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Basic
1. Place where Ozone Layer is primarily found is –
(a) Troposphere
(b) Stratosphere
(c) Mesosphere
(d) Ionosphere
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Spl) 2008]
Ans. (b) Stratosphere
- The atmosphere of the Earth is made up of different layers.
- The layer located 10-50 km above the Earth is called the stratosphere.
- The ozone layer is found in the bottom part of the stratosphere, which is between 15 and 30 km above the Earth.
- It changes according to the season and place.
- The ozone layer protects the Earth from the UV rays of the sun.
- 10% of the ozone layer is found in the troposphere and 90% in the stratosphere.
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2. Ozone layer is above the earth’s crust around –
(a) 50 km.
(b) 300 km.
(c) 2000 km.
(d) 20 km.
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2012]
Ans. (d) 20 km
- The Ozone layer is located mainly in the stratosphere, about 15 to 30 kilometers above the Earth’s surface.
- Its amount changes depending on the season and location.
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3. Which is the lowest layer of the Atmosphere?
(a) Stratosphere
(b) Ozonosphere
(c) Ionosphere
(d) Troposphere
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) Troposphere
- The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere.
- It is thickest at the equator, reaching heights of up to 18 to 20 km, and thinnest near the poles.
- Above this are the stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere, in that order.
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4. Which of the following is not true about chlorofluorocarbon?
(a) It is used as a refrigerant.
(b) Is not responsible for the greenhouse effect
(c) It is responsible for reducing ozone in the stratosphere.
(d) It is inactive in the lower atmosphere
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (b) Is not responsible for the greenhouse effect
- Chlorofluorocarbons are made up of carbon, chlorine and fluorine.
- Chlorine is one of the elements in the compound.
- If the conditions are right, this chlorine can damage a lot of ozone in the atmosphere.
- This is why it is a major contributor to the greenhouse effect.
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5. Which is responsible for Ozone Hole?
(a) CO2
(b) SO2
(c) O2
(d) CFC
(e) None of these
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (d) CFC
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the cause of the ozone layer depletion
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6. The radiation that is absorbed by ozone present in the atmosphere is –
(a) Infrared
(b) Visible
(c) Ultraviolet
(d) Microwave
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) Ultraviolet
- Ozone (O3) is made of 3 oxygen atoms.
- Oxygen (O2) is important for living things that need air to survive, but ozone is poisonous.
- However, in the higher atmosphere, ozone is very useful because it helps protect us from dangerous UV radiation from the Sun, which can cause skin cancer.
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7. Ultraviolet radiation from sunlight causes the reaction that produce which of the following?
(a) C O
(b) SO2
(c) O3
(d) Fluorides
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (c) O3
- The ozone in the upper atmosphere is made when sunlight reacts with oxygen molecules.
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8. Ozone protects the biosphere from –
(a) Infra-red rays
(b) Ultraviolet rays
(c) X-rays
(d) Gama rays
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (b) Ultraviolet rays
- The ozone layer in the sky is created when sunlight interacts with oxygen molecules.
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9. Ozone layer in atmosphere –
(a) Produces rain
(b) Produces pollution
(c) Provides safety to life on Earth from ultraviolet radiation
(d) Produces oxygen in the atmosphere
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (c) Provides safety to life on Earth from ultraviolet radiation
- The ozone layer is formed when the sun’s light hits oxygen molecules in the air.
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10. Harmful ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun can cause –
(a) Liver cancer
(b) Brain cancer
(c) Oral cancer
(d) Skin cancer
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (d) Skin cancer
- The sun’s ultraviolet radiation can cause skin cancer by causing changes in your genes.
- There are three different types of ultraviolet rays – UV-A, UV-B and UV-C. UV-A and UV-B rays are harmful to the skin, while UV-C is very dangerous but does not reach the Earth.
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11. “Ozone Layer Preservation Day” is celebrated on –
(a) 16 September
(b) 5 June
(c) 23 March
(d) 21 April
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (a) 16 September
- In 1994, the United Nations General Assembly assigned the 16th of September as the International Day for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, to remember the day the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Damage the Ozone Layer was signed in 1987.
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12. The ozone hole is caused by
(a) Acetylene
(b) Ethylene
(c) Chlorofl fluorocarbons
(d) Methane
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) 16 September
- When CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) are put into the air, certain chemical reactions cause the ozone molecules to break apart, making it less able to block out UV radiation.
- This is known as ozone depletion.
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13. Which one of the following is not responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer:
(a) CFC-12 used in refrigerators
(b) Methyl chloroform used as a solvent
(c) HALON-1211 used in fi re fi ghting
(d) Nitrous oxide
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2002, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) Methyl chloroform used as a solvent
- The ozone layer in the atmosphere blocks out bad ultraviolet rays so that they can’t reach the ground and hurt living things.
- The gases that cause the ozone layer to become thin are CFC, Halon – 1211,1301, Nitrous oxide and Tricloroethlyn.
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14. Among the following greenhouse gases, which does not cause ozone depletion in the troposphere?
(a) Methane
(b) Carbon monoxide
(c) Nitrogen Oxides (NO)
(d) Water vapors
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Carbon monooxide
- Greenhouse gases that cause the ozone layer to thin out in the atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons.
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15. Formation of the ozone hole is maximum over- –
(a) India
(b) Africa
(c) Antarctica
(d) Europe
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Antarctica
- The ozone hole over Antarctica is not an actual hole, but an area where there is a lot less ozone than normal in the atmosphere.
