1. Which of the following coasts of India was worst affected by the 2004 Tsunami?
(a) Malabar Coast
(b) Konkan Coast
(c) Coromandel Coast
(d) Northern Circars Coast
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (c) Coromandel Coast
- On December 26th, 2004, a Tsunami from the Indian Ocean caused a lot of damage to the Coromandel coast of India.
- This coast is located in the southeast part of India and goes from False Divi Point in the north to Kanyakumari in the south.
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2. Which of the following coastal areas of India was aff ected by ‘Hudhud Cyclone’?
(a) Andhra pradesh coast
(b) Kerala coast
(c) Chennai coast
(d) Bengal coast
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) Andhra pradesh coast
- In October 2014, a powerful cyclone named Hudhud hit the coast of Andhra Pradesh in Visakhapatnam.
- It brought heavy rainfall and strong winds, which caused a lot of damage to the northern part of the state.
- The name Hudhud was suggested by Oman.
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3. The Tsunami Warning Center in India is located in
(a) Chennai
(b) Vishakhapatnam
(c) Hyderabad
(d) Port Blair
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (c) Hyderabad
- The ITEWC was set up in July 2005 at INCOIS (which is part of ESSO) in Hyderabad, India.
- It is now operational.
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4. The Indian Meteorological Department was established at
(a) New Delhi
(b) Nagpur
(c) Jodhpur
(d) Pune
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (a) New Delhi
- The Indian Meteorological Department was created in 1875 and is managed by the Ministry of Earth and Science.
- Its main office is located on Lodhi Road in New Delhi.
- The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorological Institute and the deputy director office of the IMD are located in Pune.
- Initially, the headquarters of IMD was in Calcutta, then it moved to Shimla in 1905, Pune in 1928 and finally to New Delhi in 1944.
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5. Match List-I (Natural Hazards) with List-II (Regions) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
| List-I (Natural Hazards) |
List-II (Regions) |
| A. Floods |
1. Himalayan foothill Zone |
| B. Earthquakes |
2. Jharkhand and Northern Odisha |
| C. Droughts |
3. Plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar |
| D. Cyclones |
4. Mid-Eastern India. |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 3 1 2 4
(b) 3 1 4 2
(c) 2 3 1 4
(d) 4 2 3 1
[47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (b) 3 1 4 2
- In 1969, the Central Water Commission set up the Flood Forecast & Warning Organization to establish forecasting sites on rivers in areas prone to flooding.
- This network includes 328 sites spread across 22 states and three union territories, with the most sites in Uttar Pradesh (44) and Bihar (43).
- Middle East India is most affected by droughts, while cyclones are more common on the eastern coast of India, especially in Odisha.
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6. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer using the code given below :
| List- I (Natural Disaster) |
List- II (Affected Area/Region) |
| A. Flood |
i. Himalayan Zone |
| B. Earthquake |
ii. Plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar |
| C. Drought |
iii. West and Central India Zone |
| D. Tsunami |
iv. Southern Coastal area of India |
Code :
A B C D
(a) ii i iii iv
(b) i ii iii iv
(c) iv i ii iii
(d) iii i ii iv
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) ii i iii iv
| List- I (Natural Disaster) |
List- II (Affected Area/Region) |
| Flood |
Plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar |
| Earthquake |
Himalayan Zone |
| Drought |
West and Central India Zone |
| Tsunami |
Southern Coastal area of India |
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7. What is the factor of a Tropical cyclone in the month of May?
(a) Cyclone of Bay of Bengal
(b) Western disturbance
(c) Local temperature variation
(d) Northeastern winds.
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (c) Local temperature variation
- Preconditions for the emergence of a tropical cyclone are-
- A consistent flow of hot and humid air that can create a lot of heat.
- A huge Coriolis force that stops the air from rushing in to fill up the low pressure in the middle.
- Unstable air in the troposphere causes localized disturbances which can form cyclones.
- No powerful wind blowing up from the ground.
