UPSC Ecology & Environment Test 4 (Old Year Questions)
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UPSC Ecology & Environment Test 4
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20 questions based on Ecology & Enviornment.
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Question 1 of 20
1. Question
1 pointsHuman activities in the recent past have caused the increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but a lot of it does not remain in the lower atmosphere because of
1. Its escape into the outer stratosphere.
2. The photosynthesis by phytoplankton in the oceans.
3. The trapping of air in the polar ice caps.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Ans b
Incorrect
Ans b
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Question 2 of 20
2. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements:
1. The Sustainable Development Goals were first proposed in 1972 by a global think tank called the ‘Club of Rome’.
2. The Sustainable Development Goals have to be achieved by 2030.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Ans b
Statement 1 is not correct: The ‘Club of Rome’ is a global think tank is a global think tank which in its 1972 book “Limits to Growth” talked about sustainability; however they didn’t propose Sustainable Development Goals. As per the resolution of UN General Assembly in September, 2015 the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been adopted by 193 member nations.
Statement 2 is correct: These developmental schemes are mostly addressing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which are targeted to be achieved by 2030.Incorrect
Ans b
Statement 1 is not correct: The ‘Club of Rome’ is a global think tank is a global think tank which in its 1972 book “Limits to Growth” talked about sustainability; however they didn’t propose Sustainable Development Goals. As per the resolution of UN General Assembly in September, 2015 the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been adopted by 193 member nations.
Statement 2 is correct: These developmental schemes are mostly addressing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which are targeted to be achieved by 2030. -
Question 3 of 20
3. Question
1 pointsIn the context of ecosystem productivity, marine upwelling zones are important as they increase the marine productivity by bringing the .
1. Decomposer microorganism to the surface.
2. Nutrients to the surface.
3. Bottom-dwelling organisms to the surface.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Ans b
Incorrect
Ans b
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Question 4 of 20
4. Question
1 pointsWhat is/are the importance/ importances of the ‘United Convention to Combat Desertification’?
1. It aims to promote effective action through innovative national programmes and supportive international partnerships
2. It has a special/particular focus on South Asia and North Africa regions, and its Secretariat facilitates the allocation of major portion of financial resources to these regions.
3. It is committed to bottom-up approach, encouraging the participation of local people in combating the desertification.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Correct
Ans a
Desertification, along with climate change and the loss of biodiversity, were identified as the greatest challenges to sustainable development during the 1992 Rio Earth Summit. Established in 1994, UNCCD is the sole legally binding international agreement linking environment and development to sustainable land management.The Convention addresses specifically the arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas, known as the drylands, where some of the most vulnerable ecosystems and peoples can be found.
The Convention’s 195 parties work together to improve the living conditions for people in drylands, to maintain and restore land and soil productivity, and to mitigate the effects of drought.
The UNCCD is particularly committed to a bottom-up approach, encouraging the participation of local people in combating desertification and land degradation.
The UNCCD secretariat facilitates cooperation between developed and developing countries, particularly around knowledge and technology transfer for sustainable land management.Incorrect
Ans a
Desertification, along with climate change and the loss of biodiversity, were identified as the greatest challenges to sustainable development during the 1992 Rio Earth Summit. Established in 1994, UNCCD is the sole legally binding international agreement linking environment and development to sustainable land management.The Convention addresses specifically the arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas, known as the drylands, where some of the most vulnerable ecosystems and peoples can be found.
The Convention’s 195 parties work together to improve the living conditions for people in drylands, to maintain and restore land and soil productivity, and to mitigate the effects of drought.
The UNCCD is particularly committed to a bottom-up approach, encouraging the participation of local people in combating desertification and land degradation.
The UNCCD secretariat facilitates cooperation between developed and developing countries, particularly around knowledge and technology transfer for sustainable land management. -
Question 5 of 20
5. Question
1 pointsIf a tropical rain forest is removed, it does not regenerate quickly as compared to a tropical deciduous forest. This is because
Correct
Ans a
Incorrect
Ans a
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Question 6 of 20
6. Question
1 pointsThere is a concern over the increase in harmful algal blooms in the seawaters of India. What could be the causative factors for this phenomenon?
- Discharge of nutrients from the estuaries.
- Run-off from the land during the monsoon.
- Upwelling in the seas.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Correct
Ans d
Incorrect
Ans d
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Question 7 of 20
7. Question
1 pointsConsider the following:
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Oxides of Nitrogen
3. Oxides of Sulphur
Which of the above is/are the emission/emissions from coal combustion at thermal power plants?
Correct
Ans d
Incorrect
Ans d
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Question 8 of 20
8. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following statements is/are correct? Viruses can infect
1. bacteria
2. fungi
3. plants
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Correct
Ans d
Viruses are too small to be seen by the naked eye. They can’t multiply on their own, so they have to invade a ‘host’ cell and take over its machinery in order to be able to make more virus particles.Virus infects all of the given organisms (Bacteria, Fungi and Plant).Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi. The majority of mycoviruses have double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genomes.
Many different viruses can infect plants. Certain crops are well known to be affected by virus diseases including geraniums, roses, Easter lilies, dahlias, gladiolus, and tulips.
The Virus that Infects Bacteria. Coliphage T4 is a virus that looks like an alien landing pod. With its six legs, the bacteriophage attaches to the surface of the much larger bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli). Once attached, the bacteriophage injects DNA into the bacterium.Incorrect
Ans d
Viruses are too small to be seen by the naked eye. They can’t multiply on their own, so they have to invade a ‘host’ cell and take over its machinery in order to be able to make more virus particles.Virus infects all of the given organisms (Bacteria, Fungi and Plant).Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi. The majority of mycoviruses have double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genomes.
