram – (1689-1700) (Second son of Shivaji) |
| Shivaji – II – (1700-1708) (Son of Raja Ram) |
| Chhatrapati Shahuji – (1708-1749) (Son of Sambhaji) |
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24. Assertion (A): By 1750 the Maratha kingdom had become a Confederacy presided over by the Peshwa.
Reason (R): The successors of Shahu depended on the will of the Peshwa.
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- After Bajirao died in 1740, Shahu appointed Balaji Bajirao as his successor and the title of Peshwa became hereditarily held.
- In 1750, the agreement between the Maratha king and Sangola made the king a passive figure and the Peshwa was in charge of running the Maratha Confederacy.
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25. Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Marathas emerged as the strongest native power in India after the decline of the Mughal Empire.
Reason (R): Marathas were the first rulers who had a clear concept of the United Indian Nation.
Choose the correct answer from the code given below.
Code:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true
[U.P.R.O./ A.R.O. (Mains) 2016]
Ans (c) (A) is true but (R) is false
- Following the downfall of the Mughals, the Marathas were the strongest group from India who could have taken their spot.
- The Marathas were supported by the people of Maharashtra and they were all united as a Maratha nation.
- But, they couldn’t create a unified India, which is what they are most criticized for.
- Therefore, statement (A) is accurate but (R) is incorrect.
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26. The Maratha King became a non-entity and the Peshwa, the virtual ruler from the time of –
(a) Balaji Vishwanath
(b) Bajirao I
(c) Balaji Bajirao
(d) Madhavrao I
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (c) Balaji Bajirao
- After the Mughals weakened, the Marathas had the ability to take their place.
- The Marathas’ power was based on the people from Maharashtra who were united because of the Maratha identity.
- Unfortunately, the Marathas were not able to form a unified India, which is a large criticism against them.
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27. At the time of Aurangzeb’s death, the Maratha leadership was in the hands of?
(a) Sambhaji
(b) Rajaram
(c) Jijabai
(d) Tarabai
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O (Mains) 2013, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (d) Tarabai
- Rajaram represented Shahu from 1689 to 1700 and after he passed away, Tarabai fought against the Mughals on behalf of his son, Shivaji-II. At the time of Aurangzeb’s death, Tarabai was in control of the Maratha leadership.
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28. Who among the following Maratha women led struggles against the Mughal Empire from 1700 A.D. onwards?
(a) Ahilya Bai
(b) Mukta Bai
(c) Tara Bai
(d) Rukmini Bai
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Tara Bai
- After Rajaram died, his son Shivaji-II who was still a child became the king.
- Rajaram’s widow Tarabai took over as the regent and was very brave.
- She fought against the Mughals and won the forts of Singhgarh, Raigarh, and Satara.
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29. The Saranzami system was related to –
(a) Land revenue system of Maratha
(b) Taluqdari system
(c) Qutb Shahi administration
(d) None of the above
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) Land revenue system of Maratha
- The Saranzami system was connected to the taxes on land during the Maratha period.
- The land given out under this system was meant to support the Maratha Jagirdar financially.
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30. The Maratha claim of revenue for protection is known by what name?
(a) Sardesh Mukhi
(b) Chauth
(c) Abwab
(d) Jamadani
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b) Chauth
- The Marathas demanded money called Chauth as a payment for their protection from the provinces that were part of the Mughal Empire.
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31. A historian witness to the third battle of Panipat. Who was he?
(a) Khafi Khan
(b) Kashiraj Pandit
(c) Dattaji Pingle
(d) Harcharan Das
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (b) Kashiraj Pandit
- The Third Battle of Panipat was fought between the Maratha army led by Sadashivrao Bhau and the Afghan invader Ahmad Shah Abdali on January 14th 1761.
- The Marathas were defeated in this battle. Historian Kashiraj Pandit, who witnessed the battle, reported to Balaji Bajirao that Marathas had lost two pearls, 22 gold coins, and an unknown amount of silver and copper.
- According to Kashiraj Pandit, the Third Battle of Panipat was a major defeat for Marathas.
