1. Which category of the population was primarily attracted by Religious reform movements of the nineteenth century?
(i) Intellectuals
(ii) Urban upper castes
(iii) Poor ordinariness class
(iv) Liberal princes
Choose your answer from the given code :
(a) Only i
(b) i and ii
(c) i, ii and iii
(d) i, ii and iv
[47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (d) i, ii and iv
- The 19th century saw a special movement in India that focused on religious and social reforms.
- This movement had the biggest impact on intellectuals, upper-class people living in cities, and liberal princes, while the poorer classes were largely excluded.
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2. Consider the following statements:
Assertion (A): Socio-religious movements of the 19th century resulted in the modernization of India.
Reason (R): Rationalism, scientific temper, and other such ideas which are the basis of modernization were at the core of the socio-religious movements.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code :
(a) (R) is true, but (A) is false.
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- In the 1800s, people from all religious backgrounds wanted to improve India by promoting modern education and getting rid of bad habits.
- They encouraged people to use reason and science to look at social and religious topics, and to work towards modernizing India.
- Therefore, both statements are true and the second one explains the first.
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3. Which of the following class has been influenced by Western civilization first?
(a) Noble landlords
(b) New rich merchants
(c) Educated Hindu middle class
(d) Educated Muslims
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (c) Educated Hindu middle-class
- The Hindu middle class with higher education was heavily influenced by Western culture and ideas.
- This new group of people with Western education was highly affected by rational thinking, science, and considering humans as important.
- People in India wanted to improve their society, and the Hindu faith was inspired by the Enlightenment which rejected superstition, pilgrimages, and worshiping idols.
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4. Who among the following great men is called the ‘Father of Indian Renaissance’?
(a) Vivekananda
(b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(c) Rabindra Nath Tagore
(d) Dayanand Saraswati
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy was an Indian who fought against the bad customs that were practiced in India during his time.
- As a result of his progressive ideas, the nineteenth century in India saw a period of cultural and social revival.
- He was nicknamed the ‘Father of the Indian Renaissance’, ‘Paigambar of Indian Nationalism’, ‘Bridge between past and future’, ‘Father of Modern India’, ‘First Modern Man’ and ‘Yugadoot’ for his work.
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5. Who is called the father of the ‘Indian Renaissance’?
(a) Raja Ram Mohan Rai
(b) Dayanand Saraswati
(c) Swami Vivekanand
(d) Ramkrishna Paramhansa
[Uttrakhand U.D.A./LDA (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (a) Raja Ram Mohan Rai
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy was an Indian who fought against the bad customs that were practiced in India during his time.
- As a result of his progressive ideas, the nineteenth century in India saw a period of cultural and social revival.
- He was nicknamed the ‘Father of the Indian Renaissance’, ‘Paigambar of Indian Nationalism’, ‘Bridge between past and future’, ‘Father of Modern India’, ‘First Modern Man’ and ‘Yugadoot’ for his work.
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6. Who was the father of the Indian Renaissance movement?
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(b) Dayanand Saraswati
(c) Shraddhanand
(d) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
[53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (d) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy was an Indian leader who fought against the bad things that existed in India at the time.
- His ideas led to a period of growth and change in India during the 1800s and he was known as the ‘Father of the Indian Renaissance’, ‘Paigambar of Indian Nationalism’, ‘Bridge between past and future’, ‘Father of Modern India’, ‘First Modern Man’, and ‘Yugadoot’.
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7. Who was the leading envoy of the Renaissance movement in India?
(a) Devendranath Tagore
(b) Keshav Chandra Sen
(c) Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar
(d) Ram Mohan Roy
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]
Ans. (d) Ram Mohan Roy
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy was an influential Indian leader who began the movement to remove the negative aspects of Indian society.
- His creative thinking resulted in a cultural rebirth in India during the 19th century, earning him the titles of “Father of the Indian Renaissance,” “Paigambar of Indian Nationalism,” “Bridge between past and future,” “Father of Modern India,” “First Modern Man,” and “Yugadoot.”
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8. Who is considered the Prophet of Nationalism?
(a) M. K. Gandhi
(b) Ram Mohn Roy
(c) Rabindranath Tagore
(d) Dayanand Saraswati
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (b) Ram Mohn Roy
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a pioneering Indian figure who began a campaign against the bad practices in Indian society.
- His revolutionary ideas brought about the start of a new era in India, and he was given the titles of ‘Father of the Indian Renaissance’, ‘Paigambar of Indian Nationalism’, ‘Bridge between past and future’, ‘Father of Modern India’, ‘First Modern Man’ and ‘Yugadoot’.
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9. Who is considered the first ‘Modern Man’ of India?
(a) Nana Saheb
(b) A. O. Hume
(c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(d) Swami Vivekanand
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2012]
Ans. (c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a pioneering Indian who began a campaign against the bad practices in Indian society.
- His creative ideas helped to kick-start the Renaissance in India in the 19th century.
- He was known as the ‘Father of the Indian Renaissance’, ‘Paigambar of Indian Nationalism’, ‘Bridge between past and future’, ‘Father of Modern India’, ‘First Modern Man’ and ‘Yugadoot’.
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10. The First Society founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy was:
(a) Brahma Samaj
(b) Atmiya Sabha
(c) Brahma Sabha
(d) Tatvabodhini Sabha
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (b) Atmiya Sabha
- In 1815, Raja Ram Mohan Roy created Atmiya Sabha to promote the belief in one god in Hinduism.
- This group wanted to change society and religion.
- He also started the Brahmo Sabha in 1828, which was later known as Brahmo Samaj.
- Devendranath Tagore founded Tatvabodhini Sabha in 1839 to spread the ideas of Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
- Atmiya Sabha was the first organization created by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
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11. Who among the following was the founder of Atmiya Sabha?
(a) Raja Rammohan Roy
(b) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
(c) Swami Vivekanand
(d) Aurobindo Ghosh
[41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (a) Raja Rammohan Roy
- In 1815, Raja Ram Mohan Roy started Atmiya Sabha to spread the Hindu faith, which believes in one god.
- This society also tried to bring changes in social and religious aspects.
- 1828 saw the establishment of Brahmo Sabha, which was named Brahmo Samaj after a while, by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
- Later on, in 1839, Devendranath Tagore set up Tatvabodhini Sabha to popularise the ideas of Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
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12. Brahmo Samaj was founded in the year of-
(a) 1828
(b) 1829
(c) 1831
(d) 1843
[41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (a) 1828
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy started the Brahmo Sabha on August 20, 1828, which was later named Brahmo Samaj.
- This society did not believe in worshiping idols and taught that everyone should worship one God.
- Those who followed this religion were a group of people who did not follow social customs or rituals and focused on treating everyone equally.
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13. Raja Rammohan Roy established Brahma Samaj in
(a) 1816 A.D.
(b) 1820 A.D.
(c) 1828 A.D.
(d) 1830 A.D.
[47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (c) 1828 A.D.
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy started Brahmo Sabha on August 20, 1828, and it was later called Brahmo Samaj.
- This group rejected worshipping idols and instead believed in worshipping only one God.
- They also wanted to be separated from idolatry and rituals.
- Plus, Brahmo Samaj focused on treating everyone equally, no matter their race or character.
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14. Brahmo Samaj was founded by –
(a) Dayanand Saraswati
(b) Swami Vivekananda
(c) Keshav Chandra Sen
(d) Ram Mohan Roy
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (d)
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Dwarkanath Tagore founded Brahmo Samaj on August 20, 1828 in Calcutta.
- It was the first Hindu reform movement that was influenced by Western ideas.
- The main belief of Brahmo Samaj was in one God who is all-powerful and all-knowing.
- Maharishi Devendranath Tagore (1817-1905) joined the movement in 1843 and he was given credit for making it a theist movement.
- Keshav Chandra Sen was made the Acharya of Brahmo Samaj by Maharishi Devendranath Tagore and he helped make the movement popular by establishing branches in Uttar Pradesh and Madras.
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15. The founder of Brahmo Samaj was –
(a) C. R. Das
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(d) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007, M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
- Brahmo Samaj was the first attempt to reform the Hindu religion, inspired by Western thinking.
- It was created on August 20, 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Dwarkanath Tagore in Calcutta.
- Its main belief was in a single God who knows and is everywhere.
- Maharishi Devendranath Tagore (1817-1905) made it a theistic movement when he joined in 1843.
- He appointed Keshav Chandra Sen as leader of Brahmo Samaj, who made it more popular and opened branches in Uttar Pradesh and Madras.
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16. Who gave Ram Mohan Roy the title of ‘Raja’?
(a) Lord William Bentinck
(b) Akbar-II
(c) The followers of Brahmo Samaj
(d) Intellectuals who opposed Sati Practice
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (b) Akbar-II
- In 1830, Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of ‘Raja’ by the Mughal emperor Akbar II.
- He went to the UK as the emperor’s ambassador to ask for his pension and other benefits.
- Sadly, Raja Ram Mohan Roy died on September 27, 1833, in Stapleton near Bristol from meningitis.
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17. Who adorned Ram Mohan Roy with the title of ‘Raja’?
(a) Aurangzeb
(b) Robert Clive
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Mughal Emperor Akbar II
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (d) Mughal Emperor Akbar II
- In 1830, Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of ‘Raja’ by the Mughal emperor Akbar – II.
- He was then sent to the United Kingdom as an ambassador of the Mughal emperor to ask for his pension and money.
