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Languages of India: A Structured Overview
1. Language Families
A classification of India’s languages by their linguistic roots.
- Indo-Aryan: The largest linguistic group in India.
- Dravidian: Includes major languages like Tamil and also tribal languages like Kui.
- Austric (Austro-Asiatic): Includes languages such as Khasi and Munda.
2. Major Languages by Number of Speakers
The most widely spoken languages in the Indian subcontinent.
- Hindi: The most widely spoken language.
- Bengali: The second most widely spoken language after Hindi.
3. Classical Languages of India
The list of languages granted the ‘Classical Language’ status in chronological order.
- Tamil (2004)
- Sanskrit (2005)
- Kannada (2008)
- Telugu (2008)
- Malayalam (2013)
- Odia (Odia) (2014)
- Marathi (2024)
- Bengali (2024)
- Assamese (2024)
- Pali (2024)
- Prakrit (2024)
4. Tribal and Lesser-Known Languages
Details on specific tribal languages.
Halbi:
Type: Tribal language.
Region: Spoken by tribes in Bastar, Chhattisgarh.
Speaker Range: Extends from Odisha to Maharashtra.
Ho:
Type: Tribal language.
Language Family: Munda (part of the Austric family).
Primary Region: Primarily spoken in West Singhbhum, Jharkhand.
Speaker Range: Also found from Odisha to Maharashtra.
Kui:
Type: Tribal language.
Language Family: Dravidian.
Region: Spoken by the Kui tribe in Kandhamal, Odisha.
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