1. The historian Barani did not consider the state of India under Delhi Sultans as truly Islamic because :
(a) The majority of the population did not follow Islam
(b) The Muslim theologists were often disregarded
(c) The Sultan supplemented the Muslim law by framing his regulations
(d) religious freedom was accorded to non-Muslims
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (a) The majority of the population did not follow Islam
- The historian Barani did not think that the Delhi sultans had made India an Islamic state because most people in India were not Muslim.
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2. Most of the rulers (amirs) and sultans of the Sultanate period belonged to the class
(a) Turkish
(b) Mongols
(c) Tatars
(d) Arabs
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (a) Turkish
- During the Sultanate era, most of the rulers and sultans were from a Turkish background.
- The Sultan was the leader of the government, and those in high positions were referred to as ‘Amir’.
- These people had a big influence when the Sultan was not capable, weak, or too young.
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3. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(a) Dewan-i-Bandagan – Tughluq
(b) Dewan-i-Mustakhraj – Balban
(c) Dewan -i-Kohi – Alauddin Khilji
(d) Dewan-i-Arz – Muhammad Tughluq
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (a) Dewan-i-Bandagan – Tughluq
- Firuz Shah Tughluq set up the Diwan-i-Bandagan, which was in charge of slaves.
- Aladdin Khilji then established the Diwan-i-Mustakhraj to tackle corruption and stealing from the revenue system.
- Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq made the Diwani-Amir Kohi department.
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4. Who created the Department of Diwan-i-Arz in the Delhi Sultanate?
(a) Balban
(b) Iltutmish
(c) Alauddin Khilji
(d) Firuz Tughluq
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (a) Balban
- Balban (1266-1286 CE) had a major role in creating the Delhi Sultanate.
- He made a distinction between the Finance Department (Diwan-i-wizard) and the Military Department (Diwan-i-Arz).
- He also restructured the Military Department and sent the army to different places to stop the revolt.
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5. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched:
(a) Diwan-i-Mushtakharaj – Alauddin Khilji
(b) Diwan-i-Amir Kohi – Muhammad Bin Tughluq
(c) Diwan-i-Khairat – Firuz Tughluq
(d) Diwan-i-Riyasat – Balban
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (d) Diwan-i-Riyasat – Balban
- The following rulers created different departments:
- Alauddin Khilji set up a Revenue Department.
- Muhammad-Bin Tughluq created an Agriculture Department.
- Firuz Tughluq created a Department of Charity.
- Alauddin Khilji also created a Market Control Department.
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6. Match List-I and List-II and choose your answer from the codes given below:
List-I List-II
| A. Diwan-i-Arz |
1. Dealt with religious matters |
| B. Diwan-i-Risalat |
2. Dealt with the state’s correspondence |
| C. Diwan-i-Insha |
3. Dealt with the Finance Dept |
| D. Diwan-i-Wizarat |
4. Dealt with the Military Dept |
Code:
A B C D
(a) 1 3 4 2
(b) 2 4 1 3
(c) 3 2 1 4
(d) 4 1 2 3
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2013]
Ans. (d) 4 1 2 3
- The correctly matched departments and their activities are as follows :
| A. Diwan-i-Arz |
Dealt with the Military department |
| B. Diwan-i-Risalat |
Dealt with religious issues/ matters/related to foreign matters. |
| C. Diwan-i-Insha |
Dealt with State correspondence |
| D. Diwan-i-Wizarat |
Dealt with financial matters |
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7. ‘Diwan-E-Arj’ department was associated with:
(a) Royal correspondence
(b) Foreign
(c) Defence
(d) Finance
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) Defence
- The Diwan-i-Arz handled matters related to the military.
- Diwan-i-Risalat handled religious issues and foreign matters.
- Diwan-i-Insha handled state correspondence.
- Diwan-i-Wizarat handled financial issues.
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8. Which one of the following dynasties saw the heyday of the Wizarat:
(a) The Ilbari
(b) The Khalji
(c) The Tughluq
(d) The Lodi
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (c) The Tughluq
- Wizarat was an institution recognized in Islamic law.
- This name was used for the Minister of Council under a ruler, which was inspired by Persia from the Abbasi Caliphs.
- Abbas Fazal-Bin-Ahmad was the first Wazir during the reign of Mahmud Ghaznavi.
- This prime minister was in charge of the finances of the state and was known as the Wazir.
- During the Tughlaq era, Indian Muslim Wizarat was at its peak.
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9. Which of the following indicates taxes levied on the land product?
i. Kharaj
ii. Khums
iii. Ushr
iv. Muktai
Select your answer from the following codes –
(a) Only i
(b) ii and iii
(c) i, ii and iii
(d) I, iii, and iv
[40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (d) I, iii, and iv
- In Islamic culture, Khums is a tax paid by the Muslim army which requires 20% of the gains from war to be given to the Islamic state.
- The other 80% is collected from the land’s resources.
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10. Which medieval king of India introduced the ‘Iqta system’?
(a) Iltutmish
(b) Balban
(c) Alauddin Khilji
(d) None of these
[U. P. P. C. S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) Iltutmish
- Iltutmish brought the ‘Iqta’ system to India.
- This system was part of the Caliph’s Islamic empire and allowed army officials to receive land instead of a regular salary.
- It was created in the 9th century A.D. to help the government when taxes weren’t bringing in enough money to pay salaries and there wasn’t enough loot from wars.
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11. Which one of the following is NOT the characteristic of the ‘Iqta System’?
