1. The protest method of moderate leaders of the Congress was?
(a) Non-Co-operation
(b) Constitutional agitation
(c) Passive resistance
(d) Civil disobedience
[48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Constitutional agitation
- At the Surat Session of Congress in 1907, Congress was divided into two groups: the Moderates and the Extremists.
- The Moderates believed strongly constitutional means of protest and believed in British sense of fairness and justice.
- The Extremists, however, did not think the British would be kind and instead put their trust in passive resistance.
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2. Which one of the following movements has contributed to a split in the Indian National Congress resulting in the emergence of ‘moderates’ and ‘extremists’?
(a) Swadeshi Movement
(b) Quit India Movement
(c) Non-cooperation Movement
(d) Civil Disobedience Movement
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (a) Swadeshi Movement
- Extremists and Moderates had difference in opinion on Swaraj, Swadeshi, and foreign goods boycott during Swadeshi movement.
- This difference in opinion led to the split in the Congress party during the Surat Session in 1907.
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3. Most of the moderate leaders hailed from :
(a) Rural areas
(b) Urban areas
(c) Both rural and urban areas
(d) Punjab
[43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) Urban areas
- During the period of liberal politics, Dadabhai Naoroji, Firoz Shah Mehta, Dinshaw Wacha, Womesh Banerjee, and Surendranath Banerjee were the more moderate leaders who came from cities.
- People like lawyers, doctors, engineers, journalists, and writers who were wealthier or from the middle class were in control during this time.
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4. Which of the following continuously from 1904 onwards emphasized on the grant of ‘self-rule’ to India?
(a) S. N. Banerjee
(b) Aurobindo Ghosh
(c) Firoz Shah Mehta
(d) Dadabhai Naoroji
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (d) Dadabhai Naoroji
- In 1904, Dadabhai Naoroji, who was a first-time Dadabhai, demanded that India should have Self-Government at the International Socialist Congress.
- He then kept pushing for this grant of Self Rule in India and even brought it up in his presidential address in 1906 at the Indian National Congress.
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5. Which one of the following was not an extremist?
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(b) Madan Lal
(c) Udham Singh
(d) G.K. Gokhale
[44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (d) G.K. Gokhale
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale believed in using peaceful methods and gradual change to reach his goal.
- He took part in the 1888 Congress Session in Allahabad and was then elected to the Bombay Constitution Council and the Imperial Legislative Council.
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale was the president of Indian National Congress Session in Banaras in 1905.
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7. Who established the ‘Servants of India Society’?
(a) Lala Lajpat Rai
(b) Bipin Chandra Pal
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(d) Bhagat Singh
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905 to unite and train Indians of different ethnicities and religions in welfare work.
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9. Who accused the Indian National Congress of practicing ‘politics of prayer, petition and protest’:
(a) Lala Hardayal
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Subhash Chandra Bose
(d) Sardar Bhagat Singh
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002, U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- The first twenty years of the Indian National Congress (INC) are known as a time of moderate leadership.
- People like Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendra Nath Banerjee, Mahadev Govind Ranade, Feroz Shah Mehta, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Anand Mohan Bose had faith in the fairness of the British and pursued non-aggressive goals.
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal, on the other hand, had a more extreme approach and criticized the moderates for their belief in the constitutional method and strategy of protest, prayer, and petition.
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11. The Congress policy of prayer and petition ultimately came to an end under the guidance of:
(a) Aurobindo Ghosh
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai
(d) Mahatma Gandhi
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- Tilak encouraged people to protest against the British Empire and many Congress leaders agreed with him.
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12. Who called the Indian National Congress a “Begging Institute”?
(a) B.C. Pal
(b) Tilak
(c) Aurobindo Ghosh
(d) None of them
[U.P. Lower (Spl) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Tilak
- The Indian National Congress was set up on December 28, 1885, in Gokul Das Tezpal Sanskrit Vidyalaya in Bombay.
- Extremists criticized the Congress with B.G. Tilak calling it a “Begging Institute”.
