1. Hazrat Muhammad, the prophet, was born in the year:
(a) 570 A.D.
(b) 622 A.D.
(c) 642 A.D.
(d) 670 A.D.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (a) 570 A.D.
- Hazrat Muhammad was born around 570 CE in the city of Mecca in the Arabian peninsula.
- He is known as the “Holy Prophet” to Muslims and passed away in 632 CE.
|
2. Where is Mecca?
(a) Syria
(b) Iran
(c) Iraq
(d) Saudi Arab
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (d) Saudi Arab
- Hazrat Muhammad was born around 570 CE in Mecca, Arabia. Muslims see him as the “Holy Prophet”.
- He passed away in 632 CE.
|
3. The word ‘Hindu’ as a reference to the people of Hind (India) was first used by:
(a) The Greeks
(b) The Romans
(c) The Chinese
(d) The Arabs
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (d) The Arabs
- Many experts believe that the term “Hindu” was said by people from other countries who were not able to say the name of the Indus River.
- According to the Rig-Veda, Bharata is referred to as ‘Sapta Sindhu.’ Iranians called this area Hindustan and Greeks called it India.
- The term “Hindu” was first used by Arabs to refer to the people of India
|
4. According to Chachnama, what was the Capital of the Indu Country in the 6th and 7th centuries?
(a) Deval
(b) Arod
(c) Lodawa
(d) Barmer
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre.) 2020]
Ans (b) Arod
- The Chachnama is a Persian document that provides information about the history of Sindh from the 7th to 8th centuries.
- It is named after Raja Chach of Sindh who had a son named Dahir who fought against the invasion of Mohammaed Bin Qasim in the 7th century.
- The document mentions that Arod was the capital of the Indus region during the 6th and 7th centuries.
|
5. The first Muslim attack on India occurred in the year
(a) 674
(b) 1013
(c) 711
(d) None of these
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (d) None of these
- King Dahir of Sindh, now in Pakistan, fought a battle against Muhammad-Bin Qasim, the first Muslim invader, in 712 A.D. (Some people say it was 711 A.D.).
- Muhammad-Bin Qasim was victorious, defeating and killing Dahir.
|
6. When Muhammad-Bin-Qasim conquered Sindh
(a) 173 A.D.
(b) 716 A.D.
(c) 712 A.D.
(d) 719 A.D.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (c) 712 A.D.
- King Dahir of Sindh fought the battle with Muhammad-Bin-Qasim, the first Muslim invader who defeated Dahir in this battle.
- He arrived at the coast of Sindh in 712 A.D. (Now in Pakistan) and was successful in defeating and killing Dahir.
- Note: There is a dispute about the exact date of the first Muslim invasion of India. According to V.D. Mahajan, this date is 711 A.D. but according to Harish Chandra Verma, this date is 712 A.D.
|
Q 7. Given below are two statements, one is labeled as
Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Turkish invasions on India were successful.
Reason (R): There was no political unity in North India.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- The Turkish invasions in India were successful mainly due to the fact that India was made up of several small kingdoms that were constantly at war with each other.
- This made it easy for the Turks to take over, as a strong kingdom in the north would have been a deterrent.
|
8. The first Muslim invader in India was
(a) Qutbuddin Aybak
(b) Muhammad Ghazni
(c) Muhammad-Bin-Qasim
(d) Muhammad Ghori
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (c) Muhammad-Bin-Qasim
- Muhammad Bin Qasim was the first Muslim to invade India. In the early 800s, he led an unsuccessful attack on part of the country.
- The Arab empire couldn’t expand past Sindh and Multan and eventually weakened.
- According to Dr. Stenley Lanepool, the Arab conquest of Sindh was only a short chapter in India’s history and was not a complete victory. The Turks later finished their task.
|
9. The first Muslim invaders of India were –
(a) The Ghaznavids
(b) The Ghurids
(c) The Arabs
(d) None of the above
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) The Arabs
- In 712 A.D., Arabs led by Mohammad-Bin-Qasim invaded India, starting in Sindh.
- They overthrew the ruler, Raja Dahir, who was based in Aror (near modern Karachi).
