1. Which one of the following upheavals took place in Bengal immediately after the Revolt of 1857?
(a) Sanyasi
(b) Santhal Rebellion
(c) Indigo Revolt
(d) Pabna Disturbances
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (c) Indigo revolt
- The Indigo Revolt in Bengal happened right after the 1857 revolt.
- It had been preceded by the Sanyasi Rebellion (1763-1800) and the Santhal Rebellion (1855-56).
- The Pabna uprising took place in 1873-76.
- The Indigo Revolt started in Govindpur village of Nadia district in West Bengal and was led by Digambar Viswas and Vishnu Viswas who encouraged the peasants to stand up against the British planters who were forcing them to take advances and sign unfair contracts to grow indigo, which wasn’t profitable for them.
- The revolt grew and spread to areas like Nadia, Pabna, Khulna, Dhaka, Malda, and Dinajpur.
- All the indigo factories had to be closed due to the strike.
- People in Bengal supported the Movement through articles and rallies, and the editor of “Hindu Patriot” Harishchandra Mukherjee played a key role.
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2. The Indigo Rebellion was about
(a) the peasant did not want to grow indigo but was being forced
(b) the peasant wants to grow indigo but is being forced not to
(c) the peasant did not want to grow indigo but being forced to grow at a price that was unacceptable
(d) a protest movement that carried an indigo-colored flag
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (c) the peasant did not want to grow indigo but being forced to grow at a price that was unacceptable
- The British planters had been forcing the peasants to accept advances and sign unfair contracts. This led to the Indigo revolt by peasants.
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3. Who is the author of ‘Neel Darpan’ a book written on the miserable condition of indigo farmers?
(a) Bankim Chandra Chatterji
(b) Dinbandhu Mitra
(c) Sharat Chandra Chatterji
(d) Rabindranath Tagore
[42nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (b) Dinbandhu Mitra
- Dinbandhu Mitra also wrote a play about the Indigo revolt in 1869, called Neel Darpan.
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6. Who was the composer of the song ‘Vande Mataram’?
(a) Rabindra Nath Tagore
(b) Ramdhari Singh Dinkar
(c) Sarojini Naidu
(d) Bankimchandra Chatterjee
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2005, Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (d) Bankimchandra Chatterjee
- The Indian national song “Vande Mataram” was taken from Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s famous work “Anand Math”.
- This novel was about the Sanyasi Rebellion.
- Rabindra Nath Tagore sang it for the first time during the Indian National Congress session in Calcutta in 1896.
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7. The theme of the novel Anandmath is based on:
(a) Chuar Revolt
(b) Sanyasi Revolt
(c) Poligar Revolt
(d) Talukdar’s Revolt
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (b) Sanyasi Revolt
- Bankim Chandra Chatterjee included a reference to the Sanyasi Revolt in his novel “Anand Math”.
- The British Government’s rule and economic policies caused a lot of hardship for peasants, landlords, and craftsmen.
- A famine in 1770 was particularly devastating.
- Sanyasis, who had a tradition of protesting against injustice, rebelled against the British.
- They put up a brave fight, but the revolt was eventually put down by Warren Hastings after a long campaign.
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8. Which one of the following revolts was made famous by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in his novel ‘Anand Math’?
(a) Bhil uprising
(b) Rangpur and Dinajpur uprising
(c) Bishnupur and Birbhum rebellion
(d) Sanyasi rebellion
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (d) Sanyasi rebellion
- Bankim Chandra Chatterjee wrote the song ‘Vande Mataram’ and he also wrote a book called “Anand Math” which talked about the Sanyasi Revolt.
- The British Government’s arrival and new economic policy ruined peasants, landlords, and artisans.
- A terrible famine happened in 1770 and Sanyasis were not allowed to go on pilgrimages.
- This made them very angry and they started a fight against the British.
- It took a long time, but eventually, Warren Hastings put the revolt down.
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9. Who among the following made the ‘Sanyasi Rebellion famous through his writings?
(a) Din Bandhu Mitra
(b) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
(c) Sisir Kumar Ghosh
(d) Harish Chandra
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (b) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
- Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, the composer of ‘Vande Mataram’, wrote about the Sanyasi Revolt in his book “Anand Math”.
- The British government and its economic plans caused a lot of damage to farmers, landowners, and craftsmen.
- A terrible famine happened in 1770, and the Sanyasis were stopped from going on pilgrimages.
- This made them very angry, and they began a big revolt against the British.
- They fought bravely against the British soldiers, but eventually, Warren Hastings was able to put an end to the revolt after a long fight.
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10. The theme of Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s famous novel ‘Anand Math’ is based on
(a) Chuar revolt
(b) Rangpur and Dinajpur revolt
(c) Vishnupur and Veerbhumi revolt
(d) Sanyasi revolt
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (d) Sanyasi revolt
11. What was the purpose of Barhiyataal resistance in Munger?
(a) Demand for Bakast land restoration
(b) Muslim peasants may not be exploited
(c) Abolishment of Zamindari custom
(d) Beginning of class struggle
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) Demand for Bakast land restoration
- The Barhiyataal revolt was led with the goal of getting Bakasht Land back.