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13. The Indian National Movement came to be dominated by the extremists after –
(a) 1906
(b) 1909
(c) 1914
(d) 1919
[43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (a) 1906
- In 1906, extremism had a greater impact on India’s fight for independence.
- In December 1907, the Indian National Congress split up, as revolutionary terrorism was becoming popular.
- Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Aurobindo Ghosh were some of the important leaders of the extremists.
- Tilak declared that he would fight for his right to self-rule.
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14. Which one of the following leaders belonged to the Extremist wing of the Congress?
(a) Aurobindo Ghosh
(b) Dadabhai Naoroji
(c) G.K. Gokhale
(d) S.N. Banerjee
[45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (a) Aurobindo Ghosh
- Aurobindo Ghosh was an extremely active member of the Congress Party.
- He was one of the four main leaders (Lal, Bal, Pal, Ghosh) of this group.
- In 1908, he was arrested by British Police in the Madiktalla Garden raid and sentenced to one year in prison, but was released due to lack of evidence.
- Eventually, he became a spiritual leader and withdrew from revolutionary activities, moving to Pondicherry.
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16. Who is popularly known as ‘Sher-e-Punjab’?
(a) Rajguru
(b) Bhagat Singh
(c) Lal Lajpat Rai
(d) Udham Singh
[53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (c) Lal Lajpat Rai
- Lala Lajpat Rai was known as the “Lion of Punjab” and was a prominent member of the Indian National Congress.
- He was popularly referred to as “Punjab Kesari.”
- Along with Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal, he was part of the “Lal-Bal-Pal” group.
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17. Who among the following was not associated with the Moderates in the Indian National Congress?
(a) Ferozshah Mehta
(b) Dadabhai Naoroji
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(d) Lala Lajpat Rai
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (d) Lala Lajpat Rai
- He was an extremist representative of Punjab in Congress.
- Lala Lajpat Rai was injured in a lathi charge during the Simon Commission protest due to which he died on 17 November 1928.
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18. Who among the following is known as the “Bombay Triumvirate”?
(a) Tilak, Gokhale, Naoroji
(b) Mehta, Tilak, Tyabji
(c) Mehta, Telang, Tyabji
(d) Naoroji, Telang, Deshmukh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (c) Mehta, Telang, Tyabji
- Firojshah Mehta, K.T. Telang, and Badruddin Tyabji were famously known as the “Bombay Triumvirate”.
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19. Who among the following was considered by Lala Lajpat Rai as his political guru?
(a) Garibaldi
(b) Vivekanand
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji
(d) Mazzini
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (d) Mazzini
- Lala Lajpat Rai was inspired by Italian revolutionary Mazzini and read his biography.
- He was so moved by Mazzini’s work that he translated it into Urdu, called “The Duty of Man”.
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21. Who among the following leaders was a supporter of ‘Swadeshi’?
(a) Aurobindo Ghosh
(b) Feroz Shah Mehta
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji
(d) Subhash Chandra Bose
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (a) Aurobindo Ghosh
- Aurobindo Ghosh was the leader of the Swadeshi Movement in 1905, which was created in response to the partition of Bengal.
- Other prominent figures in this movement were Lala Lajpat Rai from Punjab, Bal Gangadhar Tilak from Maharashtra, and Bipin Chandra Pal from Bengal
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22. Who among the following is known as the father of ‘Indian Unrest’–
(a) A. O. Hume
(b) Dadabhai Naoroji
(c) Lokmanya Tilak
(d) Mahatma Gandhi
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (c) Lokmanya Tilak
- Valentine Chirol called Tilak the “father of Indian unrest”.
- Tilak went to England to sue Chirol, but he lost the case.
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26. After the sentence of B.G. Tilak, who among the following had pleaded for mercy and said: “My interest in Tilak is that of a Sanskrit scholar”?
(a) Rabindranath Tagore
(b) Max Muller
(c) Bipin Chandra Pal
(d) William Jones
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (b) Max Muller
- Max Muller, a well-known Sanskrit scholar, asked the Government to show mercy towards Tilak and said “My interest in Tilak is that of a Sanskrit scholar”.
