1. Who succeeded Aurangzeb after his death in 1707 A.D.?
(a) Bahadur Shah- I
(b) Jahandar Shah
(c) Muhammad Shah
(d) Akbar- II
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (a) Bahadur Shah- I
- After Aurangzeb, the Mughal emperor, died, his son Muazzam, who was 63 years old, became the ruler and took on the name of Bahadur Shah in 1707.
- He ruled from 1707 – 1712.
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2. How did the Mughal Emperor Jahandar Shah’s reign come to an early end?
(a) He was deposed by his Wazir
(b) He died due to slipping while climbing down steps
(c) He was defeated by his nephew in a battle
(d) He died of sickness due to too much consumption of wine.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) He was defeated by his nephew in a battle
- Jahandar Shah was the first Mughal emperor who was not a good ruler.
- He was helped onto the throne by Amir Zulfiqar Khan.
- He was eventually defeated and killed by his own nephew, Farrukh Siyar, in February 1713.
- People saw him as a “lewd moron”.
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3. Which of the following Mughal Emperors granted duty-free trading facilities to the English in Bengal?
(a) Akbar
(b) Jahangir
(c) Bahadur Shah
(d) Farrukh Siyar
[U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010]
Ans. (d) Farrukh Siyar
- In 1717, Farrukh Siyar made a rule that allowed the British people in Bengal to trade without paying a fee.
- The only condition was that they had to pay a yearly fee of 3000.
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4. Who was the last Mughal Emperor to sit on Mayur Singhasan?
(a) Shah Alam I
(b) Muhammad Shah
(c) Bahadur Shah
(d) Jahandar Shah
[40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (b) Muhammad Shah
- Muhammad Shah was the last Mughal emperor to be in power during his reign.
- In 1739, Nadir Shah invaded India and won the battle of Karnal.
- According to Anand Ram Mukhlis, a historian of the time, Nadir Shah took away sixty thousand rupees, lots of gold coins, gold worth one crore rupees, jewels worth fifty crores, the Kohinoor diamond, and the Peacock Throne.
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5. The Mughal Emperor at the time of Nadir Shah’s attack was –
(a) Ahmad Shah
(b) Alamgir II
(c) Muhammad Shah
(d) Rafi -ud-Darjat
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (c) Muhammad Shah
- Muhammad Shah was the last Mughal emperor to be on the throne during his rule.
- In 1739, Nadir Shah invaded India and won the battle of Karnal.
- The historian Anand Ram Mukhlis wrote that Nadir Shah took money, coins, gold, and jewels (including the Kohinoor diamond and the Peacock Throne) worth a total of 150 crores to Iran.
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6. A group of eunuchs and ladies dominated the Government under
(a) Muhammad Shah (1719-48)
(b) Ahmad Shah (1748-54)
(c) Alamgir (1754-59)
(d) Shah Alam II (1759-1806)
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (a) Muhammad Shah (1719-48)
- People called Muhammad Shah (1719-48) ‘Rangeela’ because he was very interested in drinking wine and admiring beauty, rather than ruling his kingdom.
- During his rule, the Mughal Darbar was mainly controlled by a group of eunuchs and women.
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7. Which Mughal emperor is known by the name of ‘Rangila’?
(a) Farrukh Siyar
(b) Rafi -ud-Darazat
(c) Muhammad Shah
(d) Rafi -ud-Daula
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (c) Muhammad Shah
- Muhammad Shah (1719-48) was known as ‘Rangeela’ as he was mostly occupied with watching animal fights, drinking wine, and enjoying the beauty.
- During his reign, the Mughal Darbar was mainly run by eunuchs and women.
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8. Which of the following Mughal emperors was not allowed to enter Delhi by Wazir Ghaziuddin?
(a) Alamgir- II
(b) Shah Alam- II
(c) Akbar- II
(d) Bahadur Shah- II
[44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (b) Shah Alam- II
- Shah Alam- II was the ruler from 1759 to 1806, whose real name was Ali Gauhar.
- He was tricked by the people at the royal court.
- He was helped by the Marathas to come to Delhi in 1772.
- During his rule, the English captured Delhi in 1803.
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9. The last Mughal Emperor was Bahadur Shah. His father’s name was-
(a) Akbar Shah- I
(b) Akbar Shah- II
(c) Aurangzeb
(d) Shah Jahan
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (b) Akbar Shah- II
- The last ruler of the Mughal Empire was Bahadur Shah Zafar, whose father was Akbar- II.
- He was given a pension from the British and was the leader of the court at the Red Fort in Delhi.
- He passed away in 1862.
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10. Who was the last Mughal emperor of India?
(a) Aurangzeb
(b) Bahadur Shah Zafar
(c) Shah Alam
(d) Shah Jahan
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (b) Bahadur Shah Zafar
- Bahadur Shah Zafar was the last ruler of the Mughal Empire (1837-57). His father was Akbar-II.