(a) Iqta was a revenue collection system
(b) Siyasatnama was the source of information for the Iqta system
(c) Revenue from Iqta was directly deposited in Sultan’s account
(d) Muqti was supported to maintain troops out of the revenue collected from Iqta
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (c) Revenue from Iqta was directly deposited in Sultan’s account
- Iltutmish introduced the Iqta system in India during the Sultanate period.
- The Iqtadar or Muqti were responsible for revenue and tax collection in the area they were in charge of.
- The money collected from the Iqta was used by the Muqti to cover their military and administrative expenses and to pay troops to serve the Sultan.
- Abu Ali Hasan Ibn Ali Tusi’s Siyasat Nama is the main source of information for the original Iqta system.
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12. Consider the following statements:
1. In the revenue administration of the Delhi Sultanate, the in charge of revenue collection was known as ‘Amil’.
2. The Iqta system of Sultans of Delhi was an ancient indigenous institution.
3. The office of ‘Mir Bakshi’ came into existence during the reign of Khalji Sultans of Delhi.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) 1 only
- The area was split into districts or towns.
- The government worker in a district was called an Amil, who gathered taxes.
- The mushrik kept track of things at the local level and the Khazandar managed the money.
- Iqta was not native.
- The Mir Bakshi was responsible for the military, the nobility, and the information and intelligence bureaus during Mughal rule.
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13. Supreme rural officials of land revenue in the Sultanate period?
(a) Chaudhary
(b) Ravat
(c) Malik
(d) Patwari
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (a) Chaudhary
- During the Sultanate period, Chaudhary had a big role in the traditional social hierarchy.
- The Sultan was on top, followed by the Sultan’s governor and the village headman, who was the Chaudhary.
- When the Sultanate started to reduce the authority of the Rais, they asked Chaudhary to collect taxes.
- Therefore, Chaudhary was the main tax collector for villages during the Sultanate period.
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14. ‘Sharb’ was a tax levied on:
(a) Trade
(b) Irrigation
(c) Non-Muslims
(d) Industry
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (b) Irrigation
- Firuz Tughluq used the rules in the Quran to decide how much to tax people.
- He allowed four taxes that were approved by the Quran:
- He also imposed a 10% tax on crops based on the advice of religious experts.
- He got rid of 28 harsh taxes.
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15. Zawabits were concerned with :
(a) State laws
(b) Law regulating mansab system
(c) Laws regulating mint house
(d) Agricultural taxes
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1997, 39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) State laws
- Zawabits were laws connected to the government during the time of the Sultan.
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16. Hadis is –
(a) Islamic Law
(b) Settlement Law
(c) Tax of Sultanate period
(d) Mansabdar
(e) None of these
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (a) Islamic Law
- The Hadis (or Hadith) is a group of stories about the things Muhammad said, did, and allowed.
- They tell us what was okay or not okay to do around him.
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17. Fawazil in the Sultanate period meant :
(a) Extra payment to the nobles
(b) Revenue assigned in lieu of salary
(c) Excess amount paid to the exchequer by the Iqtadars
(d) Illegal exactions extracted from the peasants
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (c) Excess amount paid to the exchequer by the Iqtadars
- During the Sultanate period, extra money paid to the government by landowners was called “Fawazil”.
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18. Find out the two main currencies of the Sultanate the period from the code given below :
1. Dam 2. Jital
3. Rupiya 4. Tanka
Code :
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 2 and 4
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (d) 2 and 4
- During the Sultanate period, two main types of money were used: Jital and Tanka.
- Iltutmish, the first Turkish ruler, is credited with introducing pure Arabian coins.
- He was the first to create Tanka coins of silver and Jital coins of copper, which had a big impact on the currency system of the Delhi Sultanate.
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19. Who among the following started the ‘Tanka’ silver coin?
(a) Alauddin Khilji
(b) Qutbuddin Aibak
(c) Iltutmish
(d) Balban
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Iltutmish
- During the Sultanate period, two popular currencies were Jital and Tanka.
- Iltutmish, a Turkish leader, was the first to introduce Arabian coins.
- He was also the first to introduce the well-known Tanka (silver) and Jital (copper) coins, which made a great impact on the Delhi Sultanate’s currency system.
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20. Who was the medieval king responsible for introducing the silver coin called ‘Tanka’ in North India?
(a) Iltutmish
(b) Raziyya
(c) Alauddin Khilji
(d) Muhammad Tughluq
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) Iltutmish
- During the Sultanate period, two main types of coins were used – Jital and Tanka.
- Iltutmish, the first Turkish ruler, made a big impact on the currency system of the Delhi Sultanate by introducing the well-known Tanka coins (made of silver) and Jital coins (made of copper).
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21. Coins-Tanka, Shashgani, and Jital of the Sultanate period were made of which of the following metals-
(a) Silver, Copper
(b) Gold, Silver, Copper
(c) Silver, Zink, Copper
(d) Gold, Zink, Copper
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) Silver, Copper
- Iltutmish was the first leader to produce coins that were used regularly and to name Delhi as the main city of his kingdom.
- He created the ‘Tanka’ and the ‘Jital’ coins which were made from silver and copper, respectively.
- He also created the ‘Shashgani’ coin which was silver. The tanka and vital coins had a ratio of 1:48.
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22. On whose coins is the name of the last Caliph of Baghdad appeared for the first time?
(a) Qutbuddin Aybak
(b) Iltutmish
(c) Alauddin Khalji
(d) Alauddin Masud Shah
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (d) Alauddin Masud Shah
- For the first time, the name of the last Caliph of Baghdad, Al-Mustasim, appeared on the coins of Alauddin Masud Shah, who was in office from 1242 to 1246 A.D.
- The Caliph Mustansir name was put on the coins of Iltutmish, who was in power from 1226 to 1242 A.D.
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