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27. Which extremist leader of the freedom movement was given 6 years of jail punishment in 1908?
(a) Bipin Chandra Pal
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai
(d) Arvind Ghosh
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- In 1908, Bal Gangadhar Tilak was given a sentence of six years in jail for writing seditious articles in his newspaper ‘The Kesari’.
- He was sent to the Mandalay Fortress in Burma along with Lala Lajpat Rai and other people.
- In response to this sentence, the laborers of Bombay cloth mill held the first political strike in Bombay.
- While in Mandalay Jail, Tilak wrote the book ‘Gita Rahasya’.
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29. Which one of the following defines extremist ideology during the early phase of the Indian freedom movement?
(a) Stimulating the production of indigenous articles by giving them preference over imported commodities.
(b) Obtaining self-government by aggressive means in place of petitions and constitutional ways.
(c) Providing national education according to the requirements of the country.
(d) Organizing coups against the British empire through military revolt.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (b) Obtaining self-government by aggressive means in place of petitions and constitutional ways.
- Extremists wanted independence from foreign control and used aggressive protests to achieve this.
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30. The Indian Muslims, in general, were not attracted to the extremist movement because of the:
(a) influence of Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan
(b) the anti-Muslim attitude of extremist leaders
(c) the indifference shown to Muslim aspirations
(d) extremists’ policy of harping on the Hindu part
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (d) extremists’ policy of harping on the Hindu part
- Most Indian Muslims did not support the extremist movement because of its focus on Hinduism.
- Aurobindo Ghosh said that achieving independence was the goal of everyone’s life and that Hinduism was the only way to achieve it.
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31. Assertion (A) : Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a communalist.
Reason (R): He used religion as a political weapon.
Select your answer by using the codes given below :
(a) A and R both are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) A and R both are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct, but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong, but R is correct.
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (d) A is wrong, but R is correct.
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a patriotic Indian who pushed for ‘Swaraj’ (independence) for all Indians.
- He started two festivals in Maharashtra, ‘Ganapati Celebration’ and ‘Shivaji Festival’ to encourage national pride.
- He did use religion as a political tool, but it wasn’t for any religious bias.
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32. Bal Gangadhar Tilak came to be known as ‘Lokmanya Tilak’ when –
(a) he became a popular teacher
(b) he started a popular newspaper
(c) the government accused him in the Rand Murder Case
(d) he started the Shivaji and Ganpati festivals
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
- In 1897, Mr. Rand the assistant collector of Pune adopted brutal methods to stop the spread of disease by burning houses and shooting the affected people.
- Tilak wrote against Mr. Rand in his newspaper Kesari quoting “Bhagavad Gita” a Hindu Scripture “no blame could be attached to anyone who killed an oppressor without any thought of reward”.
- Following the publication Mr. Rand and his assistant were killed by Chapekar brothers.
- Tilak was charged with incitement to murder and imprisoned for 18 months.
- When he was released from prison, he earned the title “Lokmanya” which literally meant “Beloved leader of the People”.
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34. Ganpati festival in Maharashtra was started by :
(a) B.G.Tilak
(b) M.G. Ranade
(c) Bipin Chandra Pal
(d) Aurobindo Ghosh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (a) B.G.Tilak
- Ganesh Chaturthi’s origin remains unknown but became popular after a public celebration started by Bal Gangadhar Tilak in Maharashtra in 1893.
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36. Along with Mahatma Gandhi who amongst the following Muslims did lift the bier of Bal Gangadhar Tilak?
(a) Shaukat Ali
(b) Mohammad Ali
(c) Maulana A.K. Azad
(d) M.A. Ansari
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (a) Shaukat Ali
- Shaukat Ali, Dr. Saifuddin Kichalu, and Mahatma Gandhi picked up the body of Bal Gangadhar Tilak after he passed away on August 1st, 1920, and Maulana Hasrat Mohani said a tribute afterward.
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