- He received a pension from the British and was the leader of the court in the Red Fort of Delhi.
- He passed away in 1862.
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11. Which one of the following statements is not correct about Bahadur Shah Zafar?
(a) He was an emperor without an empire
(b) Ibrahim Zauq and Asad Ullah Khan Ghalib were his poetry teachers
(c) Hasan Askari was his spiritual guide
(d) He received less than one lakh rupees as a pension from the East India Company
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (d) He received less than one lakh rupees as a pension from the East India Company
- Bahadur Shah Zafar was given a monthly pension of one hundred thousand rupees, fifteen hundred thousand rupees for rent for his other properties, and one thousand rupees for regular living expenses.
- Therefore, statement (d) is not accurate, but the other statements are true.
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12. Who among the following was the first Nawab of Oudh?
(a) Asaf-ud-Daula
(b) Saadat Khan
(c) Shuja-ud-Daula
(d) Safdarjung
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (b) Saadat Khan
- Saadat Khan was the first ruler of Oudh.
- It was founded by Iranis and Hyderabad was established by Taranis.
- In 1722, Saadat Khan became the governor of Oudh and gave his nephew Safdarjung control of the court.
- When he died, Safdarjung refused to recognize the Mughal emperor.
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13. Who among the following was the founder of the independent Kingdom of Hyderabad?
(a) Qamaruddin Khan
(b) Muhammad Amin Khan
(c) Asad Khan
(d) Chin Qilich Khan
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (d) Chin Qilich Khan
- Chin Qilich Khan, also known as Nizam-ul-Mulk, established the independent Hyderabad kingdom in 1724.
- After the death of Mughal governor Mubarij Khan at the Battle of Shakur-Khera in Deccan in 1724.
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14. With reference to Indian history, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. The Nizamat of Arcot emerged out of Hyderabad state.
2. The Mysore Kingdom emerged out of the Vijayanagara Empire.
3. Rohilkhand Kingdom was formed out of the territories occupied by Ahmad Shah Durrani.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 3 only
[I.A.S. (Pre.) 2021]
Ans (b) 2 only
- Statement 1 is wrong because the Nizam of Arcot was established by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb and was not part of the Hyderabad state.
- Statement 2 is correct because the Mysore kingdom became powerful under the Wodeyar dynasty, which was originally part of the Vijaynagar empire
- Statement 3 is incorrect because Ali Muhammad Khan established a small kingdom called Rohilakhand in 1739 after Nadir Shah’s invasion of India, and Ahmad Shah Durrani began invading India in 1748.
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15. Among the following who had constructed an astronomical observatory popularly known as Jantar Mantar at Delhi?
(a) Akbar
(b) Shah Jahan
(c) Suraj Mal
(d) Jai Singh- II
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (d) Jai Singh- II
- Jai Singh- II, the Rajput King of Amber’s Kachhwaha, had a passion for Astronomy and built an astronomical observatory called Jantar Mantar in Delhi.
- He also built observatories in Ujjain, Mathura, Varanasi and Jaipur.
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16. Where were the constructed observatories by Maharaja Jai Singh-II?
1. Delhi 2. Jaipur
3. Ujjain 4. Varanasi
Code :
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2, 3, and 4
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4
- Jai Singh- II, the Rajput King of Amber’s Kachhwaha, had a passion for Astronomy and built the astronomical observatory Jantar Mantar in Delhi.
- He also established observatories in other places such as Ujjain, Mathura, Varanasi Jaipur also besides Delhi.
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17. The book’ Jiz Muhammad Shahi’ related to knowledge of Astrology produced in 1773 is written by :
(a) Darbar Jaswant Singh of Jodhpur
(b) Raja Bharmal of Amber
(c) Swai Jai Singh of Jaipur
(d) Maharana Amar Singh of Udaipur
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2007]
Ans. (c) Swai Jai Singh of Jaipur
- Sawai Jai Singh was a famous Rajput king from Amber in the 18th century.
- He created the city of Jaipur and made it a hub of science and art.
- He was a famous astronomer and built several observatories in Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura, and Varanasi.
- He produced a set of tables called Jiz Muhammad Shahi for easier astronomical observation.
- He translated Euclid’s “Geometry” into Sanskrit.
- During his rule, he held two Ashwamedh sacrifices.
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18. Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh of Jaipur had not built the observatory at-
(a) Ujjain
(b) Varanasi
(c) Mathura
(d) Allahabad
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (d) Allahabad
- Sawai Jai Singh was a famous Rajput king from Amber in the 18th century.
- He founded Jaipur and made it a hub for science and art.
- He was an accomplished astronomer and built special observatories in multiple cities, such as Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura, and Varanasi.
- He created Jiz Muhammad Shahi charts to make astronomical observations easier.
- He also translated Euclid’s Geometry into Sanskrit.
- Lastly, he organized two Ashwamedh sacrifices during his reign.
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