Plant Reproduction Notes with PDF
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Plant Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
- The flower is the most important part of a plant in terms of its life cycle.
- Meiosis is best studied in plant anthers, where pollen grains (male gametes) are formed.
- Dichogamy is the phenomenon where, in a bisexual flower, the androecium (male part) and gynoecium (female part) mature at different times.
- Geitonogamy is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of another flower on the same plant.
- The embryo of a plant is found within the seed.
Asexual / Vegetative Propagation
- Characteristics:
- Produces a clonal population (genetically identical to the parent).
- Can be practiced during most of the year.
- Methods and Examples:
- Stem Cutting: Used for plants like Sugarcane, Bougainvillea, Carnation, and Grapes.
- Layering:
- Gootee is a specific type of layering.
- Jasmine is typically propagated by layering.
- Grafting: Sweet orange is typically propagated by grafting.
- General Facts:
- Plants can be formed like the parent plant from both seeds (sexual) and stem cuttings (asexual).
- Clonal selection, a breeding method that uses vegetative propagation, can be used in crops like Potato.
Seed Technology & Germination
- Seed Germination:
- Necessary conditions: Water, proper temperature, and oxygen.
- Light is not an absolute requirement for the germination of all seeds.
- Seed Dispersal:
- The Censer mechanism is a type of seed dispersal found in Poppy.
- Seed Categories:
- Breeder seed is the category of seed that is replaced every year.
Crop Cultivation Practices
Sugarcane Cultivation
- Using ‘bud chip settlings’ raised in a nursery saves a substantial amount of seed material.
- Sugarcane can also be cultivated using settlings prepared from tissue culture.
Crop Rotation
- A legume crop should be followed by a non-legume crop.
- It is not recommended to follow a deep-rooted crop with the same type of deep-rooted crop.
Pollination Agents
- Common pollinating agents include:
- Bats
- Bees
- Birds
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