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12. The chief center of the Wahabi Movement during the 19th century was:
(a) Lahore
(b) Patna
(c) Amritsar
(d) Pune
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (b) Patna
- During the 19th century, the Wahabi Movement posed a serious challenge to British power in India.
- It was led by Syed Ahmed, who was heavily influenced by Abdul Wahab of Arabia and Shah Walliulah, a holy man from Delhi.
- This religious revival movement said that bringing back the original spirit of Islam was the only way to end social and political oppression.
- Syed Ahmad spread the Wahabi faith in Kabul, the North-West Frontier Province, Bengal, Bihar, and Central Provincial regions.
- He briefly captured Peshawar in 1830 and even issued coins with his name on them, but died in the Battle of Balakot the following year.
- After his death, Patna became the center of the Wahabi Movement.
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13. Kuka Movement was organized by –
(a) Guru Ram Das
(b) Guru Nanak
(c) Guru Ram Singh
(d) Guru Gobind Singh
[45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (c) Guru Ram Singh
- Kuka Movement was similar to the Wahabi Movement.
- Both movements began as religious revolts but converted into a political movement, which had a general ideology of the removal of British rule from India.
- In Western Punjab, the Kuka Movement was initiated by Bhagat Jawahar Mal in 1840 who was known as Sian Sahib.
- The origin of Kuka Movement had its roots in the religious purification of Sikhism.
- The leader of the Kuka Movement, Ram Singh, was expelled to Rangoon in 1872 where he died in 1885.
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14. The Kuka Movement was founded in
(a) Bengal
(b) Bihar
(c) Punjab
(d) Maharashtra
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (c) Punjab
- Kuka Movement and Wahabi Movement were both similar in that they began as religious revolts but evolved into a political movement with the goal of ending British rule in India.
- The Kuka Movement was started by Bhagat Jawahar Mal (Sian Sahib) in 1840 in Western Punjab and was based on the idea of purifying Sikhism.
- Ram Singh, the leader of the Kuka Movement, was sent to Rangoon in 1872 where he passed away in 1885.
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15. The Pagalpanthi rebellion was indeed a rebellion of :
(a) Bhils
(b) Garos
(c) Gonds
(d) Koliyas
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) Garos
- The Pagalpanthi rebellion was a revolt of the Garos Pagalpanth, a spiritual group set up by Karam Shah of Northern Bengal.
- Tipu, Karam Shah’s son and successor, was motivated by religious and political aspirations.
- He and Shah encouraged the people to protect their beliefs and the peasants’ rights in Bengal.
- In 1825, Tipu took control of Sherpur and declared himself king.
- He then appointed a judge, a magistrate, and a collector to manage the government.
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16. Who founded the ‘Pagal Panth’?
(a) Bulleh Shah
(b) Karam Shah
(c) Yaduvendra Singh
(d) Swami Shajananda
[56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (b) Karam Shah
- The Pagalpanthi rebellion was started by the Garos Pagalpanth, a religious group created by Karam Shah of North Bengal.
- His son Tipu was determined to protect the rights of the peasants and keep their religion alive.
- In 1825, Tipu took control of Sherpur and became king.
- He then put a judge, magistrate, and collector in place to govern the area.
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17. With reference to “Santhal Hool” of 1855, which of the following statement/s is/are correct?
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
1. Major Baroz lost the battle with Santhals near Bhagalpur.
2. Gokko was an important leader of Godda.
3. Mahajan Deen Dayal Rai is also an important name in this context.
4. There was a time when Santhals enjoyed full sovereignty over the area of Ganga valley near Muzaffarpur.
Codes:
(a) 1 only
(b) 1, 3, 4
(c) 1, 2, 3
(d) 2 & 3 only
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (c) 1, 2, 3
- The Santhal Rebellion, also known as the Santhal Hool, was a rebellion in Jharkhand, India against the British colonial power and the Zamindari System by the Santhal people.
- It was led by Sido/Sindhu and Kanhu in July 1855 and British troops were defeated by a group of Santhal fighters.
- Gokko and Mahajan Deen Dayal Rai were important leaders in the revolt, which was mainly fought in the area between Bhagalpur and Barddhaman
- However, the Santhals were not successful in gaining control of the Ganga Valley.
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18. Who among the following was the leader of the Farazi rebellion:
(a) Aga Muhammad Raza
(b) Dadu Miyan
(c) Shamsher Gazi
(d) Wazir Ali
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) Dadu Miyan
- Haji Shariatullah started this group in Faridpur, India.
- They wanted large changes in religion, government, and society.
- Dadu Miyan, Haji Shariatullah’s son, led a rebellion against the British.
- In 1860, after Dadu Miyan passed away, this movement joined with the Wahabis.
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19. Who were the Faraizis?
(a) Followers of Haji Shariatullah
(b) Followers of Dadu
(c) Followers of the Arya Samaj
(d) Followers of the Muslim League
[56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (a)
- Haji Shariatullah began a group in Faridpur, Bangladesh.
- The group proposed significant changes in religion, politics, and society.
- His son, Dadu Miyan, fought against the British.
- After his death in 1860, the movement combined with the Wahabis.
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20. Velu Thampi led a rebellion against the British in
(a) Kerala
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Mysore
(d) Telangana
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (a)
- In 1805, Wellesley forced the King of Travancore (Kerala) to sign an agreement.
