1. The Indian Home Rule Society in London was started by–
(a) Annie Besant
(b) B.G. Tilak
(c) M.K. Gandhi
(d) Shyamji Krishna Verma
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (d) Shyamji Krishna Verma
- In February 1905, Shaymji Krishna Verma set up the Indian Home Rule Society, or “India House” in London.
- The goal of this group was to achieve self-government by pressuring the British Government.
- From there, he started a newspaper called ‘Sociologist’.
- Because of the Government’s increased activity, Shyamji left London for Paris, and later for Geneva.
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6. Who among the following founded the ‘Ghadar Party’?
(a) Lala Hardayal
(b) Lala Lajpat Rai
(c) Bhagat Singh
(d) Barkat Ullah
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (a) Lala Hardayal
- In 1913, Sohan Singh Bhakna started a group called “The Hindustan Association of the Pacific Coast” in San Francisco.
- They also released a newspaper called ‘Gadar’, which is why they later became known as the ‘Gadar Party’.
- Lala Hardayal was the founder, and Sohan Singh Bakhna was the president.
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7. Who among the following was NOT associated with Ghadar Party?
(a) Lala Hardayal
(b) Pt. Ramchandra
(c) Barkatullah
(d) Khudiram Bose
[U.P.B.E.O. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (d) Khudiram Bose
- The Ghadar Party was founded on 21 April, 1913 to fight for India’s independence from the British.
- It was constituted of Indian immigrants who had moved to the US and Canada, and was based in San Francisco.
- Lala Hardayal was the founder and Sohan Singh Bakhna was the president.
- Other important members included Ramchandra, Barkatullah, Rashbihari Bose, Raja Mahendra Pratap, Abul Rehman, Madam Bhikaji Kama, Parmanand, Kartar Singh Sarabha, and Pt. Kanshiram.
- Khudiram Bose and Prafull Chaki threw a bomb at Kingsford in Muzaffarpur, Bihar on April 30th, 1908, which resulted in the deaths of the wife and daughter of an Indian sympathizer,
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12. Who amongst the following was the first Chairman of the Ghadar Party?
(a) Lala Herdayal
(b) Sohan Singh Bhakna
(c) Pandit Kashi Ram
(d) Keshar Singh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (b) Sohan Singh Bhakna
- Sohan Singh Bhakna was the first Chairman.
- They printed a newspaper called the ‘Hindustani Ghadar’ that was published in Urdu and Punjabi.
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13. Where were the Ghadar revolutionaries, who became active during the outbreak of World War I, based?
(a) Central America
(b) North America
(c) West America
(d) South America
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (c) West America
- San Francisco in the United States of America, located in the western part of the country, was the center of the Ghadar movement during World War I.
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18. What was the cause of the outbreak of the Ghadar Revolution –
(a) Arresting of Lala Hardyal
(b) Kamagatamaru incident
(c) Beginning of First World War
(d) Hanging of Kartar Singh Sarabha
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (c) Beginning of First World War
- When the Swadeshi movement weakened, the supporters of Nationalism also became less active.
- In 1914, when the First World War started, Indian Nationalists saw this as a chance to fight for independence.
- People in North America, such as the Ghadar revolutionaries, and in India, like Lokmanya Tilak and Annie Besant, used this moment to try and take back their freedom.
- The Ghadar revolutionaries tried to overthrow British rule through armed struggle.
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19. Who among the following established a Republican Government abroad?
(a) Mahendra Pratap
(b) Subhash Chandra Bose
(c) Ras Behari Bose
(d) None of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (a) Mahendra Pratap
- During World War I, Raja Mahendra Pratap founded the first independent Government of India in Kabul, Afghanistan in 1915.
- He was the President and his Maulavi Barkatullah was the Prime Minister.
- Germany and Russia accepted this Government.
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21. An interim government under the leadership of Raja Mahendra Pratap Singh was founded in Kabul with the support of Germany during the :
(a) Gadar Movement
(b) Swadeshi Movement
(c) Second World War
(d) Home Rule Movement
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
- During World War I, Raja Mahendra Pratap set up India’s first provisional government in Kabul, Afghanistan in 1915.
- Raja was the president and Maulavi Barkatullah was the prime minister.
- Germany and Russia acknowledged the government.