- Unfortunately, Raja Ram Mohan Roy died on September 27, 1833, at a place called Stapleton near Bristol due to meningitis
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18. The Samadhi of Raja Rammohan Roy is in :
(a) Kolkata
(b) Patna
(c) Bristol, England
(d) Canada
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (c) Bristol, England
- In 1830, Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of Raja by the Mughal emperor Akbar II.
- Ram Mohan Roy went to the United Kingdom as a representative of the Mughal emperor to ask for his pension and other payments.
- He died on September 27, 1833 in Stapleton near Bristol because of meningitis.
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19. Consider the following:
1. Calcutta Unitarian Committee
2. Tabernacle of New Dispensation
3. Indian Reform Association
Keshav Chandra Sen is associated with the establishment of which of the above?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) 2 and 3 only
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Dwarkanath Tagore, and William Adam founded the Calcutta Unitarian Committee and Keshav Chandra Sen established the temple called “Tabernacle of New Dispensation”.
- On October 29th, 1870, Keshav Chandra Sen became the president of the India Reform Association.
- Thus, Keshav Chandra Sen was connected with the creation of the ‘Tabernacle of New Dispensation’ and the ‘India Reform Association’.
- Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer
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20. The founder of ‘Bhartiya Brahmo Samaj’ was :
(a) Devendranath Tagore
(b) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(c) Keshav Chandra Sen
(d) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Pre) 2010, U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010, U.P. P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (c) Keshav Chandra Sen
- Keshav Chandra Sen founded the ‘Brahmo Samaj of India’.
- Devendra Nath Tagore took away the title of ‘Acharya’ from Keshav Chandra in 1865, and so Keshav Chandra left the original Brahmo Samaj and the group under Devendra Nath’s influence called themselves ‘Adi Brahmo Samaj’.
- The group under Keshav Chandra Sen’s leadership was known as ‘Bhartiya Brahmo Samaj’ or ‘Neo Brahmo Samaj’.
- In 1878, ‘Navin Brahmo Samaj’ was further divided due to Keshav Chandra’s decision to marry his 13-year-old daughter to the king of Kooch, Bihar.
- Anand Mohan Bose and Shivnath Shastri formed ‘Sadharan Brahmo Samaj’ in opposition to this.
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21. Who founded the Adi Brahmasamaj?
(a) Devendranath Tagore
(b) Keshav Chandra Sen
(c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(d) Rabindranath Tagore
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre.) 2020]
Ans (a) Devendranath Tagore
- In 1842, Devendranath Tagore joined ‘Brahma Samaj’.
- He then gave Keshav Chandra Sen the title of ‘Acharya’ of the Samaj. Unfortunately, due to disagreements, he took away the title from Sen.
- This led to Sen leaving the Brahma Samaj and creating his own version called ‘Brahma Samaj of India’ in 1866. Meanwhile, Devendranath Tagore
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22. Who is regarded as the father of Indian Nationalism?
(a) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Surendranath Banerjee
(d) None of the above
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (d) None of the above
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy was an influential Indian social and educational reformer known as the creator of modern India, the father of modern India, the father of the Bengal Renaissance, and the father of Indian nationalism.
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23. The Brahmo Samaj is based on the principle of :
(a) Monotheism
(b) Polytheism
(c) Atheism
(d) Monism
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (a) Monotheism
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy started Brahmo Samaj in 1828.
- The aim of the Samaj was to worship one God, not idols, and not to think of God as humanlike.
- Brahmo Samaj wanted everyone to love and worship the same God.
- Pranyaskaran letters from 1830 stated that the goal of the society was to pray to a God who is eternal, all-powerful, and unchanging, and who looks after the entire world
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24. Which of the following were not protested by Raja Ram Mohan Roy?
(a) Child marriage
(b) Sati system
(c) Western education
(d) Idolatry
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (c) Western education
- Ram Mohan was an enthusiastic supporter of Western education taught through English.
- In a letter sent to Lord Amherst on December 11, 1823, he stated that a Sanskrit school opened by the Hindu pandits was not practical and would only keep India in darkness.
- He suggested that the government should use the proposed money to hire a few educated Europeans to teach useful sciences such as mathematics, natural philosophy, chemistry, and anatomy, and to provide the necessary resources like books, instruments, and apparatus.
- He also spoke against social evils such as idolatry, child marriage, and the Sati system.
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25. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding Brahmo Samaj?
1. It opposed idolatry.
2. It denied the need for a priestly class for interpreting the religious texts.
3. It popularized the doctrine that the Vedas are infallible.
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
(a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 2
(c) Only 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (b) 1 and 2
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Brahmo Samaj in 1828.
- Its principles included believing in one god and getting rid of bad elements in Hinduism, not worshipping idols and priests, and not improving the situation of women.
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati instead taught that the Vedas were perfect.
- Statement 3 is not true in regards to Brahmo Samaj.
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26. Which one of the following social reformers strongly opposed the Jury Act of 1826′?
(a) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(c) Mahadev Govind Ranade
(d) Rajnarayan Basu
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
- The Jury Act of 1826 said Hindus and Muslims could be jurors in trials involving people of their own religion, but they were not allowed to be jurors in cases involving Christians.
- Christians, however, could be jurors for trials of Hindus and Muslims.
- Ram Mohan Roy objected to this act and argued that it was unfair.
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27. The best representative of Neo-Hindustan in the second half of the nineteenth century was –
(a) Ramkrishna Paramhans
(b) Swami Vivekanand
(c) Bankim Chandra Chatterji
(d) Raja Rammohan Roy
[41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (b) Swami Vivekanand
- Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) was known for explaining the teachings of Ramakrishna Paramhans in a simple way.
- He acted as an advocate of Neo-Hinduism.
- In 1893, he went to Chicago and gave a speech at the ‘World Parliament of Religions’ introducing Hinduism and speaking on “The meaning of the Hindu religion”.
- He then travelled to America and England to spread the message of Hinduism.
- He was unhappy with the way the powerful were exploiting the poor and wanted to spread the idea of self-dignity among the new generation through his articles and speeches.
- He was a strong patriot, with Subhas Chandra Bose describing him as the ‘spiritual father of the modern nationalist movement’ in Bengal.
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28. Vivekanand attended the ‘Parliament of World’s Religions held in Chicago in
(a) 1872
(b) 1890
(c) 1893
(d) 1901
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) 1893
- Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) was well known for understanding and explaining the teachings of Ramakrishna Paramhans.
- He shared these teachings in an easy-to-understand way.
- He became the promoter of Neo-Hinduism.
- He visited Chicago in 1893 to present a speech at the World Parliament of Religions, where he talked about the significance of Hinduism.
- Later, he toured both America and England to raise awareness of Hinduism.
- He was unhappy that religion was not speaking out against the rich exploiting the poor.
- Swami Vivekananda never focused on politics, however, he motivated the younger generation with his talks and articles.
- He was very devoted to his home country.
- Subhas Chandra Bose said about him, ‘Swami Vivekananda can be credited as the spiritual father of the contemporary nationalist movement in Bengal’.
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29. Who among the following participated in the Parliament of Religions held in Chicago in 1893?
(a) Dayananda Saraswati
(b) Swami Vivekananda
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Raja Rammohan Roy
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans (b) Swami Vivekananda
- Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) was known for making the teachings of Ramakrishna Paramhans easier to understand.
- He was seen as a leader of Neo-Hinduism.
- In 1893 he spoke at the ‘World Parliament of Religions’ in Chicago, where he introduced Hinduism and spoke on its meaning.
- After that, he travelled around America and England to spread knowledge about Hinduism.
- Vivekananda was not happy with how religion was not helping those who were poor and exploited by the wealthy.
- He didn’t give political messages but still inspired a new generation with his articles and speeches.
- He was a very patriotic person and Subhas Chandra Bose said he had a big influence on the modern nationalist movement in Bengal.
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30. When did Swami Vivekanand deliver his speech at the ‘World Religion Conference in Chicago
(a) 1863
(b) 1893
(c) 1881
(d) 1894
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) 1893
- In 1893, Swami Vivekananda traveled to Chicago and gave a speech at the ‘World Parliament of Religions’ explaining Hinduism and its meaning.
- All candidates were given a bonus mark by M.P.P.S.C.
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31. Who among the following represented India at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago in 1893?
(a) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
(b) Ram Krishna Paramhans
(c) Swami Vivekanand
(d) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004, M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (c) Swami Vivekanand
- In 1893, Swami Vivekananda traveled to Chicago and presented a speech on “The meaning of the Hindu religion” at the ‘World Parliament of Religions.’
- He gave a short overview of Hinduism in his speech.
- All the candidates were given bonus marks by M.P.P.S.C.
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32. In which year Swami Vivekananda took part in the Parliament of World Religion?
(a) 1893
(b) 1895
(c) 1897
(d) 1899
[U.P. P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (a) 1893
- In 1893, Swami Vivekananda travelled to Chicago and spoke at the ‘World Parliament of Religions.
- He talked about Hinduism and the meaning of the Hindu religion.
- All the candidates were given a bonus mark by M.P.P.S.C.
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33. Who among the following famous reformers wrote the books Jnyana Yoga, Karma Yoga, and Raja Yoga?
(a) Swami Vivekananda
(b) Ranade
(c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(d) Ramakrishna Paramahansa
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (a) Swami Vivekananda
- Swami Vivekananda is widely admired around the world as an exceptionally wise spiritual leader.