- The king was unhappy with the deal and refused to give money to the British.
- The British representative acted in a rude way, so Velu Thampi rebelled and got help from the Niar battalion.
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21. Who founded Ramosi Krishak Jatha in Maharashtra?
(a) Justice Ranade
(b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(c) Vasudeo Balwant Phadke
(d) Jyotiba Phule
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (c) Vasudeo Balwant Phadke
- Vasudeo Balwant Phadke founded the Ramosi Krishak Jatha in 1845.
- He got people from the Ramosi tribe and trained them to fight.
- He was arrested and sent to prison for life but died in 1883 because he refused to eat during a protest against British rule.
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22. The correct geographical location for the Ramosi Uprising was –
(a) Western India
(b) Eastern Ghats
(c) Eastern India
(d) Western Ghats
[56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (d) Western Ghats
- The people of the Ramosi hill tribes in the Western Ghats did not like British rule and their way of governing.
- In 1822, Chittur Singh started a revolt and attacked the area around Satara.
- There were more revolts between 1825 and 1826, and the area stayed unstable until 1829.
- Then, in 1840 and 1841, the people rose up again because Raja Pratap Singh of Satara had been removed and banished in September 1839. Eventually, a strong
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23. Which of the following places was the center of the Gadakari rebellion:
(a) Bihar Sharif
(b) Kolhapur
(c) Surat
(d) Sylhet
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) Kolhapur
- The Gadakaris were people who had jobs that were passed down in their families to work for the Marathas and look after their forts.
- In 1844, they started a rebellion in Kolhapur because of how bad the rules were for paying and getting land.
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24. Trace the tribe that rebelled against the Britishers because the human sacrifice system was banned –
(a) Kuki
(b) Khond
(c) Oraon
(d) Nackda
[40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (b) Khond
- The Khond was a group of native people that existed in places from Bengal to Tamil Nadu in Central India.
- This tribe led by Chakra Bisoi revolted against British rule from 1837 to 1856.
- The major cause of the revolt was the abolishment of the Mariah system, a tradition of human sacrifice among the Khonds, and the implementation of new taxes by the British Government.
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25. Who had led Kol Revolt?
(a) Budhu Bhagat
(b) Surga
(c) Bhagat
(d) Jatra Bhagat
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (a) Budhu Bhagat
- Budhu Bhagat led a rebellion known as the Kol Revolt in Chhota Nagpur in the early 1830s.
- Unfortunately, the British Government was able to put down the revolt by 1848.
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26. The Kol Mutiny of 1831 under Buddho Bhagat took place in which of the following regions?
(a) Kutch
(b) Singhbhum
(c) Western Ghats
(d) Satara
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2010]
Ans (b) Singhbhum
- Kols are the people of Chhotanagpur.
- This area included Ranchi, Singhbhum, Hazaribagh, Palamu, and the western part of Manbhum.
- With the introduction of new land laws in 1831, people from outside the region such as Hindu, Sikh, Muslim farmers, and money lenders, started coming into tribal areas and exploiting them.
- Under the leadership of Buddho Bhagat, the Kol rebels revolted and killed around 1,000 outsiders.
- It took a lot of military action to finally restore
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27. Who was the leader of the Bhumij Revolt?
(a) Bhagirath
(b) Dubia Gosain
(c) Jatra Bhagat
(d) Ganga Narain
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre.) 2021]
Ans (d) Ganga Narain
- Bhumij (one who is born from the soil) revolt was led by Ganga Narain.
- It occurred in 1832-33 in the Manbhum area in the Midnapur district of Bengal presidency.
- The rebellion was the result of the persecution of the Bhumij tribe people by the king and the exploitatory policies of the British Raj.
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28. The Waghera Uprising happened in –
(a) Surat
(b) Poona
(c) Calicut
(d) Baroda
[56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (d) Baroda
- The Gaekwad of Baroda, backed by the British Government, forced the Waghera Chief to fight.
- The Wagheras launched a rebellion against British rule between 1818-1819.
- The revolt was ended in November 1820 with a peace treaty.
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29. Arrange the following uprisings against the British colonial power in India prior to 1857 in the various parts of the country in the correct order:
(i) Sepoy mutiny in Bengal
(ii) Kutch Rebellion
(iii) Sepoy mutiny at Vellore
(iv) Santhal uprising
(v) Kol uprising
Code :
(a) (i), (iii), (ii), (v), (iv)
(b) (ii), (iii), (i), (v), (iv)
(c) (iv), (i), (iii), (ii), (v)
(d) (iii), (i), (ii), (iv), (v)
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) (i), (iii), (ii), (v), (iv)
- The British colonial power in India was challenged in the following order: First, a battalion of Hector Munro and Mir Qasim fought in the Battle of Buxar in 1764.
- Second, the Sepoy Mutiny at Vellore happened in 1806.
- Third, the Kutch Rebellion was from 1819 to 1831.
- Lastly, the Kol Uprising happened in 1831
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30. Which of the following years ‘Santhal revolt’ occur?