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32. What was the immediate reason for Ahmad Shah Abdali to invade India and fight the Third Battle of Panipat?
(a) He wanted to avenge the expulsion of his Viceroy Timur Shah from Lahore by Marathas
(b) The frustrated Governor of Jullundhar Adina Beg Khan invited him to invade Punjab
(c) He wanted to punish the Mughal administration for non-payment of the revenues of the Chahar Mahal (Gujarat, Aurangabad, Sialkot, and Pasrur)
(d) He wanted to annex all the fertile plains of Punjab up to the borders of Delhi to his kingdom
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) He wanted to avenge the expulsion of his Viceroy Timur Shah from Lahore by Marathas
- Ahmad Shah Abdali wanted to get revenge on the Marathas for forcing out his viceroy Timur Shah from Lahore, which is why he started the Third Battle of Panipat.
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33. In the Third Battle of Panipat, Marathas were defeated by–
(a) Afghans
(b) Britishers
(c) Mughals
(d) Rohillas
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2012, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2009, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1994, 1993]
Ans. (a) Afghans
- The Marathas, led by Sadashivrao Bhau, were defeated by Ahmad Shah Abdali during the Third Battle of Panipat on 14 January 1761.
- This battle was a disaster for the Marathas, as an eyewitness historian, Kashiraj Pandit, described it as “boisterous”.
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34. When was the 3rd Battle of Panipat fought?
(a) 14 January 1760
(b) 5 January 1761
(c) 14 January 1761
(d) 5 November 1556
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) 14 January 1761
- The Third Battle of Panipat happened on 14 January 1761 between the Marathas, led by Sadashivrao Bhau, and Ahmad Shah Abdali.
- The Marathas were defeated in this battle, and the eyewitness historian Kashiraj Pandit said it was a bad day for the Marathas.
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35. The Third Battle of Panipat was fought between :
(a) Hemu and Akbar
(b) Humayun and Sher Shah
(c) Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali
(d) Nadir Shah and the Mughals
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2004, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002, M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (c) Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali
- The Third Battle of Panipat was a fight between Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali on the 14th of January 1761.
- Sadashivrao Bhau led the Marathas but sadly they were defeated.
- According to the witness and historian Kashiraj Pandit, the Third Battle of Panipat was a disaster for the Marathas
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36. The Third Battle of Panipat was fought in the year –
(a) 1526 A.D
(b) 1761 A.D
(c) 1556 A.D
(d) 1857 A.D
[Uttrakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (b) 1761 A.D
- The Third Battle of Panipat happened on 14 January 1761.
- Sadashivrao Bhau led the Marathas, but they were defeated badly.
- According to the eyewitness historian Kashiraj Pandit, the battle was disastrous for the Marathas.
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37. Who of the following Rohilla Chiefs was the confidant of Ahmad Shah Abdali?
(a) Ghulam Qadir Rohilla
(b) Najib Khan
(c) Ali Muhammad Khan
(d) Hafi z Rahmat Khan
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (b) Najib Khan
- Ahmad Shah Abdali arrived in Delhi in January 1757, taking away items from Delhi, Mathura, and Agra.
- Before he went back to his homeland, he chose Alamgir-II to be the Emperor, Imadulmulk to be the Prime Minister, Najib-ud-Daula (Najb Khan) as his chief agent, and Mir Bakshi of the empire.
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38. The ‘Modi script’ was employed in the documents of the:
(a) Wodeyars
(b) Zamorins
(c) Hoysalas
(d) Marathas
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (d) Marathas
- The Marathas, especially in the area of keeping records of revenue and administration, used a certain type of writing called the ‘Modi script’.
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39. Which of the following pair (tax during Maratha rule in C.G. and its meaning) is not correctly matched?
(a) Takoli- Annual tribute from the Zamindars
(b) Sair – Tax on the sales of goods
(c) Pandari-Tax collected from non-agriculturists
(d) Sewai-Amount of pecuniary tax or penalty
(e) Tarai-Tax collected on irrigation
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (e) Tarai-Tax collected on irrigation
- During Maratha rule in Chhattisgarh, Tarai was not a tax that was charged for irrigation. All other answers are correct.
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