1. The protest method of moderate leaders of the Congress was?
(a) Non-Co-operation
(b) Constitutional agitation
(c) Passive resistance
(d) Civil disobedience
[48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Constitutional agitation
- At the Surat Session of Congress in 1907, Congress was divided into two groups: the Moderates and the Extremists.
- The Moderates believed strongly that appealing to the British sense of fairness and justice and holding meetings, discussing, and sending representatives to England would create change.
- The Extremists, however, did not think the British public or Parliament would be kind and instead put their trust in passive resistance.
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2. Which one of the following movements has contributed to a split in the Indian National Congress resulting in the emergence of ‘moderates’ and ‘extremists’?
(a) Swadeshi Movement
(b) Quit India Movement
(c) Non-cooperation Movement
(d) Civil Disobedience Movement
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (a) Swadeshi Movement
- In 1907, the Congress party was divided into two groups: Moderates and Extremists.
- Moderates thought that minor issues should be settled by negotiation, strikes, and boycotts.
- Extremists, however, were not in favor of the resolutions on Swaraj, Swadeshi, and foreign goods boycott.
- This difference in opinion led to the split in the Congress party during the Surat Session in 1907.
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3. Most of the moderate leaders hailed from :
(a) Rural areas
(b) Urban areas
(c) Both rural and urban areas
(d) Punjab
[43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) Urban areas
- During the period of liberal politics, Dadabhai Naoroji, Firoz Shah Mehta, Dinshaw Wacha, Womesh Banerjee, and Surendranath Banerjee were the more moderate leaders who came from cities.
- People like lawyers, doctors, engineers, journalists, and writers who were wealthier or from the middle class were in control during this time.
- These Congress representatives were from bigger cities and had no relationship with regular people.
- Their titles and high positions were attractive
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4. Which of the following continuously from 1904 onwards emphasized on the grant of ‘self-rule’ to India?
(a) S. N. Banerjee
(b) Aurobindo Ghosh
(c) Firoz Shah Mehta
(d) Dadabhai Naoroji
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (d) Dadabhai Naoroji
- In 1904, Dadabhai Naoroji, who was a first-time Dadabhai, demanded that India should have Self-Government at the International Socialist Congress.
- He then kept pushing for this grant of Self Rule in India and even brought it up in his presidential address in 1906 at the Indian National Congress.
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5. Which one of the following was not an extremist?
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(b) Madan Lal
(c) Udham Singh
(d) G.K. Gokhale
[44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (d) G.K. Gokhale
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale was an important person who worked to help those in need in India.
- He was a leader in the revolution to gain independence for India, and he believed in using peaceful methods and gradual change to reach his goal.
- He was part of the Indian National Congress, a key group in India before independence.
- He took part in the 1888 Congress Session in Allahabad and was then elected to the Bombay Constitution Council and the Imperial Legislative Council.
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6. Who among the following was not an outstanding leader of extreme Nationalism?
(a) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(b) Bipin Chandra Pal
(c) Lokmanya Tilak
(d) Lala Lajpat Rai
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (a) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a major figure in the Indian independence movement against British rule.
- He was a prominent leader of the Indian National Congress and the founder of the Servants of India Society.
- He was not a radical nationalist.
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7. Who established the ‘Servants of India Society’?
(a) Lala Lajpat Rai
(b) Bipin Chandra Pal
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(d) Bhagat Singh
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a prominent figure in the fight for Indian independence from British rule.
- He was an influential leader of the Indian National Congress and created the Servants of India Society.
- He was not a fan of extreme nationalism.
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8. Who among the following was not an extremist nationalist leader?
(a) Bipin Chandra Pal
(b) B.G. Tilak
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai
(d) G.K. Gokhale
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (d) G.K. Gokhale
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a major figure in the fight for Indian independence from Britain.
- He was a senior member of the Indian National Congress and the founder of the Servants of India Society.
- He was not an advocate of extreme nationalism.
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9. Who accused the Indian National Congress of practicing ‘politics of prayer, petition and protest’:
(a) Lala Hardayal
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Subhash Chandra Bose
(d) Sardar Bhagat Singh
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002, U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- The first twenty years of the Indian National Congress (INC) are known as a time of moderate leadership.
- People like Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendra Nath Banerjee, Mahadev Govind Ranade, Feroz Shah Mehta, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Anand Mohan Bose had faith in the fairness of the British and pursued non-aggressive goals.
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal, on the other hand, had a more extreme approach and criticized the moderates for their belief in the constitutional method and strategy of protest, prayer, and petition.
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10. Who accused the Indian National Congress of practicing politics of, pray and petition, and protest?
(a) B.G. Tilak
(b) M.A. Jinnah
(c) S.C. Bose
(d) Annie Besant
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (a) B.G. Tilak
- The first two decades of INC are often remembered as a period of moderation.
- Notable moderate leaders included Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendra Nath Banerjee, Mahadev Govind Ranade, Feroz Shah Mehta, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Anand Mohan Bose.
- They trusted the British justice system and wanted to work with them rather than demanding independence.
- On the other hand, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal took a more extreme stance.
- B.G. Tilak criticized the moderates for relying on constitutional methods and not pushing hard enough for change.
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11. The Congress policy of prayer and petition ultimately came to an end under the guidance of:
(a) Aurobindo Ghosh
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai
(d) Mahatma Gandhi
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- Under Bal Gangadhar Tilak’s leadership, the practice of Congress to pray and ask for what they wanted stopped.
- Tilak encouraged people to protest against the British Empire and many Congress people agreed with him.
- People like Lala Lajpat Rai from Punjab and Bipin Chandra Pal from Calcutta supported Tilak and refused to follow the more moderate policies of Congress.
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12. Who called the Indian National Congress a “Begging Institute”?