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16. The Montreal Protocol is related to the protection of:
(a) Greenhouse gases
(b) Acid rain
(c) Ozone layer
(d) Endangered species
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) Ozone layer
- The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.
- It came into force on 1 January 1989.
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17. The Montreal Protocol is related to the?
(a) White Lion
(b) Chlorofluorocarbon
(b) Water pollution
(d) Agriculture
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (b) Chlorofluorocarbon
- The Montreal Protocol is connected to safeguarding the Ozone layer which is being exhausted primarily due to carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons.
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High-Level
1. In the stratosphere, the level of ozone is naturally regulated by –
(a) Nitrous oxide
(b) Nitrogen dioxide
(c) CFC
(d) Water vapors
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (b) Nitrogen dioxide
- Nitrogen dioxide helps control the ozone layer in the stratosphere.
- The amount of ozone varies from season to season, with more ozone in the spring and less during rainy seasons.
- The thickness of the ozone layer is measured using Dobson Units, which is equal to 0.01 mm of pure ozone at 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere of pressure.
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2. Consider the following statements: Chlorofluorocarbons, known as ozone-depleting substances, are used
1. In the production of plastic foams.
2. In the production of tubeless tires.
3. In cleaning certain electronic components.
4. As pressurizing agents in aerosol cans.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) Only 4
(c) 1, 3 and 4
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (c) 1, 3 and 4
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are made of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine atoms and are not dangerous or flammable.
- They are used to make aerosol sprays, foam and packing materials, and as solvents and refrigerants.
- Trichlorofluoromethane can be used to dissolve grease and clean electronics and can stay in the atmosphere for 80 to 100 years.
- Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
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3. Which of the following substances is/are ozone-depleting? Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
1. Chlorofluorocarbons
2. Halans
3. Carbon tetrachloride
Codes :
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2012]
Ans. (d) 1, 2 and 3
- Chlorofluorocarbons, Halans, and Carbon tetrachloride are all things that damage the ozone layer.
- The Montreal Protocol prohibits the use of these substances.
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4. The formation of the ozone hole in the Antarctic region has been a cause of concern. What could be the reason for the formation of this hole?
(a) Presence of prominent tropospheric turbulence and inflow of chlorofluorocarbons
(b) Presence of prominent polar front and stratospheric clouds and inflow of chlorofluorocarbons
(c) Absence of polar front and stratospheric clouds and inflow of methane and chlorofluorocarbons
(d) Increased temperature in the polar region due to global warming.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (b) Presence of prominent polar front and stratospheric clouds and inflow of chlorofluorocarbons
- Nitric Acid in the Polar stratospheric clouds mixes with chlorofluorocarbons, which creates chlorine particles that damage the ozone layer.
- Stratospheric clouds also help chlorine to become chlorine particles, which leads to the formation of the ozone hole.
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5. Which gas is filled in refrigerators?
(a) Ammonia
(b) Mafron
(c) Methane
(d) Acetylene
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) Mafron
- The gases inside of the fridge are called Mafron.
- These gases are usually a type of halonic hydrocarbon.
- Even though Ammonia is used to cool down big plants, option (b) is the correct answer to this question.
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6. Which one of the following teams of scientists first discovered the ‘ozone hole’ over Antarctica?
(a) Russian Team
(b) German Team
(c) American Team
(d) British Team
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (d) British Team
- In 1985, a British group was the first to find the ozone hole above Antarctica using a tool called the “Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer”.
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7. Who among the following had discovered the ‘ozone halo’ over the Tibetan Plateau in 2005?
(a) M. Molina
(b) Joseph Farman
(c) G.W. Kent Moore
(d) Marcus Rex
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (c) G.W. Kent Moore
- Under the guidance of G.W. Kent Moore from the University of Toronto, a research team found an ozone hole above the Tibetan Plateau in 2005.
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8. Consider the following statements:
Assertion (A): Ozone is essential for biotic life.
Reason (R): The ozone layer protects the earth’s surface from high-energy radiation.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- The ozone layer is a part of Earth’s atmosphere that contains a lot of ozone (O3).
- It blocks out 93-99% of the sun’s dangerous ultraviolet light, which is bad for living things.
- Both the statement and the explanation are true, with the explanation (R) being the correct one.
- Ozone in gas form is poisonous and bad for living things.
- This is shown in the picture of the atomic structure of ozone.
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9. Which of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Ozone – Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)
(b) Acid rain – Nitric Acid
(c) Rocket fuel – Kerosene Oil
(d) Green House Eff ect – Carbon dioxide
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (b) Acid rain – Nitric Acid
- Chlorofluorocarbons are the main reason for the destruction of the ozone layer.
- Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the main contributors to acid rain, not nitric acid.
- Rocket fuel is a highly refined type of kerosene.
- Carbon dioxide is the second largest cause of global warming.
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10. Which one of the following is associated with the issue of control and phasing out of the use of ozone-depleting substances?
(a) Bretton Woods Conference
(b) Montreal Protocol
(c) Kyoto Protocol
(d) Nagoya Protocol
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (b) Montreal Protocol
- Chlorofluorocarbons are the leading cause of damage to the ozone layer.
- Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the main culprits for acid rain, not nitric acid.
- Rocket fuel is a super-pure form of kerosene.
- Carbon dioxide is the second largest factor of climate change.
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