- The Arabs attempted to attack Malwa but were unsuccessful.
- For the next 300 years, kings like Raja Bhoj and other Gurjara Kings kept Muslims from coming back.
|
10. Muhammad-Bin-Qasim was a –
(a) Turk
(b) Mongol
(c) Arab
(d) Turk-Afghan
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (c) Arab
- Muhammad-Bin-Qasim was an Arab ruler born around 695 A.D.
- He was the nephew and son-in-law of Iraq’s King AlHajjaj.
- At the age of seventeen, he was sent by Caliph al-Walid to lead an army to Sindh (India).
|
11. Who among the following was the founder of the Ghaznavid dynasty?
(a) Alptigin
(b) Mahmud
(c) Sebuktigin
(d) Ismail
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (a) Alptigin
- In the 900s, parts of Iran, Khurasan, and Trans-oxiana were controlled by the Samanids, who were of Iranian descent.
- One of the Samanid governors was a Turkish slave called Alp-origin.
- Eventually, he set up his own kingdom with its headquarters in Ghazni and started the Ghaznavid dynasty, which took over the Samanid Kingdom.
|
12. Which of the following Chandela Kings was not defeated by Mahmud Ghaznavi –
(a) Dhnaga
(b) Vidyadhar
(c) Jaishakti
(d) Danga
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (b) Vidyadhar
- The Chandela family is well-known in India’s past because of King Vidyadhar, who successfully stopped Mahmud Ghaznavi’s attacks between 1019 and 20 A.D.
- From the 900s to the 1200s, the Chandelas governed Central India.
- They originally lived in Khajuraho but later moved to Mahoba.
|
Q 13. Assertion (A): Mohd. Ghazni invaded India seventeen times.
Reason (R): He wanted to establish a permanent Muslim Empire in India.
Select the correct answer from the given codes :
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
- Mahmud of Ghazni took over from his father in 998 A.D. and created a large kingdom in Central Asia with its headquarters in Ghazni, which is now located in Southern Kabul (Afghanistan).
- He invaded India 17 times from 999 A.D. to 1027 A.D., stealing lots of wealth.
- These attacks were not to set up a long-term Muslim reign in India but to take the country’s riches.
|
14. Who was the court historian of Mahmud of Ghazni –
(a) Hassan Nizami
(b) Utbi
(c) Firdausi
(d) Chand Bardai
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (b) Utbi
- Mahmud of Ghazni was a looter who attacked India many times.
- However, in his home country of Afghanistan, he supported art and culture.
- He provided support to three people: Firdausi (a Persian poet known as the “Homer of the East”), Alberuni (an intelligent scholar from Central Asia) and Utbi (a court historian).
- They wrote books such as Shahnama, Tahqiq-I-Hind, Kitab-ud
|
15. Farista, the author of Shah-name was associated with the Court of
(a) Subuktagin
(b) Mahmud Ghazanavi
(c) Muhammad Ghori
(d) Alaptegin
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (b) Mahmud Ghazanavi
- The given question is wrong because Firdausi, not Ferishta, wrote Shahnama.
- Firdausi was a famous poet from the court of Mahmud of Ghazni and was known as the ‘Homer of the East’.
- So the correct answer should be option (b). Ferishta (1560-1620) wrote a book named Tareekh-e Ferishta.
- His full name was Muhammad Qasim Ferishta.
- He stayed at the court of Murtaza Nizam Shah in Ahmadnagar for some time and then moved to Bijapur.
- His book Tareekh-e Ferish
|
16. Who was the author of ‘Shahnama’?
(a) Utbi
(b) Firdausi
(c) Al-Beruni
(d) Barani
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (b) Firdausi
- Firdausi was an educated poet who worked for Mahmud of Ghazni’s court.
- He was also known as the “Homer of the East” and was very popular.
|
Q 17. The famous historian who visited India with Mahmud of Ghazni was –
(a) Ferishta
(b) Al-Beruni
(c) Afif
(d) Ibn Battuta
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) Al-Beruni
- In the 1100s, Al-Beruni traveled to India with Mahmud of Ghazni and stayed there for a long time.
- He translated Patanjali’s Yoga-Sutra into Arabic, which was called Kitab Patanjali.