(a) 1831-32 AD
(b) 1844-46 AD
(c) 1851-52 AD
(d) 1855-56 AD
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) 1855-56 AD
- The British colonial power in India faced several uprisings, listed here in order of when they happened:
- The Sepoy mutiny in Bengal in 1764, the Sepoy Mutiny at Vellore in 1806, the Kutch Rebellion from 1819-31, the Kol Uprising from 1831-32, and the Santhal Revolt from 1855-56.
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31. After the Santhal Uprising subsided, what was/were the measure/measures taken by the colonial government?
1. The territories called ‘Santhal Paraganas’ were created.
2. It became illegal for a Santhal to transfer land to a non-Santhal.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (c) Both 1 and 2
- In 1855-56 AD, the Santhal Rebellion was a major uprising of the tribal people in Bihar and Odisha.
- After it was put down, the British Government agreed to the demand for a Santhal Paragana district.
- The Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act was then created which stopped Santhal land from being given to people who weren’t Santhal.
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32. Which of the above pairs is not correctly matched?
Rebellion Year
(a) Santhal 1855
(b) Kol 1831
(c) Khasi 1829
(d) Ahom 1815
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (d) Ahom 1815
- In 1828, Gomdhar Kunwar led a rebellion in the Ahom region.
- In 1829-1833, Teerat Singh led the Khasi Rebellion. In the Chhotanagpur region, Buddho Bhagat and Ganga Narayan led the Kol revolt from 1831-1832.
- The famous Santhal Rebellion from 1855-1856 was led by four brothers: Sindhu, Kanhu, Chad, and Bhairav.
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33. When did the Chhotanagpur Tribal Revolt occur?
(a) 1807-1808
(b) 1820
(c) 1858-1859
(d) 1889
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (b) 1820
- No revolt was named the Chhotanagpur Tribal Revolt.
- However, several revolts took place at various times like the Chera revolt (1800), the Kol revolt (1831-32), the Santhal revolt (1855-56), and the Munda revolt (1899-1900).
- If the Ho revolt (1820-21) is included,
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34. Who led the revolt of Santhals?
(a) Siddhu-Kanhu
(b) Bhairav Chand
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of (a) and (b)
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) Both (a) and (b)
- The Santhal Rebellion was a huge challenge for the British East India Company during the early part of their rule.
- Landlords and moneylenders were mistreating the tribal peasants and increasing their taxes.
- The European railway contractors also forced them to do labor.
- This caused many of the tribal people to move away and the Santhals saw this as a sign of their community breaking apart.
- Two brothers, Sidhu and Kanhu, started the rebellion in June 1855, gathering people at Bhagna Dihi and rising up against the British.
- The rebellion was centered in the Birbhum and Murshidabad districts of Bengal and Bhagalpur in Bihar and was supported by other social classes.
- Despite their intensity, the Santhals failed to overpower the British military, and the rebellion was eventually crushed.
- Later Santhal insurgencies in the 19th century remembered the Santhal rebellion.
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35. Who led the Santhal rebellion?
(a) Jaipal Singh
(b) Master Tara Singh
(c) Shibu Soren
(d) Siddhu and Kanhu
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (d) Siddhu and Kanhu
- The Santhal Rebellion was a very serious problem for the British East India Company in the early part of their rule.
- People were being treated unfairly by landlords and moneylenders, and taxes had increased a lot.
- Plus, European railway workers were demanding people do forced labor.
- Some people moved away, which made the Santhals worry that their community was breaking apart.
- Two brothers, Sidhu and Kanhu, started the rebellion in June 1855.
- They gathered together and fought against the British.
- The rebellion spread to the Birbhum and Murshidabad districts of Bengal and Bhagalpur in Bihar.
- The British had more powerful weapons, so the rebellion eventually ended.
- But some Santhals kept fighting in the late 1800s, remembering the bravery of the Santhal Rebellion.
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36. What was the Santhal Pargana region called in ancient times?
(a) Narikhand
(b) Man-Varjikah
(c) Kartasina
(d) None of these
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) Narikhand
- In the past, the Santhal Pargana area was known as ‘Narikhand’. Buddhist writings refer to it as ‘Kajangala’.
- During the Mahabharat era, this region was included in the Anga Mahajanapada.
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37. Which British Commander was defeated by the Santhals in 1855?
(a) Captain Nek Feville
(b) Lt. Bastain
(c) Major Burrough
(d) Colonel White
[47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (c) Major Burrough
- The Santhals did not have many complaints against the ‘Whites’ or ‘Sahibs’.
- Their main issue was with the ‘Dikus’ (government officers). 10,000 Santhals got together in Bhognadih on June 30, 1855, and made a decision to fight the corrupt Government officials, the “Dikus”.
- The Dikus had tricked them, made them slaves, and hurt their women; so they had no choice but to fight.
- They grouped together under their leaders Sidhu, Kanu, Chand, and Bhairav and promised to keep fighting until they were free.
- A small group of soldiers led by Major Burrough was sent to try to stop the rebels, but they put up a tough fight and won at Pirpainati.
- This victory of the Santhals over the British made the rebellion spread even more.
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38. Which one of the following uprisings occurred in Maharastra?
(a) Bhil uprising
(b) Kol Uprising
(c) Rampa uprising
(d) Santhal uprising
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (a) Bhil uprising
- The Bhils were an indigenous people living in Khandesh when the British took over in 1818.