Many different viruses can infect plants. Certain crops are well known to be affected by virus diseases including geraniums, roses, Easter lilies, dahlias, gladiolus, and tulips.
The Virus that Infects Bacteria. Coliphage T4 is a virus that looks like an alien landing pod. With its six legs, the bacteriophage attaches to the surface of the much larger bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli). Once attached, the bacteriophage injects DNA into the bacterium. -
Question 9 of 20
9. Question
1 pointsThe formation of ozone hole in the Antarctic region has been a cause of concern. What could be the reason for the formation of this hole?
Correct
Ans b
Incorrect
Ans b
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Question 10 of 20
10. Question
1 pointsRegarding “carbon credits”, which one of the following statements is not correct?
Correct
Ans a
Incorrect
Ans a
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Question 11 of 20
11. Question
1 pointsWith reference to micro-irrigation, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. Fertilizer/nutrient loss can be reduced.
2. It is the only means of irrigation in dry land farming.
3. In some areas of farming, receding of ground water table can be checked.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Correct
Ans c
Incorrect
Ans c
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Question 12 of 20
12. Question
1 pointsWith reference to India, consider the following Central Acts:
1. Import and Export (Control) Act, 1947.
2. Mining and Mineral development (Regulation) Act, 1957
3. Customs Act, 1962
4. Indian Forest Act, 1927
Which of the above Acts have relevance to/bearing on the biodiversity conservation in the country?
Correct
Ans c
Incorrect
Ans c
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Question 13 of 20
13. Question
1 pointsWith reference to an initiative called ‘The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)’, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It is an initiative hosted by UNEP, IMF and World Economic Forum.
2. It is a global initiative that focuses on drawing attention to the economic benefits of biodiversity.
3. It presents an approach that can help decision-makers recognize, demonstrate and capture the value of ecosystems and biodiversity.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Correct
Ans c
The initiative on ‘The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity’ (TEEB) is an important partner in implementing the CBD programme of work on incentive measures, and in particular its work on valuation. This major international initiative, funded by the European Commission, Germany, United Kingdom, Norway, the Netherlands and Sweden, and managed by the United Nations Environment Programme as part of its Green Economy Initiative (GEI), seeks to draw attention to the global economic benefits of biodiversity, to highlight the growing costs of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation, and to draw together expertise from the fields of science, economics and policy to enable practical actions moving forward.Members of the TEEB Advisory Board include the Executive Director of UNEP, the Executive Secretary of the CBD and the Director General of IUCN, amongst others.
Incorrect
Ans c
The initiative on ‘The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity’ (TEEB) is an important partner in implementing the CBD programme of work on incentive measures, and in particular its work on valuation. This major international initiative, funded by the European Commission, Germany, United Kingdom, Norway, the Netherlands and Sweden, and managed by the United Nations Environment Programme as part of its Green Economy Initiative (GEI), seeks to draw attention to the global economic benefits of biodiversity, to highlight the growing costs of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation, and to draw together expertise from the fields of science, economics and policy to enable practical actions moving forward.Members of the TEEB Advisory Board include the Executive Director of UNEP, the Executive Secretary of the CBD and the Director General of IUCN, amongst others.
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Question 14 of 20
14. Question
1 pointsThe “Red Data Books” published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resource (IUCN) contain lists of
- Endemic plant and animal species present in the biodiversity hotspots.
- Threatened plant and animal species.
- Protected sites for conservation of nature and natural resources in various countries.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
Correct
Ans b
Incorrect
Ans b
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Question 15 of 20
15. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements:
- Biodiversity is normally greater in the lower latitudes as compared to the higher latitudes.
- Along the mountain gradients, biodiversity is normally greater in the lower altitudes as compared to the higher altitudes.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Ans c
Incorrect
Ans c
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Question 16 of 20
16. Question
1 pointsBiodiversity forms the basis for human existence in the following ways:
- Soil formation
- Prevention of soil erosion
- Recycling of waste
- Pollination of crops
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
Correct
Ans d
Incorrect
Ans d
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Question 17 of 20
17. Question
1 pointsWhich one of the following is not a site for in-situ method of conservation of flora?
Correct
Ans b
Incorrect
Ans b
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Question 18 of 20
18. Question
1 pointsThree of the following criteria have contributed to the recognition of Western Ghats-Sri Lanka and Indo-Burma regions as hotspots of biodiversity:
- Species richness
- Vegetation density
- Endemism
- Ethno-botanical importance
- Threat perception
- Adaptation of flora and fauna to warm and humid conditions
Which three of the above are correct criteria in this context?
Correct
Ans c
Incorrect
Ans c
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Question 19 of 20
19. Question
1 pointsThe Himalayan Range is very rich in species diversity. Which one among the following is the most appropriate reason for this phenomenon?
Correct
Ans b
Incorrect
Ans b
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Question 20 of 20
20. Question
1 points‘Gadgil Committee Report’ and ‘Kasturirangan Committee Report’, sometimes seen in the news, are related to
Correct
Ans d
The Kasturirangan panel was set up to study the Gadgil committee report on the Western Ghats. The Kasturirangan report seeks to bring just 37% of the Western Ghats under the Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA) zones — down from the 64% suggested by the Gadgil report.
Recommended prohibition on development and commercial activities like mining, thermal power plants, polluting industries and large housing plans in Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA) zones.Incorrect
Ans d
The Kasturirangan panel was set up to study the Gadgil committee report on the Western Ghats. The Kasturirangan report seeks to bring just 37% of the Western Ghats under the Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA) zones — down from the 64% suggested by the Gadgil report.
Recommended prohibition on development and commercial activities like mining, thermal power plants, polluting industries and large housing plans in Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA) zones.