Clouds Notes with PDF
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Cloud Formation & Basics
- Definition: Clouds are the result of condensation of water vapor in the atmosphere.
- Thundercloud Development (Cumulonimbus): The development of thunderclouds is due to a combination of factors:
- High temperature and humidity (provides ample moisture and energy).
- Orography (mountains forcing air to rise).
- Vertical wind (strong upward air currents).
- Condensation (the process that forms the cloud itself).
Cloud Types and Characteristics
- Clouds for Intense Rain:
- Cumulonimbus clouds are responsible for highly intense, often convective, rainfall, including thunderstorms and hail.
- Clouds for Widespread Rain:
- Nimbostratus clouds are thick, layered clouds that are responsible for continuous and widespread precipitation, typically of moderate intensity.
- Cloud Altitudes:
- The highest altitude clouds are Cirrostratus clouds, which are thin, wispy, and found in the upper troposphere.
Thunderstorms
- Cause of Thunder:
- Thunder is produced by the intense heat from lightning, which causes a rapid expansion of air.
- Common alternative descriptions (e.g., clouds colliding, violent air movement) are not accurate. The cause is directly linked to the lightning discharge.
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