1. The first peasant movement in India was:
(a) Champaran
(b) Bardoli
(c) Begu
(d) Bijolia
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (d) Bijolia
- In the late 1800s, the people of Mewar (Modern Rajasthan) were treated unfairly and taken advantage of by feudal lords.
- This caused two uprisings in 1905 and 1913-16 called the Bijolia Movement, which was the first Peasant Movement in India.
- It was led by Sitaram Das in 1913 and later by Vijay Singh Pathik in 1915.
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2. Who among the following was not associated with the formation of U.P. Kisan Sabha in February 1918 ‘?
(a) Indra Narayan Dwivedi
(b) Gauri Shankar Misra
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru
(d) Madan Mohan Malviya.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (c) Jawaharlal Nehru
- The members of the Home Rule League Movement were very active in Oudh.
- Due to their hard work, Kisan Sabhas were formed in U.P. in February 1918 by Gauri Shankar Mishra and Indra Narayan Dwivedi.
- Madan Mohan Malaviya supported their efforts. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru was not part of the creation of the U.P. Kisan Sabha.
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3. ‘Nai-Dhobi Band’ was a form of Social boycott in 1919 which–
(a) was started by the farmers of the Pratapgarh district
(b) was a movement started by saints for the emancipation of the people lower classes
(c) was a step against contractors of lower castes by landlords
(d) was a movement against contractors by lower castes
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) was started by the farmers of the Pratapgarh district
- At the end of 1919, the first signs of peasant activity were seen in the reports of a Nai-Dhobi Band in the Pratapgarh district.
- In the summer of 1920, village meetings were held by village panchayats, which were led by Jhinguri Singh, Durgapal Singh, and Baba Ramchandra.
- Baba Ramchandra, a Brahmin from Maharashtra, had left home at 13 and was now a leader of the Awadh peasants.
- His efforts resulted in the forming of the Awadh Kisan Sabha in 1920.
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4. Where had Baba Ramchandra organized the farmers?
(a) Awadh
(b) Bihar
(c) Bengal
(d) Andhra
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010, U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (a) Awadh
- By the end of 1919, there were reports of peasants in Pratapgarh district refusing to cooperate with each other (Nai-Dhobi Band).
- In the summer of 1920, village panchayats in the Taluqdari Oudh villages held Kisan meetings.
- Jhinguri Singh and Durgapal Singh were associated with this development, but soon Baba Ramchandra became the leader.
- Baba Ramchandra, a Brahmin from Maharashtra, had left home at the age of thirteen and was now the leader of the peasants of Awadh.
- He helped to create the ‘Awadh Kisan Sabha’ in 1920.
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5. The Sarabande Campaign of 1922 was led by
(a) Chittaranjan Das
(b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(c) Rajendra Prasad
(d) Lala Lajpat Rai
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
- In 1922, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the leader of the “No Tax” movement known as Sarabandi.
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6. In the 1930s, peasant movements were started in different parts of the country at the instance of various
leaders. Match them with their respective areas of influence.
| A. Sahajanand Saraswati |
1. Hyderabad |
| B. Khudai Khidmatgars |
2. Southern Assam |
| C. Swami Ramanand |
3. Bihar |
| D. Abdul Hamid Khan |
4. NWFP |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 3 4 1 2
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 2 4 1 3
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (b) 3 4 1 2
- Swami Sahajanand Saraswati founded the Bihar Kisan Sabha.
- All India Kisan Congress was created in Lucknow in April 1936 with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati as the President and N.G. Ranga as the general secretary.
- This organization was later renamed the All India Kisan Sabha.
- The Khudai Khidmatgar or Lalkurti Organisation, led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, played an important role in the Civil Disobedience Movement in the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP).
- Swami Ramanand was associated
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7. Who among the following was elected as General Secretary of the ‘All India Kishan Congress’ established in Lucknow?
(a) Swami Sahjanand
(b) N.G. Ranga
(c) Indu Lal Yagnik
(d) Ram Manohar Lohia
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2016]
Ans (b) N.G. Ranga
- Swami Sahajanand Saraswati started the Bihar Kisan Sabha.
- In April 1936, the All India Kisan Congress was established in Lucknow with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati as President and N.G. Ranga as General Secretary.
- It was later renamed as All India Kisan Sabha.