- The Bhils were angry about the British invasion of their land and it was believed their leader, Trimbakji, encouraged them to fight back.
- They caused lots of trouble in the area and the British used their military to try and control them.
- The Kols and Rampa people also started uprisings against the British but were unsuccessful.
- Finally, the Santhal people rebelled in 1855 and were also suppressed.
- The 1882 Madras Forest Act was also very restrictive for the tribal people, preventing their traditional farming system.
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39. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :
List-I List-II
(Tribes) (State)
A. Santhals i. Tamil Nadu
B. Bhil ii. Andaman and Nicobar
C. Toda iii. Jharkhand
D. Jarawas iv. Rajasthan
Codes :
A B C D
(a) iv iii ii i
(b) iii iv i ii
(c) i ii iii iv
(d) ii iii i iv
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (b) iii iv i ii
- The correctly matched list is as follows :
| List-I |
List-II |
| (Tribes) |
(State) |
| Santhals |
Jharkhand |
| Bhil |
Rajasthan |
| Toda |
Tamil Nadu |
| Jarawas |
Andaman and Nicobar |
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40. Who launched the ‘Lasodia Movement’ for social reforms amongst the Bhils of Mewar, Bagar, and nearby regions?
(a) Mavji
(b) Govind Giri
(c) Surmal Das
(d) Moti Lal Tejawat
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Govind Giri
- In the late 1800s, social reformers Surjibhagat and Govind Giri started the Lasodia Movement to improve conditions for the Bhils in Mewar, Bagar, and the surrounding areas.
- Govind Giri created the Sabhya Samaj in 1883 in order to unite the Bhil community.
- He is thought of as the leader of the Lasodia Movement.
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41. Mundas rose revolt in –
(a) 1885
(b) 1888
(c) 1890
(d) 1895
[45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (d) 1895
- In the late 19th century, the Munda people of the Indian subcontinent revolted, led by Birsa Munda in the south of Ranchi.
- The Mundas had a system called Khuntkatti, which allowed them to be the original forest clearers; however, over time, moneylenders and traders began to corrode this system.
- In 1895, Birsa declared himself a prophet and led a movement known as the Sardari Ladai for the next 30 years. He was arrested in 1900 and died in jail.
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42. Ulgulan Revolt was related to –
(a) Santhal
(b) Kachha Nagh
(c) Kol
(d) Birsa Munda
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (d) Birsa Munda
- The Munda Rebellion in the 19th century was a tribal uprising in the subcontinent led by Birsa Munda.
- The goal was to create an independent Munda Raj, which was challenged by people who came as merchants and moneylenders.
- Birsa claimed to be a prophet and encouraged the Mundas to give up animal sacrifice and follow the tribal traditions.
- The movement was influenced by Christianity and resulted in attacks on churches.
- In the end, Birsa was captured and died in jail, and many Mundas were put on trial, with three of them being hanged and 44 transported for life.
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43. With reference to the history of India, “Ulgulan” or the Great Tumult is the description of which of the following events?
(a) The Revolt of 1857
(b) The Mappila Rebellion of 1921
(c) The Indigo Revolt of 1859 -60
(d) Birsa Munda’s Revolt of 1899 – 1900
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans (d)
- Ulgulan, meaning “Great Tumult”, was a revolution led by Birsa Munda in the area south of Ranchi from 1899-1900.
- It was an uprising to give indigenous people control over their land and resources that were being taken away from them by landowners, loan sharks, and British rulers before India’s independence.
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44. Who was the leader of the Munda rebellion?
(a) Birsa
(b) Kanhu
(c) Tilak Manjhi
(d) Siddhu
[47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (a) Birsa
- Ulgulan, meaning “Great Tumult”, was a revolution led by Birsa Munda in the area south of Ranchi from 1899-1900.
- It was a rebellion to ensure that the native people kept control over their resources, which were being taken away from them by landlords, money lenders, and colonizers before India gained independence.
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45. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :
List-I List-II
(Rebellion) (Year A.D.)
A. Ahom i. 1855-56
B. Kol ii. 1828
C. Santhal iii. 1921
D. Moplah iv. 1831-32
Codes :
A B C D
(a) 2 4 1 3
(b) 1 3 2 4
(c) 2 1 3 4
(d) 3 1 4 2
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. 2017]
Ans. (a) 2 4 1 3
- The following is a list of rebellions with their corresponding years: Ahom in 1828, Kol in 1831-32, Santhal in 1855-56, and Moplah in 1921
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46. Which tribal leader is known as ‘Dharti Aaba’ (Father of World)?
(a) Jiriya Bhagat
(b) Kanu Sanyal
(c) Roop Nayak
(d) Birsa Munda
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (d) Birsa Munda
- Birsa Munda was born in 1874 and was considered the ‘father of earth’ or ‘Dharti Aaba’.
- His father was a sharecropper.
- In 1899, Birsa led a rebellion in the south of Ranchi. In 1895, he said he had special healing powers and was a prophet.
- The rebellion was a way of getting rid of any foreign influences in Munda society and included social and agricultural aspects.
- Unfortunately, Birsa was captured and died in jail in June 1900.