- He once said, “There are many ways to express the truth, and all of them are valid.”
- He wrote various books on topics such as Raja Yoga, Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, and Jnana Yoga.
- He is considered the ‘Patron saint’ of India.
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34. Who was the founder of the Ram Krishna Mission?
(a) Ramkrishna Paramhansa
(b) M.N. Das Gupta
(c) Swami Vivekananda
(d) Swami Rangnath Nanda
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004, M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (c) Swami Vivekananda
- Ramakrishna Mission was established in 1897 by Swami Vivekananda, a disciple of Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa.
- The mission’s main goal was to promote individual freedom and benefit the world.
- It has headquarters in Belur, India, and Khatyari, Almora, and branches all over the world.
- It focuses on education, health, the welfare of the poor, relief and rehabilitation, arts and culture, morality, ethics, and spirituality while respecting all religions, cultures, and nationalities.
- It was a famous religious movement of the 19th century that worked to bring harmony between different religions, East and West, ancient and modern, and to promote spiritual fulfillment, human development, social equality, and peace.
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35. Ramakrishna Mission was started by
(a) Ramakrishna Paramhansa
(b) Dayanand Saraswati
(c) Swami Vivekananda
(d) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (c) Swami Vivekananda
- The Ramakrishna Mission was founded in 1897 by Swami Vivekananda in honor of Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa.
- The goal of the mission was to help people find freedom and make the world a better place.
- It had two main branches located in Belur, Kolkata and Khatyari, Almora.
- The mission provided many services to people, such as education, health care, relief for the poor, art and culture, and spirituality.
- It aimed to bring harmony to religions, the East and West, old and new, and to promote spiritual growth, equal rights, and peace for everyone, regardless of race, caste, religion, or nationality.
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36. Who founded the ‘Ram Krishna Mission’ in 1897 A.D.?
(a) Vivekanand
(b) Ram Krishna Paramhansa
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(d) Shyamji Krishna Verma
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (a) Vivekanand
- Ramakrishna Mission was created in 1897 by Swami Vivekananda in honor of Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa.
- Its two main goals were to help people reach liberation and improve the world.
- It has branches around the world that focus on education, health, poverty relief, culture, morality, spirituality, and more, without discrimination of religion, caste, or race.
- This was an important religious movement of the 19th century that aimed to bring together different religions, the East and West, old and new, and create spiritual fulfillment, equality, and peace.
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37. Swami Vivekanand established Ramakrishna Mission in the year
(a) 1861
(b) 1891
(c) 1893
(d) 1897
[41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (d) 1897
- The Ramakrishna Mission was started in 1897 by Swami Vivekananda, a follower of Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa.
- Its main goal was to help people reach spiritual freedom and improve the world.
- It has offices in Belur, Kolkata and Khatyari, Almora, and branches around the world that work in many areas such as education, health, helping the poor, relief and rehabilitation, arts and culture, morality, ethics, and spirituality.
- This movement of the 19th century wanted to bring people of all religions, cultures, and backgrounds together and to help people reach spiritual fulfillment and peace.
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38. The Ram Krishna Mission was founded by Swami Vivekanand in the year –
(a) 1886
(b) 1892
(c) 1898
(d) 1897
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Re. Exam) (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (d) 1897
- Swami Vivekanand was a major influencer in the Indian Renaissance.
- He started the Ramakrishna Mission Association in May 1897 with his sanyasi friends and other followers of Sri Ramakrishna.
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39. Who was Sharadamani?
(a) Wife of Raja Rammohan Roy
(b) Wife of Ramakrishna Paramahansa
(c) Mother of Vivekananda
(d) Daughter of Keshab Chandra Sen.
[47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (b) Wife of Ramakrishna Paramahansa
- Sharadmani Mukhopadhyaya, also known as Sharada Devi, got married to Ramkrishna Paramhansa when she was only five years old in 1859.
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40. Dayanand Saraswati founded –
(a) Brahmo Samaj
(b) Arya Samaj
(c) Prarthana Samaj
(d) Bahujan Samaj
[43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) Arya Samaj
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati created the Arya Samaj organization in Mumbai on April 7, 1875, with the goal of promoting ideals that were valid for everyone.
- In 1877, the headquarters was established in Lahore.
- The Arya Samaj encourages peaceful and progressive living.
- Swami used the organization to campaign against the social injustices present in Hindu society.
- He fought against child marriage and casteism and urged people to go back to the Vedas.
- In 1892-93, the Arya Samaj split into two groups: one in favor of Western education, and one against it.
- Swami Shraddhanand, Lekhraj, and Munshiram were among those against Western education and established Gurukul in 1902.
- Lala Lajpat Rai and Hansraj were among those in favor and set up the Dayanand Anglo Vedic College.
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41. The year Arya Samaj was founded :
(a) 1865
(b) 1870
(c) 1875
(d) 1880
[U.P. Lower sub. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (c) 1875
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj organization in Mumbai on April 7, 1875.
- Its main goal was to promote values that are accepted by everyone.
- The headquarters were established in Lahore and it encourages people to live peacefully and progress.
- Swami used Arya Samaj to fight against the negative parts of Hindu culture, such as child marriage and casteism.
- Later, the organization was divided into two groups, with one group supporting Western education and the other one against it.
- As a result, Gurukul was founded by Swami Shraddhanand, Lekhraj, and Munshiram in 1902 and Dayanand Anglo Vedic College was established by Lala Lajpat Rai and Hansraj.
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42. Who established the ‘Arya Samaj’?
(a) Ranade
(b) Dayanand
(c) Dayananda Saraswati
(d) Swami Vivekananda
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020]
Ans (c) Dayananda Saraswati
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati created the Arya Samaj organization on April 7, 1875, in Mumbai with the goal of promoting good values that applied to everyone.
- The headquarters was then set up in Lahore.
- The Arya Samaj pushed for peaceful and progressive living and Swami used it as a way to fight against the wrong traditions that were present in Hindu society.
- He worked to get rid of things such as child marriage and casteism.
- In 1892-93, the Arya Samaj split into two groups: one that supported Western education and one that did not. Swami Shraddhanand, Lekhraj, and Munshiram were against Western education and set up a ‘Gurukul’ in 1902.
- Lala Lajpat Rai and Hansraj were for Western education and set up the ‘Dayanand Anglo Vedic College.’
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43. Who of the following is responsible for the revival of Vedas:
(a) Rama Krishna Paramhans
(b) Ramanuja
(c) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
(d) Swami Vivekanand
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (c) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati was the founder of the Arya Samaj and believed in Vedic culture.
- He encouraged people to go back to the Vedas and suggested that beliefs between the Vedic period and now were incorrect.
- He held a special ceremony in 1867 on the banks of the Ganga River to spread awareness about superstition and bad rituals.
- He also denied the legitimacy of the Puranas, believing them to be responsible for idol worship.
- Annie Besant stated that Swami Dayanand was the first to say “India is only for the Indians.
- ” He is sometimes referred to as the “Martin Luther King of India” due to his religious reform efforts.
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44. Who had said, ‘Let’s go back to the Vedas’?
(a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(b) Dayanand Saraswati
(c) Vivekananda
(d) Ramakrishna Paramhansa
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (b) Dayanand Saraswati
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati was the founder of Arya Samaj and believed in the Vedic culture.
- He wanted people to return to the Vedas and thought the beliefs from the Vedic period until now were false.
- He held a flag called ‘Pakhand Khandini Pataka’ on the Ganga River in 1867 to help people break away from superstitions and bad rituals.
- He also believed that the Puranas were responsible for idolatry in Hinduism and felt they weren’t reliable.
- He wanted to do a logical, scientific, and critical analysis of faith and said that India should be only for the Indians.
- He is often referred to as the ‘Martin Luther King of India’ for his work in religious reforms.
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45. Who among the following is known as ‘Martin Luther of India’?
(a) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
(b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(c) Swami Vivekanand
(d) Swami Shraddhanand
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007, U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]
Ans. (a) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati was the founder of Arya Samaj and was a strong believer in Vedic culture.
- He encouraged people to return to the Vedas and rejected any beliefs from the Vedic period onwards which he saw as false.
- In 1867, he unfurled a flag called ‘Pakhand Khandini Pataka’ on the banks of the Ganga River to fight against superstitions and bad rituals.
- He questioned the accuracy of Puranas since he believed they were what caused idolatry in Hinduism.
- Swami Dayanand also came up with the statement “India is only for the Indians” and has been called the ‘Martin Luther King of India’ for his work in reforming religion.
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46. ‘Satyarth Prakash’ was written by –
(a) Raja Rammohan Roy
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Swami Vivekanand
(d) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
[U.P.R.O./R.R.O. (Mains) 2013, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006, 47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (d) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati (originally Mool Shankar Tiwari) wrote his masterpiece The Light of Truth (Satyarth Prakash) in 1875.
- People sometimes refer to it as his Magnum Opus.
- He was born in 1824 in Tankara, Gujarat to a wealthy Brahmin family.
- In 1875, he founded Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement.
- He also started the ‘Pakhand Khandini Pataka’ flag in 1867, on the banks of the Ganga River, to spread awareness of superstitions and wrong rituals.
- He rejected the validity of the Puranas, as he believed they encouraged idolatry in Hinduism.