- The Khudai Khidmatgar or Lalkurti Organization, led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, was actively involved in the Civil Disobedience Movement in the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP).
- Swami Ramanand was connected to Hyder
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8. Who among the following was linked closely with the Kisan Sabha Movement in the 1930s?
(a) Swami Vidyananda
(b) Swami Sahajananda
(c) Baba Ramananda
(d) Sardar Patel
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) Swami Sahajananda
- In the 1930s, Swami Sahajanand was heavily involved with the Kisan Sabha Movement.
- Swami Sahajanand Saraswati started the Bihar Kisan Sabha and was chosen as the President of the first All India Kisan Conference that was held in Lucknow in 1936.
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9. Swami Sahajananda was related to which of the following?
(a) Tribal Movement in Bihar
(b) Labour Movement in Bihar
(c) Peasant Movement in Bihar
(d) Caste Movement in Bihar
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans (c) Peasant Movement in Bihar
- In the 1930s, Swami Sahajanand was very involved with the Kisan Sabha Movement.
- He started the Bihar Kisan Sabha and was elected to be the President of the very first All India Kisan Conference, which was hosted in Lucknow in 1936.
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10. What was the aim of the Eka Movement in Oudh?
(a) To stop to give rent to the Government
(b) To protect the rights of landlords
(c) End of satyagraha
(d) Transformation of rent into cash.
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (d) Transformation of rent into cash.
- The people leading the Eka Movement were Madari Pasi and other lower-caste leaders as well as many smaller landowners. At the end of 1921, there was unrest among the farmers in the northern parts of the United Provinces such as Hardoi, Bahraich, and Sitapur. The main issues were:-
- Rents are very expensive, they are 50% more than what was previously recorded.
- Thikedars who were in control of collecting taxes were oppressing people.
- The renting of parts of land.
- At the gatherings of the Eka or the Unity Movement, people took part in a special religious ceremony.
- They promised each other that they would stay united.
- Only pay the rent that is written down and pay it on time.
- Do not go when you are asked to leave.
- Do not do any work that you are forced to do.
- No assistance for criminals.
- Follow the rulings of the Panchayat.
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11. EKA – The movement was started by :
(a) Peasants of Maharashtra
(b) Peasants of Bengal
(c) Peasants of Punjab
(d) Peasants of Hardoi, Barabanki, and other places of U.P.
[U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2017]
Ans. (d) Peasants of Hardoi, Barabanki and other places of U.P
- At the beginning of 1921, Madari Pasi and other low-caste leaders, as well as many small Zamindars, led the Eka Movement.
- By the end of the year, there was an increase of discontent among peasants in the northern districts of the United Provinces, like Hardoi, Bahraich:-
-
- Rents are very expensive, with prices being 50% higher than usual.
- Thikedars taking control of collecting money from people and treating them unfairly.
- Renting out shares.
- At the gatherings of the Eka or Unity Movement, people would perform a special religious ceremony and pledge that they would all stay united.
-
- Pay the rent that is listed, and make sure to pay it on time.
- Do not do work that has been forced upon you.
- Do not move out when you are asked to leave.
- No assistance to people who have committed a crime.
- Follow the rulings of the Panchayat.
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12. Who presided over the first session of All India Kishan Sabha?
(a) Swami Sahajananda
(b) Indulal Yagnik
(c) N.N. Ranga
(d) P.C. Joshi
[47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (a) Swami Sahajananda
- The All India Kisan Congress was created in April 1936 in Lucknow with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati as the leader and N.G. Ranga as the secretary.
- This group was later renamed All India Kisan Sabha.
- They released a Kisan manifesto and established a magazine under Indulal Yagnik.
- Swami Sahajanand Saraswati also founded the Bihar Kisan Sabha.
- Later, the All India Kisan Sabha and the Congress had their second gathering in Faizpur in 1936.
- The manifesto of the Congress for the 1937 provincial elections was greatly impacted by the agenda of the All India Kisan Sabha.
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13. Swami Sahajanand Saraswati published a journal named -:
(a) Jankranti
(b) Hunkar
(c) Krishak Samachar
(d) Vidrohi
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017]
Ans. (b) Hunkar
- Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was an influential religious leader, freedom fighter, and advocate for farmers’ rights in India.
- He was also a talented writer who published the Hindi weekly magazine Hunkar from Patna.