- In May, local temperature changes are the most important factor for tropical cyclones.
- The increased warmth in certain coastal areas creates a kind of pull that causes the storm to move towards the warmer area.
- This makes the storm larger and more powerful, and increases the risk of damage in the area.
- Temperature changes help the cyclones form and become stronger.
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8. Given below are two statements. One is labelled as Assertion and other as Reason :
Assertion (A): The frequency of landslides has increased in the Himalayas.
Reason (R): There has been large-scale mining in the Himalayas in recent years.
In the context of the above which one of the following is correct :
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003]
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- Landslides have been happening more often in the Himalayas.
- Earthquakes and people doing building activities like making roads and dams are the main reasons.
- There has been a lot of mining in the Himalayas recently for the building projects, which is why the landslides have increased.
- Both the cause and the effect are true, and the cause explains why the effect is happening.
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9. Cyclones are more frequent in the coastal areas of Bay of Bengal, because –
(a) High temperatures in the Bay of Bengal
(b) Water in the Bay of Bengal has chemicals which help in the formation of cyclones
(c) Long chain of the island of Andaman and Nicobar acts as launching pad for cyclones
(d) The conical shape of Bay of Bengal funnels cyclones North wards when they are formed in the sea
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (a) High temperatures in the Bay of Bengal
- A cyclone is a large storm that rotates around a low pressure area.
- The winds move in a circular pattern, counterclockwise in the north and clockwise in the south.
- Cyclones often affect the Bay of Bengal and Arabian sea.
- They are usually caused by high temperatures and move around in an anticlockwise direction.
- There are two seasons when cyclones usually happen –
- May to June
- mid-September to mid-December
- The east coast from Odisha to Tamil Nadu is particularly at risk for cyclones.
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10. Assertion (A): The East Coast is more prone to cyclones than the Western Coast.
Reason (R): The east coast of India lies in the zone of northeast trade winds.
In the context of the above statements, which of the following is correct?
Code :
(a) (A) and (R) both are true, and (R) is correct explanation of (A).
(b) (A) and (R) both are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (R) is true, but (A) is false.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (b) (A) and (R) both are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
- The east coast of India is more likely to experience cyclones than the west coast because the cyclones that form in the Bay of Bengal move in a counterclockwise direction and affect the entire east coast.
- Therefore, statement A is true.
- The east coast of India is also located in the area of northeast trade winds.
- This means that both statement A and statement R are true and statement R is not an explanation of statement A.
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11. What is ‘Ockhi’ which has been in the news recently?
(a) Cyclonic storm that hit India’s coast in November 2017
(b) The film that won the ‘Golden Peacock’ Award in the International Film Festival held in Goa in November 2017
(c) The venue in Bangladesh where Asian Archery Championship was held in November 2017
(d) The nearest place in Doklam area where Chinese army is stationed
[U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2017]
Ans. (a) Cyclonic storm that hit India’s coast in November 2017
- In November 2017, Ockham, a very strong cyclone, hit India’s coast.
- It was classified as an extremely dangerous storm.
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12. Assertion (A): The Koyna region of Maharashtra is likely to become more earthquake-prone in the near future.
Reason (R): The Koyna Dam is located on an old fault plane which may get activated more frequently with changes in water level in the Koyna reservoir.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2001]
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- Geologists say that the Koyna dam is built on an area that used to be a fault line.
- If the water level in the Koyna reservoir changes, this fault line might be more active and the Koyna region of Maharashtra might experience more earthquakes in the future.
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13. Which among the following states faces a maximum natural disaster?
(a) Andhra Pradesh
(b) Odisha
(c) Bihar
(d) Gujarat
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) Odisha
- Odisha, which is situated on the shore of the Bay of Bengal, often experiences floods and droughts due to cyclones and anticyclones.
- This means that Odisha is prone to cyclones, floods, and drought, making it more susceptible to natural disasters than other States.