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47. The writer of “Satyartha Prakasha” is
(a) Swami Vivekanand
(b) Swami Nishchalanand
(c) Swami Chinmayanand
(d) Swami Haridas
(e) None of these
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (e) None of these
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati, born Mool Shankar Tiwari in 1824 in Tankara, Gujarat, wrote the book
- The Light of Truth in 1875, which is sometimes referred to as his Magnum Opus.
- In 1875, he founded the Hindu reform movement, Arya Samaj, and in 1867 he launched the ‘Pakhand Khandini Pataka’ on the banks of the Ganga River to teach people to reject superstition and bad rituals.
- He argued that the Puranas were not true and were responsible for the idolatry in Hinduism.
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48. Who has written ‘Satyarth Prakash’?
(a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Swami Vivekananda
(d) Dayanand Saraswati
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (d) Dayanand Saraswati
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati, born Mool Shankar Tiwari in 1824, from a wealthy Brahmin family in Tankara, Gujarat, wrote the Satyarth Prakash (The Light of Truth) in 1875.
- This work is sometimes referred to as his Magnum Opus.
- In 1867, he raised the ‘Pakhand Khandini Pataka’ flag on the banks of the Ganga River to educate people about harmful superstitions and rituals.
- He rejected the accuracy of the Puranas as he believed that they caused idolatry in Hinduism.
- In 1875, Swami Dayanand established the Hindu reform movement, Arya Samaj.
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49. ‘Satyarth Prakash’ is a sacred book of –
(a) Arya Samaj
(b) Brahmo Samaj
(c) Theosophical Society
(d) Prarthana Samaj
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (a) Arya Samaj
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati (originally called Mool Shankar Tiwari) was born in 1824 into a wealthy Brahmin family from Gujarat.
- In 1875, he wrote his masterpiece, The Light of Truth, which some people call his magnum opus.
- He also founded the Hindu reform movement, Arya Samaj, in the same year.
- Before that, in 1867, he had unfurled a flag called the ‘Pakhand Khandini Pataka’ on the banks of the Ganga River with the aim of educating people against superstitions and other bad practices.
- Swami Dayanand did not believe that the Puranas were genuine, as he thought they were responsible for the idol worship in Hinduism.
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50. Who was the author of “Satyarth Prakash”?
(a) Swami Shaddhanand
(b) Maharshi D.K. Karve
(c) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
(d) Pt. Shri Ram Sharma, Acharya
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (c) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati (born as Mool Shankar Tiwari in 1824 in Tankara, Gujarat) wrote the Satyarth Prakash (also known as the ‘Light of Truth’) in 1875.
- This is often referred to as his Magnum Opus.
- He founded the Hindu reform movement, Arya Samaj, in the same year.
- In 1867, he raised a flag known as ‘Pakhand Khandini Pataka’ on the bank of the Ganga River to educate people against the superstitions and wrong rituals that were happening at the time.
- He also denied that the Puranas were true, as he thought they were the reason for worshiping idols in Hinduism.
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51. Which among the following organizations supported the Shuddhi movement?
(a) Arya Samaj
(b) Brahmo Samaj
(c) Dev Samaj
(d) Prarthana Samaj
[U.P. P.C.S (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) Arya Samaj
- The Arya Samaj, a group created by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875 in Bombay, started the Shuddhi Movement to bring back people who had left Hinduism and converted to Islam or Christianity.
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52. Given below are two statements, one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): The Arya Samaj Movement gave self-confidence and self-reliance to the Hindus.
Reason (R): The Arya Samaj Movement undermined the belief in the superiority of the White Race.
Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:
Codes:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true
[U.P.B.E.O. (Pre) 2019]
Ans (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded Arya Samaj in April 1875 in Bombay.
- Its goals were to return the Vedic religion to its original, pure form, and to unite India socially, politically, and religiously.
- Arya Samaj also wanted to empower Hindus and reject the idea that the White Race was superior.
- Both of these ideas are correct, but the reason given does not explain the assertion. Therefore, option (b) is correct.
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53. Who of the following said, ‘Good Government is no substitute for Self-Government’?
(a) Lokmanya Tilak
(b) Swami Vivekananda
(c) Swami Dayanand
(d) Rabindranath Tagore
[Uttranchal P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (c) Swami Dayanand
- Dayanand Saraswati was a reformer who believed in practicality.
- He spoke out against many Hindu rituals such as worshipping idols, caste based on birth, animal sacrifices, and keeping women from reading Vedas.
- Dayanand Saraswati thought that a good government cannot replace personal control.
- Even though Arya Samaj was not a political group, it worked hard to spread national pride in India.
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54. Who amongst the following first used the word ‘Swaraj’ and accepted Hindi as the national language?
(a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(b) Swami Dayanand
(c) Swami Vivekanand
(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) Swami Dayanand
- Swami Dayanand was the first person to use the term ‘Swaraj’ and said Hindi should be India’s official language.
- He also suggested that people should buy Indian products and not foreign ones.
- These ideas eventually became part of the Indian National Movement.
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55. Arrange the following in chronological order :
1. Tulsidas
2. Raja Rammohan Roy
3. Swami Vivekanand
4. Dayanand Saraswati
Code :
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 1 2 4 3
(c) 2 1 3 4
(d) 2 3 4 1
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (b) 1 2 4 3
- Tulsidas lived in the 1600s; Raja Ram Mohan Roy between 1772-1833; Dayanand Saraswati between 1824-1883; and Vivekanand between 1863
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56. Who was the founder of ‘Prarthana Samaj’?
(a) Dayanand Saraswati
(b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(c) Aatma Ram Pandurang
(d) Mahadev Govind Ranade
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (c) Aatma Ram Pandurang
- Aatma Ram Pandurang founded Prarthana Samaj in 1867 in Bombay, based on the inspiration of Keshav Chandra Sen.
- Mahadev Govind Ranade joined the society in 1869.
- It was created to promote religious and social reform in Maharashtra, and its goals were similar to those of the Brahmo Samaj.
- These goals included opposing the caste system, increasing the age at which people got married, allowing widows to remarry, and encouraging women’s education.
- Ranade’s social reform movement was successful until the end of the 19th century.
- Dhondo Keshav Karve and Vishnu Shastri were two other supporters of his work.
- Ranade and Karve began the widow remarriage movement and established the ‘Vidhwa Ashram Sangh’ to offer education to widows.
- Ranade is sometimes known as the “Father of cultural renaissance
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57. Who was the founder of ‘Prarthana Samaj’?
(a) Atmaram Pandurang
(b) Tilak
(c) M.G. Chandrakar
(d) M.G. Ranade
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (a) Atmaram Pandurang
- In 1867, Aatma Ram Pandurang founded Prarthana Samaj in Bombay on the inspiration of Keshav Chandra Sen.
- Mahadev Govind Ranade joined the society in 1869, with the aim to bring religious and social reform in Maharashtra, similar to the Brahmo Samaj.
- The main goals of this movement were to abolish the caste system, raise the age of marriage for both males and females, allow for widow remarriage, and provide education for women.
- Ranade and his followers, Dhondo Keshav Karve and Vishnu Shastri, were successful in their social reform efforts until the end of the 19th century.
- They started the widow remarriage movement and founded the ‘Vidhwa Ashram Sangh to educate widows.
- Ranade is known as the “Father of cultural renaissance in Western India.”
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58. Identify the correct combination from the options given below for Prarthana Samaj, Young India, Lokahitavadi, Satyashodhak Samaj, and Rehnumai Mazdayasan Sabha:
(a) Gopal Hari Deshmukh, Atmaram Pandurang, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Jyotiba Phule, Naoroji Furdonji.
(b) Atmaram Pandurang, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Gopal Hari Deshmukh, Jyotiba Phule, Naoroji Furdonji
(c) Atmaram Pandurang, Jyotiba Phule, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Gopal Hari Deshmukh, Naoroji Furdonji.
(d) Naoroji Furdonji, Atmaram Pandurang, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Gopal Hari Deshmukh, Jyotiba Phule.
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b)
- Prarthana Samaj was a movement created in Bombay for religious and social reform, inspired by past movements, founded by Atmaram Pandurang in 1867.
- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi published an English newspaper called Young India from 1919 to 1931.
- Gopal Hari Deshmukh was an Indian activist, writer, and social reformer from Maharashtra who was popularly known as Lokahitvadi.
- Jyotiba Phule founded Satya Shodhak Samaj in Pune on 24th September 1873.
- Naoroji Furdonji and others established Rehnumai Mazdayasan Sabha,
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59. Who was the founder of ‘Prarthana Samaj’?
(a) Atmaram Panduranga
(b) Tilak
(c) Annie Besant
(d) Rasbihari Ghose
[53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (a) Atmaram Panduranga
- Prarthana Samaj was a movement in Bombay created to bring about religious and social change, based on earlier reform movements.
- It was started by Atmaram Pandurang in 1867.
- Young India was an English magazine published by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi from 1919 to 1931.
- Gopal Hari Deshmukh was an Indian activist, social reformer, thinker, and writer from Maharashtra who was known as “Lokahitvadi”.
- The Satya Shodhak Samaj was founded by Jyotiba Phule in Pune on the 24th of September 1873.
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60. Who was the chief director of Prarthana Samaj in Maharashtra?
(a) R.G. Bhandarkar
(b) M.G. Ranade
(c) Pandit Ramabai
(d) Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (b) M.G. Ranade
- The Prarthana Samaj was a movement that worked to improve religious and social conditions in Bombay and was based on past reform movements.