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47. Birsa Munda was in favor of
(a) Jharkhand
(b) Uttaranchal
(c) Chattisgarh
(d) None of these
[44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (d) None of these
- The Munda Rebellion in the Indian subcontinent was a major protest in the nineteenth century, led by Birsa Munda in Ranchi from 1899 to 1900.
- The goal of the rebellion was not to create an independent state but to rebuild the tribal society which was being torn apart by colonial rule.
- Two factors caused the movement to gain strength: anger about the agricultural situation and the arrival of Christianity.
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48. Who was the leader of the Munda Revolt?
(a) Siddhu
(b) Birsa
(c) Kanhu
(d) Tilka Manjhi
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020]
Ans (b) Birsa
- In the late 1800s, Birsa Munda led a major uprising, called the “Great Tumult”, in Ranchi, India.
- The goal was to create a separate state for the Munda people, but Birsa did not support this.
- The revolt was spurred on by two main factors: discontent with the local farming conditions, and the arrival of Christianity.
- The Munda people wanted to rebuild their tribal society, which was beginning to crumble due to the effects of colonial rule.
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49. Which was the working area of Birsa Munda?
(a) Champaran
(b) Ranchi
(c) Balia
(d) Alipur
[48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b)
- Birsa Munda’s area of influence was no longer just Ranchi but now included Bhagalpur.
- His main purpose was to bring change to tribal life and to resist British rule.
- He spoke out against tribal customs, views, and habits, and encouraged the Mundas to resist superstition, stop sacrificing animals, stop using drugs, wear the sacred thread, and keep worshipping in their sacred grove.
- Sadly, the British put an end to this great movement.
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50. In which territory did tribals rebel against the British?
(a) Bihar
(b) Punjab
(c) Sindh
(d) Kathiawar
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (a) Bihar
- The ‘Munda’ and ‘Ho’ tribes from Chhotanagpur opposed the British military in the years 1820-22 and 1831.
- The area stayed in disorder until 1837.
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51. The word Adivasi was used for the first time to refer to the tribal people:
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Thakkar Bappa
(c) Jyotiba Phule
(d) B.R. Ambedkar
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (b) Thakkar Bappa
- Amritlal Vithaldas Thakkar, also known as Thakkar Bapa, was the first person to use the term Adivasi to refer to tribal people.
- He was a part of the Servants of India Society and fought for the rights of untouchables and tribals.
- He was highly influenced by the reform ideas of Gandhi and even went on a tour with him called Harijan.
- Thakkar Bappa was also the secretary of the Harijan Sevak Sangh founded by Gandhi.
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52. Which of the following provided a common factor for a tribal insurrection in India in the 19th century?
(a) Introduction of a new system of land revenue and taxation of tribal products
(b) Influence of foreign religious missionaries on tribal areas
(c) Rise of a large number of money lenders, traders, and revenue farmers as middlemen in tribal areas
(d) The complete disruption of the old agrarian order of the tribal communities
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (d) The complete disruption of the old agrarian order of the tribal communities
- Options A, B, and C all explain why there was a tribal revolt in India.
- However, Option D was the main cause of the revolt in the 19th century.
- Therefore, Option D is the correct answer.
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53. The Hoz revolt took place during –
(a) 1620 – 21
(b) 1720 – 21
(c) 1820 – 21
(d) 1920 – 21
[43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (c) 1820 – 21
- The Hoz or Ho Uprising happened from 1820 to 1821, and it was centered in Santhal Pargana in Bihar.
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54. When did the Khairwar Tribal movement occur?
(a) 1874
(b) 1960
(c) 1865
(d) 1870
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (a) 1874
- In 1874, Bhagirath Manjhi led the Khairwar tribal group.
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55. Who among the following was the leader of some anti-British revolts in Sambhalpur?
(a) Utirat Singh
(b) Surendra Sai
(c) Kattabomman
(d) Sayyid Ahmad Barelvi
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (b) Surendra Sai
- Surendra Sai from Sambalpur led a rebellion against the British.
- He gave up in 1862.
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56. Consider the following events:
1. Indigo Revolt
2. Santhal Rebellion
3. Deccan Riot
4. Mutiny of the Sepoys
The correct chronological sequence of these events is:
(a) 4, 2, 1, 3
(b) 4, 2, 3, 1
(c) 2, 4, 3, 1
(d) 2, 4, 1, 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (d) 2, 4, 1, 3
- In 1860, there was an uprising called the Indigo Revolt, followed by the Santhal Rebellion led by Sidhu and Kanhu in 1855-56, the Deccan Riot
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57. Match List -I with List – II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List–I List-II
(Revolt/Movement) (Year)
A. Tebhaga Movement 1. 1859-60
B. Mopla Rebellion 2. 1879-80
C. Pabna Peasant Revolt 3. 1921
D. Bengal Indigo Revolt 4. 1946-47
Codes :
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 4 2 3 1
(c) 2 3 4 1
(d) 4 3 2 1
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2016]
Ans d) 4 3 2 1
- The following table shows the correct pairings of revolts/movements and the year they happened:
-
| List–I |
List-II |
| (Revolt/Movement) |
(Year) |
| A. Tebhaga Movement |
1946-47 |
| B. Mopla Rebellion |
1921 |
| C. Pabna Peasant Revolt |
1879-80 |
| D. Bengal Indigo Revolt |
1859-60 |
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58. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists
List- I List- II
A. Moplah revolt 1. Kerala
B. Pabna revolt 2. Bihar
C. Eka Movement 3. Bengal
D. Birsa Munda revolt 4. Oudh
Code :
A B C D
(a) 1 3 4 2
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 1 2 3 4
(d) 3 4 1 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (a) 1 3 4 2
- In 1921, the Moplah revolt happened in Malabar, Kerala. Between 1873 and 1876, the Pabna revolt occurred in Bengal.