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22. Who is regarded as the “Mother of Indian Revolution”:
(a) Annie Besant
(b) Sarojini Naidu
(c) Rama Bai
(d) Bhikaji Rustam Cama
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (d) Bhikaji Rustam Cama
- Bhikaji Cama was an Indian freedom fighter who came from a wealthy Parsi family.
- She was a leader in the fight for India’s independence from America and Europe.
- She made the first version of the Indian National Flag and fought for her country’s freedom for 30 years while living in Paris.
- In 1936, at the age of 75, she returned to Mumbai and died that same year.
- She was given the title of “Mother of Indian Revolution”.
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24. Consider the following statements about Madam Bhikaji Cama:
1. Madam Cama unfurled the National Flag at the International Socialist Conference in Paris in the year 1907.
2. Madam Cama served as private secretary to Dadabhai Naoroji.
3. Madam Cama was born to Parsi.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
(a) 1, 2, and 3
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 3 only
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (b) 2 and 3 only
- Madam Bhikaji Cama was born in 1861 to Parsi parents and was married to Rustan K.R Cama, an advocate and social activist.
- She worked as a personal secretary for Dada Bhai Naoroji, a leader in the Indian National Movement.
- Later, she connected with European scholars and students, and got involved in the Freedom Movement.
- On 22nd August 1907, she was the first to raise the National Flag at an International Socialist Conference in Stuttgart, Germany.
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28. Which of the following pair got a sentence to be hanged for the assassination of the British officers in England –
(a) Rajguru and Sukhdev
(b) Khudiram Bose and Surya Sen
(c) Madan Lal Dhingra and Udham Singh
(d) Kartar Singh Sarabha and Ashfaqullah Khan
[U.P. P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (c) Madan Lal Dhingra and Udham Singh
- Madan Lal Dhingra and Udham Singh were both given the death penalty for murdering British officers.
- Madan Lal Dhingra fatally shot Curzon Wyllie, the political secretary of State for India, and Cowsji Lalkaka on July 1, 1909.
- He was later hanged for this assassination.
- Udham Singh was also sentenced to death for killing Michael O ‘Dwyer in London in March 1940, who was involved in the Jalianwala Bagh Massacre.
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29. What was common among Madam Bhikaji Cama, M. Barkahtulla, V.V.S Iyer and M.N. Roy –
(a) All of them were leading members of the International Communist Movement.
(b) M. Barkatulla was the Prime Minister and the rest were ministers in the Provisional Government of free India established by a group of revolutionaries at Kabul.
(c) All of them were among the prominent revolutionaries outside India operating in different countries during the freedom movement.
(d) All of them were accused in the case relating to the throwing of a bomb on Lord Hardinge.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (c) All of them were among the prominent revolutionaries outside India operating in different countries during the freedom movement.
- Madam Bhikaji Cama, M. Barkat Ullah, V.V.S Iyer, and M. N.Roy were people who wanted India to be free from foreign rule.
- They operated primarily from foreign soil.
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30. What was Kamagatamaru?
(a) A political party based in Taiwan
(b) Peasant Communist leader of China
(c) A naval ship of Voyage to Canada.
(d) A Chinese village where Mao Tse Lung began his long march.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (c) A naval ship of Voyage to Canada.
- In 1914, Baba Gurdit Singh hired a Japanese steamliner called the Kamagatamaru to bring 376 Indian immigrants to Canada.
- However, when they arrived in Vancouver, the Canadian police refused to let them in.
- Hussain Rahim, Balwant Singh, and Sohan Lal Pathak formed a committee to defend the passengers’ rights.
- Bhagwan Singh, Barkatullah, Ramchand, and Sohan Singh organized a movement in support of the immigrants.
- When the Kamagatamaru returned back to India and reached the Budge Budge port in Calcutta, a fight broke out between the passengers and the British Police.
- 18 passengers were killed, and 202 were put in jail.
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34. Who had established the “India Independence League”?
(a) Motilal Nehru
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Rashbihari Bose
(d) Lala Lajpat Roy
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010, U.P. P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2008, U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Rashbihari Bose
- Ras Bihari Bose was an Indian revolutionary who lived in Japan.
- He held a meeting in Tokyo on 28-30th March 1942 for Indians to talk about political issues.
- At the Bangkok Convention from 14th June to June 23rd, 1942, he created the Indian Independence League during World War II.
- Later, it collaborated with Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army (INA).
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