- It was created by Atmaram Pandurang in 1867.
- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi released a weekly English journal called Young India from 1919 to 1931.
- Gopal Hari Deshmukh, also known as Lokahitvadi, was an Indian activist, thinker, social reformer, and writer from Maharashtra.
- Jyotiba Phule started the Satya Shodhak Samaj in Pune on September 24th, 1873.
- The Rehnumai Mazdayasan Sabha
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61. Who among the following was the founder of ‘Dev Samaj’?
(a) Vallabhbhai Patel
(b) Dadabhai Naoroji
(c) Shiv Narayan Agnihotri
(d) Ramakrishna Paramhansa
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2003, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2002, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (c) Shiv Narayan Agnihotri
- Dev Samaj, a religious and social reform group, was started in February 1887 in Lahore by Pandit Shiv Narayan Agnihotri (Bhagwan Devatma) (1850-1929).
- He had previously been a part of the Brahmo Samaj.
- The beliefs of this society are written in ‘Devshastra.’
- The movement stopped being popular in 1913 after Shivnarayana
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62. In 1873 who founded Satya Shodhak Samaj?
(a) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(b) Jyotiba Phule
(c) Shiv Nath Shastri
(d) None of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997, 40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995]
Ans.(b) Jyotiba Phule
- Jyotiba Phule, born in 1827 as the son of a gardener, founded the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873.
- He started a strong movement to give non-Brahmins their rights and free them from the control of Brahmanical scriptures.
- He wrote a book called ‘Gulamgiri’ in 1872 to help this cause.
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63. Who formed the ‘Satya Shodhak Samaj’?
(a) B.R. Ambedkar
(b) Keshavchandra Sen
(c) Pandita Ramabai
(d) Jyotiba Phule
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (d) Jyotiba Phule
- Jyotiba Phule, born in 1827 as the son of a gardener, established the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873.
- This movement was meant to free non-Brahmins from the control of Brahmanical scriptures to make them aware of their rights and free them from mental and spiritual oppression.
- He also wrote a book titled ‘Gulamgiri’ in 1872.
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64. Who established ‘Satya Sodhak Samaj’?
(a) B.R. Ambedkar
(b) Santram
(c) Jotiba Phule
(d) Bhaskar Rao Jadhav
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (c) Jotiba Phule
- Jyotiba Phule was born in 1827 to a gardener’s family.
- In 1873, he started the Satyashodhak Samaj organization to help the Shudras (low-caste people) free themselves from the control of Brahmins and realize their human rights.
- He also wrote a book called Gulamgiri in 1872.
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65. Which one of the following was the author of ‘Gulamgiri.’
(a) B.R. Ambedkar
(b) Jyotiba Phule
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Periyar
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (b) Jyotiba Phule
- Jyotiba Phule, born in 1827 as the son of a gardener, established the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873.
- His goal was to help free the Shudras from the control of Brahmanical scriptures, make them aware of their human rights, and get them out of spiritual and mental servitude.
- Additionally, he wrote a book called ‘Gulamgiri’ in 1872.
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66. Satya Shodhak Movement was launched by :
(a) Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj
(b) B. R. Ambedkar
(c) Jyotiba Phule
(d) T.N. Nair
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (c) Jyotiba Phule
- Jyotiba Phule, born in 1827 as the son of a gardener, founded the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873.
- He created a strong movement of non-Brahmins and wanted to help the Shudras escape the control of Brahmanical scriptures, become aware of their rights, and be liberated from mental and religious oppression.
- He also wrote the book ‘Gulamgiri’ in 1872.
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67. ‘Satyashodhak Samaj’ was founded by
(a) Dayanand Saraswati
(b) Jyotiba Phule
(c) Gandhiji
(d) Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (b) Jyotiba Phule
- Jyotiba Phule, born in 1827 as the son of a gardener, founded the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873.
- He created a strong movement of non-Brahmins and wanted to help the Shudras escape the control of Brahmanical scriptures, become aware of their rights, and be liberated from mental and religious oppression.
- He also wrote the book ‘Gulamgiri’ in 1872.
|
68. Which of the following organizations was established by Mahatma Jyotiba Phule?
(a) Gopal Mandal
(b) Sri Narayan Sabha
(c) Satya Shodhak Samaj
(d) Mahajan Sabha
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./LDA (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (c) Satya Shodhak Samaj
- Jyotiba Phule, who was born in 1827 as the son of a gardener, started the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873.
- The purpose was to help the Shudras (lowest social caste) get away from the control of the Brahmin scriptures to make them aware of their rights and free them from mental and religious oppression.
- He also wrote a book called Gulamgiri in 1872.
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69. Whose main aim was to uplift the backward classes?
(a) Prarthana Samaj
(b) Satyashodhak Samaj
(c) Arya Samaj
(d) Ramakrishna Mission
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (b) Satyashodhak Samaj
- Jyotiba Phule started the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873 to help Dalits and other lower castes.
- He wrote two books, “Sarvjanik Satya Dharm Pustak” and “Gulamgiri”, to promote his efforts to improve the lives of disadvantaged people.
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70. Satya Shodhak Samaj organized
(a) A movement for the upliftment of tribals in Bihar
(b) A temple-entry movement in Gujarat
(c) An anti-caste movement in Maharashtra
(d) A peasant movement in Punjab
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) An anti-caste movement in Maharashtra
- Jyotiba Phule started the ‘Satya Shodhak Samaj’ and he was its first president.
- This organization’s goal was to free Shudras and Ati Shudras from being taken advantage of by Arya-Brahmins.
- It was an anti-caste Movement in Maharashtra.
- Savitribai was put in charge of the women’s division and worked to help lower-caste girls.
- Deenbandhu had a big impact in Satya Shodak Samaj by spreading the Movement
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71. The Bengali leader who opposed socio-religious reforms and supported orthodoxy was
(a) Radhakant Deb
(b) Nemisadhan Bose
(c) Hemchandra Biswas
(d) Hemchandra De
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (a) Radhakant Deb
- Dharma Sabha was a traditional organization created in 1830 by Raja Radhakant Deb (1784-1867).
- He disagreed with getting rid of Sati and also helped to support girls getting an education in Western ways.
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72. Which of the above following was started in opposition to the religious/social ideas of Ram Mohan Roy?
(a) Digdarshan
(b) Samachar Chandrika
(c) Samvad Kaumudi
(d) Bengal Gazette
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (b) Samachar Chandrika
- Bhavani Charan Bandyopadhyay was a key figure in the 19th-century Bengal Renaissance.
- He published ‘Samachar Chandrika’ in 1822 to oppose the religious and social ideas of Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
- Prior to this, he had served as the editor of ‘Samvad Kaumudi’.
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73. Who was the founder of Radha Swami Satsang?
(a) Haridas Swami
(b) Shivdyal Sahab
(c) Shiv Narayan Agnihotri
(d) Swami Shraddhananda
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans.(b) Shivdyal Sahab
- Tulsiram, also known as Shivdayal Sahab or Swamiji Maharaj, founded Radha Swami Satsang in 1861.
- Shiv Dayal Ji believed in “Satnaam” and “Anami” but the name “Radha Swami” was given by Rai Saligram.
- He called Naraini Devi (Shiv Dayal Ji’s wife) “Radha Ji” and that is how the name was created.
- Before he died, Shiv Dayal Ji said that the Radha Swami faith was not his, but was started by Rai Saligram.
|
74. Which reformer of Maharashtra is also known as ‘Lokahitvadi’?
(a) M.G. Ranade
(b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(c) Pandit Ramabai
(d) Gopal Hari Deshmukh
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (d) Gopal Hari Deshmukh
- Gopal Hari Deshmukh was born in Pune, India and was a social reformer and thinker.
- His birth surname was Shidhaye. When he was 25, he wrote 108 articles about social reform in the newspaper Prabhakar, which became known as “Lokahitawadinchi Shatapatre” in Marathi literature.
- In 1880, he became a part of the Governor General Council and showed his support for national self-reliance by wearing Khadi clothes.
|
75. Who was known by the nickname “Lokahitvadi”?
(a) Gopal Hari Deshmukh
(b) Mahadev Govind Ranade
(c) Jyotiba Phule
(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
[U.P.P.C.S. (Re. Exam) (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (a) Gopal Hari Deshmukh
- Gopal Hari Deshmukh, born in Pune, India, was a social reformer and deep thinker.
- At 25, he started writing articles for social reform in Maharashtra, under the name ‘Lokahitvadi’, and in two years, wrote 108 articles which are now known as ‘Lokahitawadinchi Shatapatre’.
- In 1880, he was elected to the Governor General’s Council and was known for wearing Khadi, a hand-woven fabric, as a symbol of national self-reliance.
|
76. The campaign for widow remarriage in Maharashtra was led by :
(a) Vishnu Parashuram Pandit
(b) B.M. Malabari
(c) Gopal Hari Deshmukh.
(d) Dadabhai Naoroji
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) Vishnu Parashuram Pandit
- Vishnu Parashuram Pandit led the campaign for widow remarriage in Maharashtra in the mid-19th century.
- He founded the Widow Remarriage Society in 1850 and started the widow re-marriage movement.
- B.M. Malabari is renowned for his efforts to legally eliminate child marriage.
|
77. The Greatest Parsi Social reformer of the 19th century was:
(a) Sir Jamshedji
(b) Sir Rustom Behramji
(c) Navalji Tata
(d) Behramji M. Mallabari
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2010]
Ans. (d) Behramji M. Mallabari
- Behramji M. Malabari was an incredibly influential Parsi social reformer from the 19th century.