- His most important work was called Tahqiq-I-Hind (Reality of Hindustan), where he wrote about the society and culture of India
|
18. Al-Beruni came to India in –
(a) 9th century A.D.
(b) 10th century A.D.
(c) 11th century A.D.
(d) 12th Century A.D.
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) 11th century A.D.
- In the 11th century, Al-Beruni, the creator of Indian history, went to India with Mahmud of Ghazni and stayed there for a long time.
- He translated Patanjali’s Yoga-Sutra into Arabic and wrote a book about Indian culture called Tahqiq-I-Hind (Reality of Hindustan).
- This book is one of his most important works.
|
19. Which scholar came to India with Mahmud Ghazni –
(a) Ibn Battuta
(b) Al-Beruni
(c) Amir Khusrau
(d) Ferishta
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (b) Al-Biruni
- In the 1100s, Al-Beruni, the creator of Indian History, went to India with Mahmud of Ghazni and stayed there for a long time.
- He translated Patanjali’s Yoga-Sutra into Arabic (called Kitab Patanjali) but his most famous work is Tahqiq-I-Hind (Reality of Hindustan), which includes a description of
|
20. Which one of the following statements about Al-biruni is not correct?
(a) He was a secular author
(b) His writing was influenced by India
(c) He was a Sanskrit Scholar
(d) He was an expert in trigonometry
[U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014]
Ans. (a) He was a secular author
- Alberuni was born in 973 in a place called Khiva in Central Asia.
- He was not a secular writer as he never showed any support for the raid of the Somnath temple by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1026.
|
21. The first Muslim who studied Puranas was –
(a) Abul Fazal
(b) Abdul Qadir Badayuni
(c) Al-Biruni
(d) Dara Shikoh
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (c) Al-Biruni
- Al-Biruni was the first Muslim to study the Puranas.
- He was interested in many areas of knowledge, such as astronomy, geography, medicine, mathematics, reasoning, religion and theology.
- This led him to be curious about the religious customs of India at the time.
- He learned Sanskrit and used information from works of authors like Brahmagupta, Balabhadra, and Varahamihira in his own writings.
|
22. Who among the following issued silver coins with Sanskrit legend on one side:
(a) Muhammad-Bin-Qasim
(b) Mahmud of Ghazni
(c) Sher Shah
(d) Akbar
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (b) Mahmud of Ghazni
- Mahmud Ghazni introduced coins that were stamped in India with Arabic and Sanskrit writing on both sides.
- The coins stamped in Lahore had a Sharda script and a version of the Islamic Kalima written in a common form of Sanskrit.
|
23. Which one of the following rulers from Central Asia conquered North India in 1192?
(a) Jalaluddin Mankbarni
(b) Mahmud of Ghazni
(c) Shihabuddin Muhammad Ghori
(d) Genghis Khan
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (c) Shihabuddin Muhammad Ghori
- Shihabbuddin Muhammad Ghori, the ruler of Central Asia, invaded northern India in 1192 A.D.
- His first attack happened in 1175 A.D., when he attacked Multan and Uch.
- The following year, he attacked Gujarat. In 1191 A.D., Ghori fought a battle against Prithviraj Chauhan and lost.
- However, in the next battle (1192 A.D.), he was victorious and this marked the beginning of a long period of Muslim rule in the region.
|
24. Who defeated Muhammad Ghori for the first time?
(a) Bhima- II
(b) Prithviraj Chauhan
(c) Jai Chand
(d) Prithviraj-II
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (a) Bhima- II
- Muhammad Ghori fought his first battle against the young Hindu ruler Raja Bhimdev-II of Gujarat who was from the Solanki Dynasty.
- His mother, Naika Devi, was the actual ruler and she caused a great defeat for Muhammad Ghori, so he never tried to invade India from Gujarat again.
|
25. In which battle Muhammad Ghori defeated Jayachandra-
(a) Battle of Tarain (1191 A.D.)
(b) Battle of Tarain (1192 A.D.)
(c) Battle of Chandawar (1194 A.D.)
(d) Battle of Kannauj (1194 A.D.)