- In 1921, the Eka movement happened in Oudh. In 1899, the Munda Rebellion under Birsa Munda
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59. The Moplah Rebellion of 1921 broke out in -:
(a) Assam
(b) Kerala
(c) Punjab
(d) Bengal
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017]
Ans (b) Kerala
- In 1921, the Moplah Rebellion happened in the Malabar region of Kerala.
- There were also other revolts in the same time period, such as the Pabna Revolt from 1873-76 in Bengal, the Eka Movement in 1921 in Oudh,
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60. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :
List- I List- II
(Movement) (Year)
A. Pabna rebellion 1. 1855-56
B. Eka Movement 2. 1873-85
C. Santhal Rebellion 3. 1922
D. Tana Bhagal Movement 4. 1914
Code :
A B C D
(a) 1 2 4 3
(b) 2 3 1 4
(c) 3 1 4 2
(d) 4 3 2 1
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (b)
- The following items match correctly: the Pabna Rebellion from 1873-85, the Eka Movement from 1922, the Santhal Rebellion from 1855-56, and the Tana Bhagat Movement from 1914.
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61. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
List–I List-II
A. Rampa Rebellion 1. 1859-60
B. Pabna Peasant Revolt 2. 1879-80
C. Bengal Indigo Revolt 3. 1860-63
D. Jaintia Rebellion 4. 1873-76
Codes :
A B C D
(a) 2 1 3 4
(b) 2 4 1 3
(c) 1 2 3 4
(d) 4 2 1 3
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2016]
Ans (b) 2 4 1 3
- The following were different rebellions in India: Rampa Rebellion (1879-80), Pabna Peasant Revolt (1873-76), Bengal Indigo Revolt (1859-60)
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62. The immediate cause of the Deccan Riots of 1875 was
(a) the shadow of a famine
(b) high-interest rates charged by Mahajans
(c) high land revenue rates
(d) protest against imposition
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (a) the shadow of a famine
- The Deccan Riots of 1875 were caused by a looming famine.
- In May and June of that year, people in parts of Pune, Satara, and Ahmednagar districts in Maharashtra rose up against their worsening struggles with farming.
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63. The Moplah revolt of 1921 took place in
(a) Kashmir
(b) B.N.W.F.P.
(c) Kerala
(d) Assam
[48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Kerala
- In 1921, a rebellion took place in the Malabar region of Kerala.
- Most of the people who lived there were Muslim and the landlords were Hindu.
- The rebellion was a protest against the unfair treatment of the landlords.
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64. The Moplah Rebellion of 1921 took place in :
(a) Telangana
(b) Malabar
(c) Marathwada
(d) Vidarbha
[U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010, Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (b) Malabar
- In 1921, there was a rebellion in the Malabar area of Kerala.
- Most of the people who lived there were Muslims, and the landowners were Hindu.
- This uprising was in reaction to the mistreatment of the tenants by the landlords.
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65. The ‘Moplah Revolt’ of 1921 took place in :
(a) Telangana
(b) Vidarbha
(c) Malabar
(d) Marathwada
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (c) Malabar
- In 1921, a peasant rebellion occurred in the Malabar district of Kerala.
- The Moplah peasants, who were Muslim, were angry with the Hindu landlords and the British Government due to the lack of security of tenure, excessive renewal fees, high rent, and other oppressive landlord practices.
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66. With reference to revolts in British India, people known as ‘Kallar’ belonged to which of the following regions?
(a) Kolhapur
(b) Midnapore
(c) Madurai
(d) Rangpur
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (c) Madurai
- The Kallar people belonged to the Mudiraja community of southern India.
- These people are famous for their rebellion against British rule, and they originated from the Madurai area of South India.
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67. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by using the code given below the lists :
List-I List-II
(Events) (Dates)
A. Barrackpur Mutiny 1. July 1806
B. Berhampur Revolt 2. November 1824
C. Santhal Revolt 3. 1855-56
D. Vellore Mutiny 4. February 1857
Code :
A B C D
(a) 2 4 3 1
(b) 2 1 4 3
(c) 3 4 2 1
(d) 1 2 3 4
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (a) 2 4 3 1
- The list that is paired up correctly is given below:
-
| List-I |
List-II |
| (Events) |
(Dates) |
| A.Barrackpur Rebellion |
November 1824 |
| B.Berhampur Uprising |
February 1857 |
| C.Santhal Rebellion |
1855-56 |
| D. Vellore Mutiny |
July 1806 |
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68. Which of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Moplah revolt – Kerala
(b) Kuka revolt – Punjab
(c) Koli revolt – Gujarat
(d) Chuar revolt – Madhya Pradesh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (c) Koli revolt – Gujarat (d) Chuar revolt – Madhya Pradesh
- The Moplah Rebellion was a long-lasting form of the Khilafat movement in Kerala in 1921.