- He was born in 1853 to a Persian family in Baroda.
- He created a document to speak out against child marriage and to encourage widow remarriage.
- His efforts were key in the passing of the Age of Consent Act in 1891.
|
78. In which year was the Age of Consent Act passed?
(a) 1856
(b) 1891
(c) 1881
(d) 1905
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) 1891
- Behramji M. Malabari was a very influential Parsi social reformer from the 19th century.
- He was born in 1853 to a Persian family in Baroda.
- He wrote a letter to stop child marriage and promote widow remarriage.
- Thanks to his work and dedication, the Age of Consent Act was passed in 1891.
|
79. His principal forte was social and religious reform. He relied upon legislation to do away with social ills and worked unceasingly for the eradication of child marriage, the purdah system. To encourage consideration of social problems on a national scale, he inaugurated the Indian National Social Conference, which for many years met for its annual sessions alongside the Indian National Congress.
Their reference in this passage is to:
(a) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(b) Behramji Merwanji Malabari
(c) Mahadev Govind Ranade
(d) B.R. Ambedkar
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans.(c) Mahadev Govind Ranade
- The Indian National Social Conference was set up in 1887 by M.G. Ranade and Raghunath Rao with the aim of stopping polygamy, child marriage, and oligarchy.
- This conference went on for many years in combination with the Indian National Congress.
|
80. During the Indian Freedom Struggle, the National Social Conference was formed. What was the reason for its formation?
(a) Different social reform groups or organizations of the Bengal region united to form a single body to discuss the issues of larger interest and to prepare appropriate petitions/representation to the Government
(b) The Indian National Congress did not want to include social reforms in its deliberations and decided to form a separate body for such a purpose
(c) Behramji Malabari and MG Ranade decided to bring together all the social reform groups in the country under one organization
(d) None of the statements (a), (b), and (c) given above is correct in this context
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (b) Indian National Congress did not want to include social reforms in its deliberations and decided to form a separate body for such a purpose
- The Indian National Congress thought that their political discussions should not include social reforms.
- So, they made a separate group to deal with these reforms.
|
81. Consider the following statements:
1. Arya Samaj was founded in 1835
2. Lala Lajpat Rai opposed the appeal of Arya Samaj to the authority of Vedas in support of its social reform program.
3. Under Keshab Chandra Sen, the Brahmo Samaj campaigned for women’s education
4. Vinoba Bhave founded the Sarvodaya Samaj to work with refugees
Which of these statements is correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 2 and 4
(d) 3 and 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (d) 3 and 4
- Arya Samaj was started on April 7, 1875, by Dayanand Saraswati in Bombay.
- Statement 1 is wrong.
- Lala Lajpat Rai was part of Arya Samaj and did not protest against Arya Samaj’s use of Vedas in their social reform plan.
- So statement 2 isn’t true either.
- Brahmo Samaj began the movement to educate women in society through Keshav Chandra Sen.
- Vinoba Bhave made Sarvodaya Samaj to help the living conditions of Indians and to follow the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi as well as helping refugees.
- These two statements (3 and 4) are correct.
|
82. In which year was the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act passed?
(a) 1856
(b) 1858
(c) 1859
(d) 1862
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) 1856
- The Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act 1856 was created to allow widows in India to remarry.
- It was written by Lord Dalhousie and approved by Lord Canning in July 1856, before the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
|
83. Which of the following Acts was passed in 1856?
(i) Religious Disabilities Act
(ii) Sati Prohibition Act
(iii) Hindu Widow Remarriage Act
(iv) Policy of Annexation
Choose the correct option from the codes given below:
(a) i and ii
(b) i and iii
(c) iii and iv
(d) i, ii, and iv
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (b) i and iii
- In 1856, a law was passed to protect the rights of people who had converted to Hinduism.
- Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar campaigned for the Hindu Widows Remarriage Act, which made sure that remarrying Hindu widows did not lose certain forms of inheritance.
- Vishnu Shastri and D.K. Karve worked to help Hindu widows, and D.K. Karve even created a widow ashram in 1899 and the first Women’s University in 1916.
- William Bentinck, the Governor of Bengal, passed the Sati Prohibition Regulation in 1829.
- In 1848, Lord Dalhousie introduced a policy of annexation.
|
84. The name of D.K. Karve of Western India figures in the context of which of the following?
(a) Sati Pratha
(b) Infanticide
(c) Women’s Education
(d) Widow Remarriage
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) Women’s Education & (d) Widow Remarriage
- Dhondo Keshav Karve was an Indian person who wanted to help improve the lives of women.
- He helped widows get educated and set up a shelter and school for them.
- He also started the first university for women in India in 1916, as well as a training college for primary teachers and a school for girls called ‘Kanyashala.’
|
85. Who among the following prominently fought for and got widow remarriage legalized?
(a) Annie Besant
(b) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(c) M.G. Ranade
(d) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (b) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
- The Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act of 1856 was created because of the efforts of Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.
- This law made sure that a Hindu widow who decides to remarry will not lose certain rights to inheritance.
|
86. “I have no time to think about God because a lot of work has to be done on this earth” Whose statement is above?
(a) Swami Vivekanand
(b) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
(c) Swami Ramakrishna Paramhans
(d) Swami Ishwarchandra Vidhyasagar
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2016]
Ans (d) Swami Ishwarchandra Vidhyasagar
- When someone asked him if God exists, Ishwarchandra Vidhyasagar said he did not have enough time to consider it since there is a lot to do here on earth.
|
87. Which of the following statements is not correct?
(a) In 1829, William Bentinck declared Sati System an offense by law.
(b) The Government had passed an Act in 1856 under which Hindu widows could remarry.
(c) Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded Arya Samaj in 1875.
(d) Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a supporter of the Sati System.
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (d) Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a supporter of the Sati System.
- Statement (d) is wrong. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was strongly against the Sati system.
- He asked William Bentinck, the Governor of Bengal at the time, to ban Sati practice in British India, and it was prohibited under clause 17 of 1829.
- The court was then instructed to take action against those involved and punish them for culpable Homicide.
|
88. Who declared ‘Sati’ illegal?
(a) Warren Hastings
(b) William Bentinck
(c) Cornwallis
(d) Curzon
(e) None of the above/ More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017]
Ans (b) William Bentinck
- Statement (d) is incorrect.
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy strongly opposed the Sati system.
- He appealed to William Bentinck, the then Governor of Bengal to ban sati practice in British India, and the Sati System was banned under provision 17 of 1829, and ordered the court to file a case as culpable Homicide and punish them.
|
89. What did the Act V of 1843 make illegal?
(a) Child marriage
(b) Infanticide
(c) Sati
(d) Slavery
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (d) Slavery
- In 1843, Lord Ellen Borough, the Governor-General of India, made it illegal to own slaves.
- This was in line with a request made in the Charter of 1833 to end slavery as soon as possible.
- All slaves were set free without the owners being given any money as compensation.
|
90. Who among the following had played an important role in passing the Native Marriage Act of 1872?
(a) Devendra Nath Tagore
(b) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(c) Keshav Chandra Sen
(d) Shyam Chandra Das
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (c) Keshav Chandra Sen
- Keshav Chandra Sen had a big influence on the Native Marriage Act of 1872.
- This law set the minimum age for marriage at 14 years old for girls and 18 years for boys.
- This law is also called the Brahmo Marriage Act.
|
91. In which year was the ‘Native Marriage Act’ passed?
(a) 1870
(b) 1872
(c) 1874
(d) 1876
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (b) 1872
- Keshav Chandra Sen was vital in passing the Native Marriage Act of 1872.
- This law determined the minimum age of marriage to be 14 years old for girls and 18 years old for boys.
- This Act is also known as the Brahmo Marriage Act.
|
92. The Civil Marriage Act of 1872 sought to curb the practice of child marriage by placing the minimum age of girls at:
(a) 14 years
(b) 18 years
(c) 16 years
(d) None of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (a) 14 years
- K.C. Sen worked hard to change social customs like ending child marriage, polygamy, widow remarriage, and inter-caste marriage.
- As a result, the Native Marriage Act was passed in 1872, allowing inter-caste marriages and banning polygamy.
- A Parsi reformer, B.M. Malabari, then made the Age of Consent Act, which prevented girls under the age of 12 from getting married.
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak disagreed with this Act.
|
93. Consider the following passage:
“Born in 1853 he was a Parsi from Western India. He was the editor of “Indian Spectator” and “Voice of India.” He was a social reformer and was the chief crusader for the Age of Consent Act of 1891.
Who is being described in the above paragraph?
(a) Dadabhai Naoroji
(b) B. M. Malabari
(c) B.P. Wadia
(d) Naoroji Furdon Ji
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) B. M. Malabar
- Behramji M. Malabari, a Parsi Zoroastrian who was an important Indian poet, writer and social reformer, was born in Baroda, Gujarat on 18th May 1853.
- He edited the Indian Spectator from 1880 to when it became one with the Voice of India.
- He was a campaigner for social change and his actions led to the Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1885 and the Age of Consent Act in 1891.
|
94. What was the minimum marriageable age fixed under the Sharda Act for boys and girls?
(a) 12 and 16
(b) 14 and 18
(c) 15 and 21
(d) 16 and 22
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (b) 14 and 18
- The Child Marriage Restraint Act, also known as the Sharda Act, was passed in 1929 and set the minimum age for marriage at 14 years old for girls and 18 years old for boys.