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14. Which one of the following Congress leaders had participated in the first meeting of All India Kisan Sabha?
(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(b) M.K. Gandhi
(c) Subhash Chandra Bose
(d) Rajendra Prasad
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (a) Jawahar Lal Nehru
- The inaugural gathering of All India Kisan Sabha was held in April 1936 in Lucknow, presided over by Swami Sahajanand Saraswati and addressed by Jawahar Lal Nehru.
- At the meeting, Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was chosen as President, and N.G. Ranga was appointed as Secretary of All India Kisan Sabha.
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15. Akhil Bhartiya Kisan Congress was founded in:
(a) 1936 AD
(b) 1939 AD
(c) 1942 AD
(d) 1945 AD
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above.
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) 1936 AD
- In April 1936, a gathering of All India Kisan Sabha was held in Lucknow and led by Swami Sahajanand Saraswati.
- Jawaharlal Nehru also spoke at this gathering.
- At the end of the meeting, Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was selected as the President and N.G. Ranga as the secretary of the All India Kisan Sabha.
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16. Who was elected the first President of All India Kisan Sabha in Lucknow in 1936?
(a) N.G. Ranga
(b) E.M.S. Namboodripad
(c) Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
(d) Acharya Narendra Dev
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above.
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
- The initial gathering of All India Kisan Sabha was held in April 1936 in Lucknow.
- It was led by Swami Sahajanand Saraswati and Jawahar Lal Nehru also spoke at it.
- Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was chosen as the President and N.G. Ranga was the secretary of All India Kisan Sabha at this meeting.
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17. Where was the first All-India Kisan Maha Sabha formed?
(a) Allahabad
(b) Kolkata
(c) Lucknow
(d) Patna
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010, 48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Lucknow
- The inaugural gathering of All India Kisan Sabha was held in Lucknow in April 1936.
- Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was the Chairman of the meeting and Jawahar Lal Nehru also spoke at it.
- Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was voted to be the President, and N.G. Ranga was chosen as the secretary of All India Kisan Sabha.
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18. The founder President of All India Kisan Sabha was –
(a) Acharya Narendra Dev
(b) Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
(c) Bamkim Mukherjee
(d) Jayprakash Narayan
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (b) Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
- In April 1936, All India Kisan Sabha had its inaugural gathering in Lucknow.
- Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was the leader of the meeting and Jawahar Lal Nehru gave a speech.
- Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was voted in as the President and N.G. Ranga became the Secretary of All India Kisan Sabha.
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19. Swami Sahajanand was related to –
(a) Tribal Movement in Bihar
(b) Caste Movement in Bihar
(c) Farmers Movement in Bihar
(d) Labour Movement in Bihar
[42nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (c) Farmers Movement in Bihar
- Swami Sahajanand Saraswati created the Provincial Kisan Sabha and was also the President of All India Kisan Sabha.
- He was involved in the Farmer’s Movement in Bihar with Karyanand Sharma, Yadunandan Sharma, Rahul Sankritayan, Panchanan Sharma, and Jamun Karjiti.
- In 1935, the Provincial Kisan Sabha adopted an anti-zamindari slogan.
- The Provincial Kisan Sabha disagreed with the Congress over the ‘Bakasht land’ issue due to an unfavorable Government resolution.
- Swami Sahajanand was given the nickname ‘Kisan Pran’ (Life of Kisans) by the members of his Kisan Sabha.
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20. Who was connected with the Bihar Kisan Sabha?
(a) Swami Sahajananda
(b) Karyananda Sharma
(c) Rahul Sankrityayan
(d) Yadunandan Sharma
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[64th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
- Swami Sahajanand Saraswati initiated the Peasant Movement in Bihar and established the Bihar Kisan Sabha in 1929.
- He was aided by Karyanand Sharma, Rahul Sanskrityan, Panchanan Sharma, Yadunandan Sharma, and other communist leaders to spread the movement to villages.
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21. Who formed Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha?
(a) Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
(b) Ram Sundar Singh
(c) Ganga Sharan Sinha
(d) Ramanand Mishra
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
- Swami Sahajanand Saraswati led the beginning of the Peasant Movement in Bihar.
- In 1929, he founded Bihar Kisan Sabha.
