1. In fruits and vegetables, the wax emulsion is used for –
(a) Creating shine on fruits and vegetables
(b) Extension of storage life
(c) Enhancing the ripening process
(d) None of the above
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (b) Extension of storage life
- Wax is used to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables.
- It is used to carry sprout inhibitors, growth regulators, and preservatives.
- If not applied correctly, the wax can cause a bad taste.
- Wax coating can keep fruits and vegetables fresh for 10 to 12 days.
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2. Which one of the following substances is used in the preservation of foodstuff?
(a) Citric Acid
(b) Potassium Chloride
(c) Sodium Benzoate
(d) Sodium Chloride
[44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (c) Sodium Benzoate
- Sodium Benzoate (E211) is a chemical used in food preservation.
- Its formula is C7 H5 NaO2 and it melts at 410 degrees Celsius.
- It is the salt form of benzoic acid when it is dissolved in water.
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3. Which one of the following is used in preservation?
(a) Sodium Chloride
(b) Sodium Benzoate
(c) Sodium Tartrate
(d) Sodium Acetate
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl.) (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (b) Sodium Benzoate
- Sodium Benzoate is a chemical used as a food preservative, with the identification number E211.
- It is made up of sodium, hydrogen, carbon and oxygen, and melts at 410 degrees Celsius.
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4. For the preservation of fruit juice which of the following is used?
(a) Acetic acid
(b) Formic acid
(c) Sulphuric acid
(d) Sodium Benzoate
[U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014]
Ans. (d) Sodium Benzoate
- Sodium Benzoate is a chemical with the formula C7H5NaO2.
- It is used to preserve food and has the E number E211.
- It is the same as benzoic acid when mixed with water and its melting point is 410 degrees Celsius.
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5. Which one of the following chemicals is used in food preservation?
(a) Sodium Chloride
(b) Caustic Soda
(c) Sodium Benzoate
(d) Sulfuric Acid
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) Sodium Benzoate
- Sodium Benzoate has the chemical formula C7H5NaO2.
- It is often used to preserve food, and is known by the code E211.
- It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid, and when dissolved in water it has a melting point of 410°C.
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6. Which one of the following is used in food preservation?
(a) Sodium Carbonate
(b) Acetylene
(c) Benzoic Acid
(d) Sodium Chloride
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (c) Benzoic Acid
- Benzoic acid is a clear, crystal-like, simple acid made from a type of gas called benzoin.
- Its salts, such as sodium benzoate, are often used in food to help it last longer.
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7. Potato chips are packed in plastic bags in the atmosphere of :
(a) Nitrogen Atmosphere
(b) Hydrogen Atmosphere
(c) Oxygen Atmosphere
(d) Iodine Atmosphere
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2016]
Ans. (a) Nitrogen Atmosphere
- Potato chips are put into plastic bags with nitrogen gas surrounding them to prevent them from becoming ruined.
- This means they last for a longer time, since bacteria and mold cannot grow without oxygen.
- It also helps to keep moisture away and ensures the chips stay in one piece during transportation.
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8. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) in food is used as :
(a) Colour enhancer
(b) Flavour enhancer
(c) Preserver
(d) Emulsifier
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (b) & (c) Flavour enhancer & Preserver
- Monosodium Glutamate, also known as Ajinomoto, is a sodium salt of glutamic acid.
- It is found in some foods such as tomatoes and cheese.
- MSG is often added to Chinese food, canned vegetables, soups and processed meats to make them taste better and to preserve them.
- It gives food an umami taste, which is a savory flavor.
- It was first invented in 1908 by a Japanese biochemist called Kikunae Ikeda.
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9. Fruits stored in a cold chamber exhibit longer storage life, because :
(a) Exposure to sunlight is prevented
(b) Concentration of CO2 in the environment is increased
(c) Rate of respiration is decreased
(d) There is an increase in humidity
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (c) Rate of respiration is decreased
- Fruits and vegetables can stay fresh for longer if stored in a cold place, as this slows down the ripening process.
- The rate of respiration is reduced, which means that less ethylene (also known as the ‘fruit-ripening hormone’) is produced.
- Different types of fruit have different levels of ethylene production, but the colder the storage temperature, the longer the shelf life.
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10. Refrigeration helps in food preservation by –
(a) Killing the germs
(b) Reducing the rate of biochemical reactions
(c) Destroying enzyme action
(d) Sealing the food with a layer of ice
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2013, U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (b) Reducing the rate of biochemical reactions
- Refrigeration helps keep food fresh by slowing down the growth of germs and slowing down chemical changes in food.
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11. Which of the following is a common refrigerant used in the domestic refrigerator?
(a) Neon
(b) Oxygen
(c) Freon
(d) None of the above
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) Freon
- Freon is a chemical used in everyday refrigerators.