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14. The first Disaster Management Training Institution of the country is being established at:
(a) Hyderabad ( Andhra Pradesh)
(b) Bangalore (Karnataka)
(c) Latur (Maharashtra)
(d) Chennai (Tamil Nadu)
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (c) Latur (Maharashtra)
- The CRPF has created the first Disaster Management Training Institute in the country in Latur, Maharashtra.
- India’s first disaster management training institute was opened back in 1957 on April 29th in Nagpur.
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15. Which one of the following areas of India does not come under the zone of high seismic intensity?
(a) Uttarakhand
(b) Karnataka Plateau
(c) Kutch
(d) Himachal Pradesh
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (b) Karnataka Plateau
- Zone 2 covers 41.4% of the country and has the highest maximum horizontal acceleration of 10% of gravitational acceleration, according to the IS code.
- This zone includes big parts of the peninsular region and Karnataka Plateau, which means it does not experience a high level of seismic intensity.
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16. India has been divided into how many Seismic Risk Zones?
(a) 5
(b) 6
(c) 4
(d) 7
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) 4
- The Bureau of Indian Standards has divided India into four different seismic zones: II, III, IV and V.
- Zone V is the most prone to earthquakes and Zone II is the least active.
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17. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): The highest concentration of Seismic zones lies in the Himalayan region in India.
Reason (R): There are many longitudinal thrust zones in the Himalayas.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- The Himalayan region in India has the most seismic activity.
- This activity is because the Indian plate is pushing underneath the Eurasian plate.
- The mountains of the Himalayas have recently shown large faults and thrusting.
- So both the statement that the highest concentration of seismic zones lies in the Himalayan region in India and the statement that there are many longitudinal thrust zones in the Himalayas are correct.
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18. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
Cities Seismic Zones
(a) Bhuj – IV
(b) Hyderabad – I
(c) Srinagar – V
(d) Chennai – II
[U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014]
Ans. (*)
- Option(a) & (b) both are not correctly matched because Bhuj lies in seismic Zone V and Hyderabad falls in Seismic Zone II.
- Other options are correctly matched.
Cities Seismic Zones
-
- Bhuj Zone V
- Hyderabad Zone II
- Srinagar Zone V
- Chennai Zone II
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19. Assertion (A): The frequency of floods in North Indian plains has increased during the last couple of decades.
Reason (R): There has been a reduction in the depth of river valleys due to deposition of silt.
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- Over the past few decades, flooding in the northern Indian plains has become more common.
- This is mainly because the rivers are not as deep as they used to be because of sediment build-up.
- The sediment has made the river valleys shallower, leading to flooding during regular rain.
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20. The most flood-prone state of India is :
(a) Assam
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(c) Bihar
(d) Uttar Pradesh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (c) Bihar
- Bihar is the most likely state in India to experience flooding.
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21. Among the following areas of Uttar Pradesh which is the maximum flood affected?
(a) Western area
(b) Eastern area
(c) Middle area
(d) Northern area
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (b) Eastern area
- Uttar Pradesh can be broken down into three different parts when it comes to flooding: high, medium, and low flood-affected areas.
- Almost half of the flood-affected areas of Uttar Pradesh are in the high flood zone.
- The eastern parts of Uttar Pradesh experience the most flooding.
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22. Cyclone “Tauktae” was formed in which ocean?
(a) Bay of Bengal
(b) Indian Ocean
(c) Caspian Sea
(d) Arabian Sea
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (d) Arabian Sea
- Cyclone “Tauktae” started in the Arabian Sea and made landfall in Gujarat in May 2021.
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23. Which one of the following causes is responsible for rainfall during winters in the north-western part of India?
(a) Retreating Monsoon
(b) Cyclonic Depression
(c) Western disturbances
(d) South-West Monsoon
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (c) Western disturbances
- The weather patterns in the winter months that come from the Mediterranean region and affect the northern and northwestern parts of India are called western cyclonic disturbances.
- Tropical cyclones occur during the monsoon season and October-November, and they are part of the wind from the east.
- These weather disruptions primarily affect the coastal areas of India.
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