- Karyanand Sharma, Rahul Sanskrityan, Panchanan Sharma, Yadunandan Sharma, and other communist leaders worked with him to bring that movement to the villages.
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22. The Tebhaga Movement was started in 1946 from Bengal under the leadership of :
(a) Muslim League
(b) Kisan Sabha
(c) Indian National Congress
(d) Trade Union
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020]
Ans (b) Kisan Sabha
- In 1946, Kisan Sabha began the Tebagha movement in Bengal.
- At that time, sharecroppers were required to give half of their crops to the landlords.
- The Tebhaga (sharing by third) movement wanted the landlord’s share to be cut down to one-third.
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23. Swami Sahajananda Saraswati formed the All India United Kisan Sabha with the demand for the ‘nationalization of land and waterways’ :
(a) Just before his death
(b) At a very young age
(c) In the 1930s
(d) In the 1920s
[56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (a) Just before his death
- Before he died in 1950, Swami Sahajananda Saraswati created the All India United Kisan Sabha, which called for the Nationalization of Land and Waterways.
- The All India Kisan Sabha was formed in April 1936 in Lucknow, with Swami Sahajanand as President.
- As his final act, Sahajanand focused on the upcoming Peasant Movement by forming the All-India United Kisan Sabha and demanding the Nationalization of land, waterways, and all sources of energy and wealth.
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24. Who was associated with the Kisan Movement in Bihar?
(a) Rajendra Prasad
(b) C.R. Das
(c) Motilal Nehru
(d) Bhagat Singh
[44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (a) Rajendra Prasad
- Dr Rajendra Prasad was linked to the Kisan Movement in Bihar.
- He was the head of the Constituent Assembly and after the Constitution was put into use, he became India’s first President.
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25. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:
| List-I |
List-II |
| A. Bardoli Satyagraha |
1. Swami Shraddhananda Saraswati |
| B. Bhartiya Kisan Vidyalaya |
2. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel |
| C. Bengal Praja Party |
3. Fazlul Haq |
| D. Bakashat Agitation |
4. N.G. Ranga |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 2 3 4 1
(b) 2 4 3 1
(c) 1 4 2 3
(d) 4 1 3 2
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (b) 2 4 3 1
- Mahatma Gandhi had a big influence in the Bardoli taluka in Surat district.
- His movement and Satyagraha achieved great success in 1928. People like the Mehta brothers had been working on this since 1922.
- Vallabhbhai Patel led the Peasant Movement which was called Bardoli Satyagraha.
- Because of its success, Gandhi gave him the title of ‘Sardar’ on behalf of the women of Bardoli.
- N. G. Ranga founded the Bhartiya Kisan Vidyalaya, and Fazlul Haq started the Bengal Praja Party (Krishak Praja Party) in 1929.
- After the 1937 elections, Fazlul Haq formed a government with the Muslim League in Bengal.
- The Bakashat agitation of Bihar was related to Swami Shraddhanand Saraswati.
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26. The leader of the Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) was:
(a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Vithalbhai J. Patel
(d) Mahadev Desai
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005, I.A.S. (Pre) 2003
Ans. (a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
- Mahatma Gandhi joined the National level and caused a lot of political activity in Bardoli, a taluka in Surat district.
- His followers, like the Mehta brothers, campaigned there in 1922.
- In 1928, Vallabhbhai Patel led the famous Bardoli Satyagraha, and Mahatma Gandhi rewarded him with the title of ‘Sardar’ for the success of the Movement.
- N.G. Ranga started the Bhartiya Kisan Vidyalaya in 1929 and Fazlul Haq founded the Bengal Praja Party (Krishak Praja Party).
- After the 1937 elections, he formed a government with the Muslim League in Bengal.
- The Bakashat agitation in Bihar was connected to Swami Shraddhanand Saraswati.
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27. In which of the following movements Sardar Patel play an important role?
(a) Bijolia Movement
(b) Dandi March
(c) Strike of textile mill workers in Ahmedabad
(d) Bardoli Satyagrah
[U.P. P.S.C. (GIC) 2010, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (d) Bardoli Satyagrah
- In the Bardoli taluka of Surat district, Gandhi’s involvement at the national level led to a strong politicization of the area.
- His followers, such as the Mehta brothers, had been working hard in the region since 1922.
- Then in 1928, Vallabhbhai Patel led the famous Bardoli Satyagraha, which was very successful.