- It is a brand name owned by the company Dupont and it is slightly poisonous but stable.
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12. ‘Triclosan’, considered harmful when exposed to high levels for a long time, is most likely present in which of the following?
(a) Food preservatives
(b) Fruit-ripening substances
(c) Reused plastic containers
(d) Toiletries
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (d) Toiletries
- Triclosan is a chemical that has antibacterial qualities and is used in many products to stop or lower the risk of bacteria.
- It is found in things like soaps, toothpaste, makeup, clothing, kitchenware, furniture, and toys.
- In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said that triclosan is not safe and effective to use in healthcare settings.
- The FDA also stopped the sale of antiseptic products with triclosan to consumers because the manufacturers didn’t prove that it is safe to use over a long period of time.
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13. Charcoal which is used in decoloring raw sugar is :
(a) Wood charcoal
(b) Sugar charcoal
(c) Animal charcoal
(d) Coconut charcoal
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (c) Animal charcoal
- Animal charcoal, which is also referred to as bone charcoal, is mainly used for filtering and changing the colour.
- Bone charcoal is commonly used in the sugar refining process as a way to remove colour and ash.
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14. The main component of honey is :
(a) Glucose
(b) Sucrose
(c) Maltose
(d) Fructose
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2002, I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (d) Fructose
- Honey is made up of different kinds of sugars like fructose (38.2%), glucose (31.3%), sucrose (1.3%), and maltose (7.1%), as well as water (17.2%).
- Fructose is a simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants.
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15. The sweetest sugar among the following is:
(a) fructose
(b) glucose
(c) maltose
(d) sucrose
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (a) fructose
- Fructose is the most sugary of all natural sugars.
- Different sugars have different levels of sweetness and this is shown in the table.
- Relative Sweetness Scale (Sucrose = 100)
| Compound |
Sweetness |
| Sucrose |
100 |
| Fructose |
140-170 |
| Glucose |
70-80 |
| Maltose |
30-50 |
| Galactose |
35 |
| Lactose |
20 |
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16. Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R) :
Assertion (A): Invert sugar is sweeter than sucrose.
Reason (R): Invert sugar is obtained by the hydrolysis of sucrose.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
- Invert sugar is created by breaking down sucrose (ordinary white sugar) into two components, fructose and glucose.
- It is usually made with hydrolysis, and it is sweeter than regular sugar because it has free fructose crystals, which is the sweetest type of sugar.
- Therefore, both statement A and R are true, but R is not the explanation for A.
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17. Match column I with column II and choose the correct answer using the code given below :
Column – I Column – II
A. Grape Sugar (i) Fructose
B. Fruit Sugar (ii) Sucrose
C. Milk Sugar (iii) Natural Sweetener
D. Table Sugar (iv) Glucose
E. Stevia (v) Lactose
Code :
A B C D E
(a) (ii) (iv) (v) (iii) (i)
(b) (i) (iii) (iv) (v) (ii)
(c) (iv) (i) (v) (ii) (iii)
(d) (i) (iv) (v) (iii) (ii)
[R.A.S./R.T.S (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (c) (iv) (i) (v) (ii) (iii)
| Grape Sugar |
Glucose |
| Fruit Sugar |
Fructose |
| Table Sugar |
Sucrose |
| Stevia |
Natural Sweetener |
| Milk Sugar |
Lactose |
18. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
1. Beet – Sugar
2. Honey – Glucose and Fructose
3. Cotton–cellulose
4. Milk – Lactose
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
Code :
(a) Only 1, 2, and 3
(b) Only 2, 3 and 4
(c) Only 1, 2 and 4
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
- All of the given pairs are correctly matched.
- Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.
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19. Aspartame is an artificial sweetener sold in the market. It consists of amino acids and provides calories like other amino acids. Yet, it is used as a low-calorie sweetening agent in food items. What is the basis of this use?
(a) Aspartame is as sweet as table sugar, but unlike table sugar, it is not readily oxidized in the human body due to a lack of requisite enzymes.
(b) When aspartame is used in food processing, the sweet taste remains, but it becomes resistant to oxidation.
(c) Aspartame is as sweet as sugar but after ingestion into the body, it is converted into metabolites that yield no calories.
(d) Aspartame is several times sweeter than table sugar, hence food items made with small quantities of aspartame yield fewer calories on oxidation.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (d) Aspartame is several times sweeter than table sugar, hence food items made with small quantities of aspartame yield fewer calories on oxidation
- Aspartame is a fake sweetener used in certain foods and drinks instead of sugar.
- It is 200 times sweeter than regular sugar, so very little of it is needed to create a sweet taste.
- This means that it almost has no calories when it is broken down.