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Battle of Chandawar (1194 A.D.)
- In 1194 A.D., Muhammad Ghori won a battle against Jayachandra Garhwal, the ruler of Kannauj, at Chandawar (now known as Firuzabad near Agra).
- This fight happened near the Yamuna River.
|
26. Which one of the following kings was defeated by Muhammad Ghori in the battle of Chandawar?
(a) Prithviraj Chauhan
(b) Jayachandra
(c) Kumarpala
(d) Bhima- II
[U.P.R.O./ A.R.O. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Jayachandra
- The battle of Chandawar happened between 1193 and 1194.
- It was between Muhammad Ghori and Jayachandra of Kannauj.
- It took place near the Yamuna River close to Agra
|
27. Who had Muhammad Ghori defeated in 1194 in the Battle of Chandawar?
(a) Kumarpal
(b) Jaichand
(c) Govindraj
(d) Bhim II
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (b) Jaichand
- The battle of Chandawar happened between 1193 and 1194 and was between Muhammad Ghori and Jayachandra of Kannauj.
- It was fought near Agra on the banks of the Yamuna
|
28. The battle that laid the foundation of Muslim domination in India was :
(a) First Battle of Tarain
(b) Second Battle of Tarain
(c) First Battle of Panipat
(d) Second Battle of Panipat
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (b) Second Battle of Tarain
- In 1192 AD, a battle was fought between Muhammad Ghori and the Rajput army of Prithviraj Chauhan near Tarain.
- Muhammad Ghori won, and this caused Muslim power to gain strength in northern India, which was an important event in Indian history.
|
29. Arrange the following names chronologically and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
1. Genghis Khan
2. Mahmud Ghaznavi
3. Muhammad Ghori
4. Taimur
Code :
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4
(b) 2, 3, 1, 4
(c) 3, 4, 1, 2
(d) 4, 1, 2, 3
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (b) 2, 3, 1, 4
- From 999-1027, Mahmud Ghazni went to India 17 times.
- Muhammad Ghori invaded India in 1175 and continued to conquer the region until 1205.
- After the death of Khwarizm Shah in 1221, people were worried that Genghis Khan would come to India, and this happened in 1398 when Taimur (Khan’s son) attacked India.
|
30. Coins of which Muslim ruler bears an image of Devi Lakshmi?
(a) Muhammad Ghori
(b) Alauddin Khalji
(c) Akbar
(d) None of the above
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (a) Muhammad Ghori
- The coins made by Ghori had a picture of the Hindu Goddess Lakshmi on one side and the word “Karma” written in Arabic on the other side.
|
31. Muhammad Ghori granted the first Iqta in India to –
(a) Tajuddin Yalduj
(b) Qutbuddin Aybak
(c) Shamsuddin Iltutmish
(d) Nazir-ud-din Qubacha
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (b) Qutbuddin Aybak
- After Ghori’s victories, the Iqta system was set up in North India. In 1192, Muhammad Ghori named Qutb-ud-din-Aybak to look after his Indian lands.
- He was successful in the second battle of Tarain, and so Ghori chose him to manage Kuhram and Samana.
- He was in charge of the territories conquered by Ghori until 1206 and during this time, Aibak also increased Turkish power in Northern India.
|
32. Which slave of Muhammad Ghori conquered Bengal and Bihar –
(a) Qutbudin Aybak
(b) Iltutmish
(c) Bakhtiyar Khalji
(d) Yaldauj
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (c) Bakhtiyar Khalji
- Muhammad Ghori and Aibak never planned to take over Bihar and Bengal.
- This was done by their slave, Ekhtiyar Uddin Muhammad-Bin-Bakhtiyar Khalji.
- From 1193 to 1202 AD, he was able to conquer Bihar and destroy Vikramshila Nalanda and capture the main city Odantpur.
- He attacked Bengal between 1198 and 1203, and the ruler Lakshman Sen did not fight and ran away.
- The Turkish army entered the capital city Nadiya and looted it.
- Without the King, the city had to surrender.
- Lakshman Sen found refuge in South Bengal and stayed there for some time.
- Bakhtiyar Khalji did not attempt to take over the entire region of Bengal.
|