- Because of this, Gandhi gave him the title of ‘Sardar’ on behalf of the women of Bardoli.
- N. G. Ranga founded the Bhartiya Kisan Vidyalaya and in 1929, Fazlul Haq created the Bengal Praja Party (Krishak Praja Party).
- After the 1937 elections, he formed a coalition with the Muslim League in Bengal.
- The Bakashat agitation of Bihar was related to Swami Shraddhanand Saraswati.
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28. Who gave Vallabhbhai Patel the title of ‘Sardar’?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Pandit Nehru
(c) Maulana Azad
(d) Kasturba
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (a) Mahatma Gandhi
- Vallabhbhai Patel led the successful Kisan Movement in Bardoli and to honor him, Mahatma Gandhi gave him the title of ‘Sardar’ on behalf of the women of Bardoli.
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29. Mahatma Gandhi gave the title of ‘Sardar’ to Vallabhbhai Patel for his great organizational skills in
(a) The Kheda Satyagraha
(b) The Bardoli Satyagraha
(c) The Salt Satyagraha
(d) The Individual Satyagraha
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (b) The Bardoli Satyagraha
- Vallabhbhai Patel was the leader of the successful Kisan Movement at Bardoli.
- The women of Bardoli honored him with the title of ‘Sardar’ which was given to him by Mahatma Gandhi.
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30. The demand for the Tebhaga Peasant Movement in Bengal was for –
(a) The reduction of the share of the landlords from one-half of the crop to one-third
(b) The grant of ownership of land to peasants as they were the actual cultivators of the land
(c) The uprooting of the Zamindari System and the end of serfdom
(d) Writing off all peasant debts
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) The reduction of the share of the landlords from one-half of the crop to one-third
- In 1946, the Bengal Provincial Kisan Sabha started the Tebhaga Peasant Movement in Bengal in response to the Flood Commission’s suggestion that sharecroppers should pay one-third of their harvest to the landowner instead of one-half.
- The Baradari Act was then passed to make it law that sharecroppers only had to pay one-third of their harvest.
- This Movement mainly affected the districts in Northern Bengal.
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31. Who started the Bhoodan movement?
(a) Jai Prakash Narayan
(b) J. B. Kripalani
(c) Vinoba Bhave
(d) Sri Guruji
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (c) Vinoba Bhave
- Vinoba Bhave was a renowned spiritual leader and reformer in India.
- People were greatly inspired by his work and his personal example.
- In 1940, he was the first person to be chosen to do Individual Satyagraha.
- After India gained independence, he initiated the Bhoodan Movement which aimed to give land to farmers without land.
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32. Which one of the following places was associated with Acharya Vinoba Bhave’s Bhoodan Movement at the beginning of the movement?
(a) Udaygiri
(b) Raipur
(c) Pochampalli
(d) Venkatagiri
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (c) Pochampalli
- Vinoba Bhave set up the Sarvodaya Samaj to help bring about peaceful changes in society by reforming land ownership.
- He asked large landowners to donate one-sixth of their land.
- On April 18th, 1951, the first donation of land was given by a Zamindar (landowner) called Ramachandra Reddy in Pochampalli, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh.
- The movement was most successful in Orissa.
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33. The ‘Bhoodan Movement’ made its beginning in the State of –
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Himachal Pradesh
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (c) Andhra Pradesh
- Vinoba Bhave set up Sarvodaya Samaj to help bring peaceful change by changing the land laws, with the agreement of the land owners.
- He asked large landowners to give away a sixth of their land.
- On April 18th, 1951, the first donation of land happened in a village called Pochampalli in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, by a landowner called Ramachandra Reddy who donated his 100 acres.
- This was most successful in Orissa.
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34. In which State was the Bhoodan Movement first started?
(a) In Andhra Pradesh
(b) In Karnataka
(c) In Tamil Nadu
(d) In Uttar Pradesh
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O/ (Pre) 2014, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (a) In Andhra Pradesh
- On April 18, 1951, Acharya Vinoba Bhave began the Bhoodan Movement in Pochampalli, Telangana, in order to reform land and alter agricultural practices.
- In 1953, Jaya Prakash Narayan left politics and joined the Movement.
- By the end of 1955, the Bhoodan Movement had become the Gramdan Movement, which was particularly successful in Orissa.
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