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20. Aspirin is obtained from –
(a) Petroleum
(b) Earth
(c) A tree
(d) Chemical reaction of acids
[47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (c) A tree
- Aspirin is a medicine made from the bark of a latex tree.
- It helps reduce pain, fever, and inflammation by decreasing certain substances in the body.
- It can also be used to help prevent heart attacks, strokes, and chest pain.
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21. Aspirin is –
(a) Antibiotic
(b) Antipyretic
(c) Reliever
(d) None of the above
[40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (b) Antipyretic
- Antipyretics make the hypothalamus stop the body from getting too hot due to a chemical called prostaglandin.
- This helps the body cool down and get rid of fever.
- Aspirin is one kind of antipyretic.
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22. The antibiotic among the following is :
(a) Penicillin
(b) Aspirin
(c) Paracetamol
(d) Sulfadiazine
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
- Penicillin and sulfadiazine are both antibiotics, while aspirin and paracetamol are pain relievers and fever reducers.
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23. An example of antibiotic medicine :
(a) Aspirin
(b) Paracetamol
(c) Chloroquine
(d) Penicillin
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2020]
Ans. (d) Penicillin
- Out of the choices given, penicillin is an antibiotic.
- Aspirin and paracetamol are pain relievers and fever reducers while chloroquine is a drug used to treat malaria.
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24. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Antipyretic – Paracetamol
(b) Antifoaming – Polyamides Silicones
(c) Antiseptic – Aspirin
(d) Antrachitic – Calciferol (Vitamin D)
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (c) Antiseptic – Aspirin
- Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, is a medicine used to relieve minor aches, reduce fever, and reduce inflammation.
- It does not have antiseptic properties.
- The other pairs are matched correctly.
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25. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Chloromycetin – antityphoid
(b) Crystal violet – antiseptic
(c) Quinine – antimalarial
(d) Aspirin – anesthetic
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (d) Aspirin – anesthetic
- Aspirin does not make you numb.
- It helps to ease pain and reduce fever.
- Other medicines have the same effect.
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26. Which one of the following compounds is used as a sedative?
(a) Potassium Bromide
(b) Calcium Chloride
(c) Ethyl Alcohol
(d) Phosphorus Trichloride
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) Potassium Bromide
- Potassium Bromide (KBr) is a type of salt that was commonly used to help with seizures and calming people down in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
- It is also a medicine used to treat seizures in dogs.
- It is a clear or white powder, with a salty and bitter taste.
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27. Which one of the following forms an irreversible complex with hemoglobin of the blood?
(a) Carbon Dioxide
(b) Pure Nitrogen gas
(c) Carbon Monoxide
(d) A mixture of Carbon Dioxide and Helium
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (c) Carbon Monoxide
- Carbon monoxide is a dangerous gas that you cannot see or smell.
- It is made when fuels like coal, wood, oil, and natural gas are not burned correctly.
- When carbon monoxide is breathed in, a chemical called carboxyhemoglobin forms in the blood cells.
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28. Milk is homogenized by :
(a) Adding a little sodium carbonate
(b) Removing its fat
(c) Breaking down fat particles to the microscopic size with the help of a centrifuge
(d) Boiling only
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 1999]
Ans. (c) Breaking down fat particles to the microscopic size with the help of a centrifuge
- Homogenization makes the fat particles in the milk smaller so that it no longer separates.
- This makes it possible to sell milk with a specified fat content that won’t separate.
- Normally, the fat in the milk would separate from the water and float to the top.
- Homogenization makes the milk have a more consistent texture and appearance, and nothing is added to the milk.
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29. Which of the following oils is an extract of clove oil?
(a) Metheol
(b) Eugenol
(c) Methanol
(d) Benzaldehyde
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl.) (Mains) 2010, I.A.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (b) Eugenol
- Eugenol is a clear or pale yellow liquid taken from clove oil with the chemical formula C10H12O2.
- It has a strong clove scent and a spicy, sharp flavor.
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30. Which one of the following fruits is most suitable for jelly making?
(a) Mango
(b) Papaya
(c) Guava
(d) Wood apple
[U.P.P.C.S. (Main) 2013]
Ans. (c) Guava
- Eugenol is a clear or light yellow oil taken from clove oil that has a chemical formula of C10H12O2.
- It has a strong clove smell and a spicy, sharp flavor.
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31. Organic food is supposed to be better for us because it
(a) Relies on chemicals to improve the flavor
(b) Is more expensive to buy
(c) Is grown in glasshouses keeping it clean of environmental pollutants.
(d) Is grown without the use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides.
[U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014]
Ans. (d) Is grown without the use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides
- Organic food is grown by farmers who use renewable resources, preserve soil and water, and prioritize environmental protection for future generations.
- It is not made with most common pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, sewage sludge, or created with genetic modifications or radiation.
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