- This was later changed to 18 for girls and 21 for boys.
- The Act was named after Har Bilas Sharda, who was famous for introducing the Child Marriage Act in 1929.
|
95. Sharda Act related to –
(a) Prevention of child marriage
(b) Prevention of intercaste marriage
(c) Prevention of widow marriage
(d) Prevention of tribal marriage
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (a) Prevention of child marriage
- In 1929, the Child Marriage Restraint Act was passed, setting the minimum age for marriage at 14 for girls and 18 for boys.
- This was later changed to 18 for girls and 21 for boys.
- This law is commonly known as the Sharda Act, named after Har Bilas Sharda who proposed the Child Marriage Act.
|
96. Who founded the ‘Theosophical Society’?
(a) Madame H.P. Blavatsky
(b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Swami Vivekananda
[53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (a) Madame H.P. Blavatsky
- In 1875, Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, a Russian noblewoman, along with American Colonel Henry Steel Alcott, attorney William Quan Judge, and other people, founded the Theosophical Society in New York City.
- Four years later, Blavatsky and Alcott moved to India, and the Society grew quickly.
- In 1882, they set up the Society’s International Headquarters in Adyar, near Madras (now Chennai).
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy started the Brahmo Samaj in 1828, and Swami Vivekananda created the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897.
|
97. The success of the Theosophical Society in India was mainly due to –
(a) Annie Besant
(b) Colonel H.S. Alcott
(c) Sir William Crook
(d) M.M. Malviya
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (a) Annie Besant
- In 1879, Madam H.P. Blavatsky and Colonel Alcott relocated to India, where the Theosophical Society quickly gained popularity.
- In 1882, a base for the international society was set up in Adyar, a district of Madras (now Chennai).
- Annie Besant joined the organization in 1889, and after arriving in India in 1893, she was very active in society.
- She thought Hinduism was a very spiritual and secret faith, and she was a believer in reincarnation.
|
98. Which of the following is NOT correctly matched?
Organization Person
(a) Young Bengal Movement – Henry Vivian Derozeo
(b) Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha – Jyotiba Phuble
(c) Theosophical Society – Colonel Olcott
(d) United Indian Patriotic Association – Syed Ahmad Khan
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2016]
Ans (b) Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha – Jyotiba Phuble
- Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar started the Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha. The other choices are correct.
|
99. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy – Brahmo Samaj
(b) Swami Dayanand Saraswati – Arya Samaj
(c) Swami Vivekanand – Ramkrishna Mission
(d) Mahadev Govind Ranade – Theosophical Society
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (d) Mahadev Govind Ranade – Theosophical Society
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy started Brahmo Sabha (later called Brahmo Samaj) on August 20, 1828. Swami Dayanand Saraswati began the Arya Samaj on April 7, 1875 in Mumbai.
- Swami Vivekananda established the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897.
- Aatma Ram Pandurang began Prarthana Samaj in 1867 in Bombay with inspiration from Keshav Chandra Sen; Mahadev Govind Ranade was part of this group
|
100. Find the correct matches in Lists I and II in the alternatives given thereunder:
| List- I |
List- II |
| 1. Prarthana Samaj |
A. Raja Ram Mohan Roy |
| 2. Brahmo Samaj |
B. Vivekananda |
| 3. Arya Samaj |
C. Dayanand Saraswati |
| 4. Ram Krishna Mission |
D. Ranade |
| |
E. Ram Krishna Paramhansa |
Code :
1 2 3 4
(a) A B C D
(b) B E A C
(c) D A C E
(d) D A C B
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (d) D A C B
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy established Brahmo Sabha on August 20, 1828, which was later called Brahmo Samaj.
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati created Arya Samaj on April 7, 1875, in Mumbai. Swami Vivekananda created Ramakrishna Mission in 1897.
- Aatma Ram Pandurang started Prarthana Samaj in 1867 in Bombay, with Keshav Chandra Sen’s inspiration and Mahadev Govind Ranade was part of this society
|
101. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Theosophical Society – Annie Besant
(b) Ramakrishna Mission – Ramakrishna Paramhansa
(c) Brahmo Samaj – Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(d) Arya Samaj – Dayanand Saraswati
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (b) Ramakrishna Mission – Ramakrishna Paramhansa
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy established Brahmo Sabha on August 20, 1828, which later became known as Brahmo Samaj.
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati started the Arya Samaj on April 7, 1875, in Mumbai.
- Swami Vivekananda set up the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897.
- Aatma Ram Pandurang created Prarthana Samaj in 1867 in Bombay, based on the ideas of Keshav Chandra Sen, with Mahadev Govind
|
102. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Prarthana Samaj – Dr. Atmaram Pandurang
(b) Atmiya Sabha – Debendra Nath Tagore
(c) Brahmo Samaj of India – Keshav Chandra Sen
(d) Radhaswami Satsang – Tulsi Ram
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (b) Atmiya Sabha – Debendra Nath Tagore
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy started the Atmiya Sabha in 1815.
- Two years later, R.G. Bhandarkar and Mahadev Govind Ranade joined.
- Aatma Ram Pandurang created Prarthana Samaj in Bombay in 1867, taking inspiration from Keshav Chandra Sen.
- In 1866, Brahmo Samaj was separated into two parts: Adi Brahmo Samaj with Devendra Nath Tagore and Indian Brahmo Samaj under Keshav Chandra Sen.
- Tulsi Ram was connected
|
103. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists:
| List-I |
List-II |
| A. Brahmo Samaj |
1. Mumbai |
| B. Manav Dharma Sabha |
2. Surat |
| C. Arya Samaj |
3. Kolkata |
| D. Nadwah-ul-Ulama |
4. Lucknow |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 4 1 3 2
(b) 1 4 3 2
(c) 3 1 4 2
(d) 3 2 1 4
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003]
Ans. (d) 3 2 1 4
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy set up the Brahmo Samaj in Calcutta on August 20, 1828.
- The Manav Dharma Sabha was founded in Surat. Swami Dayanand Saraswati started the Arya Samaj on April 7, 1875, in Mumbai, with the aim of restoring the Vedic religion.
- The Nadwah-ul-Ulama was started in Lucknow and had a significant role
|
104. Match the following.
| A. Prarthana Samaj |
1. Swami Vivekananda |
| B. Ramakrishna Mission |
2. Mahadev Govind Ranade |
| C. Satyashodhak Samaj |
3. Sir Sayed Ahmed Khan |
| D. Muhammad-Anglo Oriental College Aligarh |
4. Jyotiba Phule |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 1 4 3 2
(b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 2 1 4 3
(d) 4 2 3 1
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (c) 2 1 4 3
- Prarthana Samaj was founded by Aatma Ram Pandurang in 1867 in Bombay, inspired by Keshav Chandra Sen.
- Jyotiba Rao Phule followed suit by founding Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873.
- In 1897, Swami Vivekanand founded Ramakrishna Mission.
- Sir Sayed Ahmed Khan, in turn, founded Muhammadan-Anglo Oriental College in Aligarh.
|
105. Which one of the following is correctly matched?
(a) Brahmo Samaj of India -Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(b) Tatvabodhini Sabha – Keshav Chandra Sen
(c) The Satyashodhak Samaj – Devendranath Tagore
(d) The Servants of India Society – Gopal Krishna Gokhale
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (d) The Servants of India Society – Gopal Krishna Gokhale
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale created the Servants of India Society in 1905 to bring together people of different religions and backgrounds to help the community.
- He was the chairman of the 21st Indian National Congress in Banaras in 1905 and was known as the political teacher of Mahatma Gandhi.
- Devendra Nath Tagore started the Tatvabodhini Samaj in 1839 to spread the ideas of Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
- In 1866, the Brahmo Samaj split into two groups, Adi Brahmo Samaj (led by Devendra Nath Tagore) and the Bhartiya Brahmo Samaj (led by Keshav Chandra Sen).
- Jyotiba Rao Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj
|
106. M.C. Setalvad, B.N. Rao, and Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer were distinguished members of the:
(a) Swaraj Party
(b) All India National Liberal Federation
(c) Madras Labour Union
(d) Servants of India Society
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (d) Servants of India Society
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale started the ‘Servants of India Society in 1905 with the goal of training people to help Indian people in lawful ways.
- V. Srinivas Shastri, G.K. Devdhar, N.M. Joshi and Pandit Hridayalnath Kunzuru are some of the people who came from this society. M.C. Shitalvaad, B.N. Rao, and Alladi Krishna Swami Ayer were also important members of the society.
|
107. ‘Servants of India Society was founded by –
(a) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji
(d) Lala Lajpat Rai
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale started the ‘Servants of India Society’ in 1905 to train people to work for India and to help the Indian people in legal ways.
- This society produced many social workers such as V. Srinivas Shastri, G.K. Devdhar, N.M. Joshi, Pandit Hridayalnath Kunzuru, etc.
- Distinguished members of this society included M.C. Shitalvaad, B.N. Rao, and Alladi Krishna Swami Ayer.
|
108. Who was the founder of ‘Servants of India Society’?
(a) Madan Mohan Malviya
(b) Sarojini Naidu
(c) Justice Ranade
(d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale started the ‘Servants of India Society in 1905 with the goal to train people to help India and to protect the rights of Indian people in legal ways.