- In parts of today’s Pakistan’s Punjab and Sindh provinces, the Kuka revolt was particularly strong.
- The Koli Community was a group of people mostly found in the middle of Maharashtra who rose up against the British rulers for cutting down the forests and changing the way of governing in 1784-1785.
- In 1768, the Chuar Revolt took place in the South-West Bankura district and North-West Midnapore district in West Bengal.
- Therefore, options (c) and (d) are not accurate.
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69. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
Revolt Year
(a) Pabna revolt – 1873
(b) Deccan Kisan revolt – 1875
(c) Sanyasi revolt – 1894
(d) Kol uprising – 1870
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (c) Sanyasi revolt – 1894
- The following are the correct matches between revolts and their corresponding years: the Pabna revolt happened in 1873, the Deccan Kisan revolt happened in 1875, Sanyasi revolt happened between 1763
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70. The following popular movements occurred after 1857 :
1. Santhal Rebellion
2. Indigo Revolt
3. Deccan Agriculturists Riots
4. Birsa Munda Uprising
Select the correct answer:
(a) 1, 2, 3
(b) 2, 3, 4
(c) 1, 2, 4
(d) 1, 3, 4
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (b) 2, 3, 4
- The Indigo Revolt happened in Bengal between 1859 and 1860.
- The Deccan Agriculturists Riots occurred in Maharashtra in 1875.
- The Birsa Munda Uprising took place in Ranchi
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71. Bhils revolted against the British in –
(a) M.P. and Maharashtra
(b) M.P. and Bihar
(c) Bihar and Bengal
(d) Bengal and Maharashtra
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (a) M.P. and Maharashtra
- In the early 1800s, the Bhils in Khandesh (modern-day Maharashtra and Gujarat) rebelled against the British who had taken over the region.
- Trimbakji, a minister of the former ruler, Baji Rao II, encouraged the revolt.
- Later in the 19th and 20th centuries, similar uprisings occurred in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.
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72. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Munda – Birsa
(b) Santhal – Kanhu
(c) Ahom – Gomdhar Kunwar
(d) Nayak – Tanna Bhagat
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (d) Nayak – Tanna Bhagat
- Birsa Munda led a rebellion in the south of Ranchi in 1899.
- Sidhu and Kahnu headed the Santhal rebellion that took place in 1855-1856.
- Gomdhar Kunwar led the Ahom Movement in 1828.
- The Tana Bhagat community from Jharkhand was connected to the Tana Bhagat movement of 1914.
- Jatra Bhagat and Turia Bhagat were the Oaron saints who formed the Tana Bhagats.
- They protested the taxes imposed on them by the British.
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73. In which year did Jatra Oraon start the Tana Bhagat Movement?
(a) 1919
(b) 1917
(c) 1914
(d) 1922
(e) None of the above
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (c) 1914
- Birsa Munda led a rebellion in the south of Ranchi in 1899.
- Sidhu and Kahnu were the main leaders of the Santhal rebellion in 1855-1856.
- Gomdhar Kunwar started the Ahom Movement in 1828.
- The Tana Bhagat community in Jharkhand is related to the Tana Bhagat movement in 1914.
- Jatra Bhagat and Turia Bhagat, two holy men, were the founders of the Tana Bhagats.
- They opposed the taxes imposed on them by the British.
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74. Match these former revolts in the 19th century with these related areas –
A. Kuki revolt 1. Punjab
B. Kuka revolt 2. Bengal
C. Pabna revolt 3. Bihar
D. Birsa Munda revolt 4. Tripura
Choose the right answer from this code :
Code :
A B C D
(a) 4 2 1 3
(b) 2 3 1 4
(c) 4 1 3 2
(d) 4 1 2 3
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (d) 4 1 2 3
- These four major revolts occurred in India during the 19th century.
- Kuki revolt took place in Manipur and Tripura in 1917-19, the Kuka revolt in Punjab in 1840-72, the Pabna revolt in Bengal in 1873-76, and Birsa Munda in Bihar (today’s Jharkhand) in 1899-1900.
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75. Which of the following is NOT correctly matched?
(Revolts) (Years)
(a) Neel Rebellion 1859-60
(b) Jaintiya Rebellion 1860-63
(c) Kuki Rebellion 1860-90
(d) Kuka Revolt 1832-34
[U.P.B.E.O. (Pre) 2019]
Ans (c) Kuki Rebellion 1860-90
- In 1840, Bhagat Jawahar Mal started the Kuka rebellion which aimed to get rid of beliefs not part of Sikhism and keep its religious purity.
- Over 75 years later, in 1917, Kukis rebelled against the British when they were ordered to join the Labour Corps for World War I.
- They refused and fought against the British.
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76. The first tribal leader who was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi and his ideology were –
(a) Alluri Sitaram Raju
(b) Jodanang
(c) Jhabkar Bapa
(d) Rani Gaidinliu
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) Jodanang
- Haipou Jadonang was the first leader of the Naga tribe in Manipur who was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi.
- He and Rani Gaidinliu worked together to bring about social and religious changes and lead a fight for freedom.
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