- This society produced many social activists such as V. Srinivas Shastri, G.K. Devdhar, N.M. Joshi, Pandit Hridayalnath Kunzuru etc.
- M.C. Shitalvaad, B.N. Rao, and Alladi Krishna Swami Ayer were some of the main members of this society
|
109. Who was the founder of the Servants of India society?
(a) M.G. Ranade
(b) Anant Patwardhan
(c) G. K. Gokhale
(d) B.G. Tilak
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (c) G. K. Gokhale
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale started the Servants of India Society in 1905 to bring together people of different backgrounds and religions to focus on helping people in need.
- This was the first organization that was not tied to any religion, and which was devoted to helping those living in rural and tribal areas.
|
110. Who was the founder of Bahujan Samaj?
(a) Sri Narayan Guru
(b) Mukund Rao Patil
(c) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
(d) B.R. Shinde
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) Mukund Rao Patil
- Mukund Rao Patil and Shankar Rao Jadhav started Bahujan Samaj in 1910 in Satara, Maharashtra to fight against the unfair treatment of people from lower castes by those from higher castes – including Brahmins, loan sharks, and landlords.
- It also disagreed with the Indian National Congress. Eventually, it backed the British Government.
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111. The Rajahmundry Social Reform Association to encourage widow re-marriage was founded in 1871 by –
(a) Veeresalingam
(b) K. Ramakrishan Pillai
(c) K.T. Telang
(d) Gopalachariar
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre.) 2021]
Ans (a) Veeresalingam
- Raj Bahadur Kandukuri Veeresalingam Pantulu created the Rajahmundry Social Reform Association.
- He was an influential social reformer from the Madras Presidency in British India and is seen as the leader of the Telugu Renaissance.
- Through the association, he worked to stop people from using nautch girls and he fought for widow remarriage.
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112. Who demanded the right to enter temples that caused a terrible riot in Tirunelveli in 1899?
(a) Okalinga
(b) Nadars
(c) Mahar
(d) Pali
[40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (b) Nadars
- In 1899, the Nadars asked to be allowed to go into temples, which caused a huge disturbance in the Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu.
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113. Who said “If God were to tolerate untouchability, I would not recognize him as God at all.”
(a) B.R. Ambedkar
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai
(d) Mahatma Gandhi
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- In 1918, Tilak had a conversation with V.R. Shinde about the issue of untouchability at a conference in Lonavala District.
- Tilak agreed to help in any way he could.
- The first depressed classes conference was held in Bombay near French Bridge on March 24th and 25th.
- When addressing the conference, Tilak said that untouchability should be abolished.
- He said that all Indians are part of the same country and that untouchability is wrong morally and spiritually.
- His words were strong when he said: “If God allowed untouchability, I wouldn’t recognize Him as God.”
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114. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below-
| List-I |
List-II |
| A. Raja Ram Mohan Roy |
1. Said that Brahmovad should be made the religion of the world. |
| B. Keshav Chandra Sen |
2. Identified Hinduism with religion instituted in Vedas. |
| C Dayanand Saraswati |
3. Emphasized that there are several ways to reach God. |
| D. Ramakrishna |
4. The purest form of Hinduism Paramhansa is contained in Upanishads |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 1 4 2 3
(b) 1 4 3 2
(c) 4 1 3 2
(d) 4 1 2 3
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (d) 4 1 2 3
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy said that the purest version of Hinduism is found in the Upanishads.
- Keshav Chandra Sen believed that Brahmovad should be the religion of the world.
- Dayanand Saraswati said that Hinduism is based on the teachings of the Vedas.
- Lastly, Ramakrishna Paramhansa stressed that there are many paths to reach God.
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115. Which one of the following is not correctly matched:
(a) A.Pandurang – Prarthana Samaj
(b) Dayanand Saraswati – Arya Samaj
(c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy – Adi Brahma Samaj
(d) Vivekanand – Ram Krishna Mission
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy – Adi Brahma Samaj
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Brahmo Samaj in Calcutta on August 20, 1828.
- Devendra Nath Tagore later renamed it ‘Adi Brahmo Samaj’.
- In 1866, the Samaj was divided into two parts – ‘Adi Brahmo Samaj’ led by Tagore and ‘Indian Brahmo Samaj’ led by Keshav Chandra Sen.
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116. Who among the following social reformers was known for proficiency in the Sanskrit language?
(a) Dayanand Saraswati
(b) Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar
(c) Raja Rammohan Roy
(d) All the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (d) All the above
- Dayanand Saraswati, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, and Raja Ram Mohan Roy worked very hard to make changes in India during the time when it was ruled by the British.
- They all knew Sanskrit and wanted to get rid of the bad parts of Hinduism and Indian culture.
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117. Read the following statements carefully–
1. Brahmo Samaj supported monotheism.
2. Arya Samaj contributed to the development of education.
3. Swami Vivekanand founded Ramakrishna Mission.
Answer on the basis of the following code :
(a) 1, 2, and 3 are true
(b) 1 and 2 and true
(c) 1 and 3 are true
(d) 2 and 3 are true
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (a) 1, 2, and 3 are true
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy created the Brahmo Samaj on August 20, 1828 in Calcutta.
- This organization opposed the worship of idols, the belief that gods have human forms, and the power of priests.
- It advocated for the worship of God by all.
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati started the Arya Samaj in 1875 and its followers played a huge role in progressing education and knowledge.
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118. The women’s movement in India started largely under the inspiration of :
(a) Padmabai Ranaday
(b) Annie Besant
(c) Sarojini Naidu
(d) Jyotiba Phule
[48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (d) Jyotiba Phule
- Jyotiba Phule was the main influence behind the start of the women’s movement in India.
- He thought that social issues could only be solved by helping women and the Dalit community.
- In 1848, he opened the first school for girls in India.
- Ramabai Ranade was the driving force behind the modern women’s movement and founded an organization called Seva Sadan.
- This is why the Bihar Public Service Commission didn’t consider any of the answers to the question correct.
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119. What was common among Brahma Samaj, Ram Krishna Mission, and Arya Samaj?
(a) None of these three had a political mission but they helped to develop a spirit of patriotism
(b) All three originated in Bengal
(c) Founder of all three was educated in England
(d) Founder of all three took an active part in politics
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2008]
Ans. (a) None of these three had a political mission but they helped to develop a spirit of patriotism
- Brahmo Samaj, Ramakrishna, and Arya Samaj all contributed to social reform, education, and patriotism.
- None of these organizations had a political agenda, but they worked to encourage a sense of loyalty and love for their country.
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120. Which of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Dr. Annie Besant was a Theosophist.
(b) The International headquarters of the Theosophical Society is in Madras.
(c) Swami Dayanand founded Arya Samaj.
(d) Mahatma Gandhi was born in Gandhinagar.
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (d) Mahatma Gandhi was born in Gandhinagar.
- Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, India.
- Annie Besant became a member of the Theosophical Society in 1889 and became its chairman after Colonel Alcott’s death in 1907.
- The Society was established by Madam H.P. Blavatsky and Col. Alcott in 1882 and its International Headquarters was set up in Adyar, a suburb of Madras.
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded Arya Samaj in 1875 in Bombay.
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121. ‘Dar-ul-Ulum was established by –
(a) Maulana Shibli Numani
(b) Maulavi Hussain Ahmad
(c) Maulavi Abdullah Chakralavi
(d) Maulana Ahmad Riza Khan
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (a) Maulana Shibli Numani
- Dar-ul-Ulum Nadwatul Ulma, commonly known as DarUl-Uloom, was established in Lucknow in 1898 by Nadwatul Ulma.
- Prior to this, Maulana Luftullah and Maulana Shibli Numani had established Nadwatul Uloom in Kanpur in 1893, with Shibli Numani teaching at the Ulum.
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122. The Deoband Movement in U.P. (United Provinces) started in the year
(a) 1900 A.D.
(b) 1888 A.D.
(c) 1885 A.D.
(d) 1866 A.D.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) 1866 A.D.
- In 1866, the Deoband Movement began in Deoband, Uttar Pradesh, with the goal of removing British rule from India and bringing back Islamic rule.
- It was set up by Maulana Muhammed Qasim Nanotavi, Rashid Ahmed Gangohi, Saiyad Ahmed Abid Zulfi qar Ali, and others.
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123. Who began the Faraizi Movement?
(a) Haji Shariatullah
(b) Syed Ahmed
(c) Salimullah
(d) M.A. Jinnah
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (a) Haji Shariatullah
- Haji Shariatullah began the Faraizi movement in response to British rule, which was limiting Muslims’ freedom to practice their religion and taking away their rights.
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124. The Tarkeshwar Movement of 1924 in Bengal was against:
(a) Corruption in temples
(b) Violence
(c) Arrest of political leaders
(d) Communalism
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015]
Ans. (a) Corruption in temples
- In 1924 in Calcutta (Bengal), people started a movement to protest the corrupt priest (Mahant) at the Tarkeswar Shiva temple.
- People accused the priest of misusing temple funds and cheating on the wife of a Government worker.
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125. ‘Hali System’ concerned :
(a) Bonded labor
(b) Exploitation of peasants
(c) Untouchability
(d) Illiteracy
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (a) Bonded labor
- The Hali System was about forcing people to work as slaves for wealthy people.
- The Kapilraj tribe in Bardoli were forced to be laborers for their rich masters under the Hali System.
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