(a) B.C. Pal
(b) Tilak
(c) Aurobindo Ghosh
(d) None of them
[U.P. Lower (Spl) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Tilak
- The Indian National Congress was set up on December 28, 1885, in Gokul Das Tezpal Sanskrit Vidyalaya in Bombay.
- Extremists criticized the Congress with B.G. Tilak calling it a “Begging Institute”.
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13. The Indian National Movement came to be dominated by the extremists after –
(a) 1906
(b) 1909
(c) 1914
(d) 1919
[43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (a) 1906
- In 1906, extremism had a greater impact on India’s fight for independence.
- In December 1907, the Indian National Congress split up, as revolutionary terrorism was becoming popular.
- Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Aurobindo Ghosh were some of the important leaders of the extremists.
- Tilak declared that he would fight for his right to self-rule.
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14. Which one of the following leaders belonged to the Extremist wing of the Congress?
(a) Aurobindo Ghosh
(b) Dadabhai Naoroji
(c) G.K. Gokhale
(d) S.N. Banerjee
[45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (a) Aurobindo Ghosh
- Aurobindo Ghosh was an extremely active member of the Congress Party.
- He was one of the four main leaders (Lal, Bal, Pal, Ghosh) of this group.
- In 1908, he was arrested by British Police in the Madiktalla Garden raid and sentenced to one year in prison, but was released due to lack of evidence.
- Eventually, he became a spiritual leader and withdrew from revolutionary activities, moving to Pondicherry.
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15. Who among the following was not known as a moderate in the National Movement?
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(b) Dadabhai Naoroji
(c) M.G. Ranade
(d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010, 45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- Aurobindo Ghosh was a member of the Indian National Congress who was part of a group of four people (Lal, Bal, Pal, and Ghosh) who were considered to be extremists.
- In 1908, he was taken into custody by the British Police during a raid at Madiktalla Garden and was sentenced to one year in jail, but was later released due to insufficient evidence.
- After this incident, he became a recluse and moved to Pondicherry
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16. Who is popularly known as ‘Sher-e-Punjab’?
(a) Rajguru
(b) Bhagat Singh
(c) Lal Lajpat Rai
(d) Udham Singh
[53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (c) Lal Lajpat Rai
- Lala Lajpat Rai was known as the “Lion of Punjab” and was a prominent member of the Indian National Congress.
- He was popularly referred to as “Punjab Kesari.” Along with Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal, he was part of the “Lal-Bal-Pal” group.
- In 1928, when the Simon Commission arrived in India, Lajpat
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17. Who among the following was not associated with the Moderates in the Indian National Congress?
(a) Ferozshah Mehta
(b) Dadabhai Naoroji
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(d) Lala Lajpat Rai
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (d) Lala Lajpat Rai
- Lala Lajpat Rai was known as Sher-e-Punjab.
- He was an extremist representative of Punjab in Congress.
- He is known as ‘Punjab Kesari. Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal named as “Lal-Bal-Pal.” Lala Lajpat Rai was injured in a lathi charge during the Simon Commission protest due to which he died on 17 November 1928.
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18. Who among the following is known as the “Bombay Triumvirate”?
(a) Tilak, Gokhale, Naoroji
(b) Mehta, Tilak, Tyabji
(c) Mehta, Telang, Tyabji
(d) Naoroji, Telang, Deshmukh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (c) Mehta, Telang, Tyabji
- Firojshah Mehta, K.T. Telang, and Badruddin Tyabji were famously known as the “Bombay Triumvirate”. In 1885, they joined
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19. Who among the following was considered by Lala Lajpat Rai as his political guru?
(a) Garibaldi
(b) Vivekanand
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji
(d) Mazzini
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (d) Mazzini
- Lala Lajpat Rai was inspired by Italian revolutionary Mazzini and read his biography.
- He was so moved by Mazzini’s work that he translated it into Urdu, called “The Duty of Man”.
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20. Who of the following was not a moderate:
(a) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) A.O.Hume
(d) Madan Mohan Malviya
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- Lal, Bal, and Pal’s neo-nationalist group were disappointed by Congress’s first moderate plans.
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a leader of this new belief, and he was more extreme than moderate.
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21. Who among the following leaders was a supporter of ‘Swadeshi’?
(a) Aurobindo Ghosh
(b) Feroz Shah Mehta
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji
(d) Subhash Chandra Bose
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (a) Aurobindo Ghosh
- Aurobindo Ghosh was the leader of the Swadeshi Movement in 1905, which was created in response to the partition of Bengal.
- Other prominent figures in this movement were Lala Lajpat Rai from Punjab, Bal Gangadhar Tilak from Maharashtra, and Bipin Chandra Pal from Bengal
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22. Who among the following is known as the father of ‘Indian Unrest’–
(a) A. O. Hume
(b) Dadabhai Naoroji
(c) Lokmanya Tilak
(d) Mahatma Gandhi
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (c) Lokmanya Tilak
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak was dedicated to helping others and was willing to stand up to the British Empire.
- His work helped the Indian National Congress become a political force that opposed British policies instead of supporting them.
- Valentine Chirol called Tilak the “father of Indian unrest”.
- Tilak went to England to sue Chirol, but he lost the case.
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23. Who called Bal Gangadhar Tilak the ‘Father of Indian Unrest’?
(a) Lord Curzon
(b) Vincent Smith
(c) Valentine Chirol
(d) Henry Cotton
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) Valentine Chirol
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak supported service and selflessness.
- He was brave enough to defy the British Empire.
- Because of his work, the Indian National Congress began to criticize British policies instead of praising them.
- Valentine Chirol famously labeled Tilak as the “father of Indian unrest”.
- Tilak traveled to England to take legal action against Chirol but was unsuccessful.
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24. Who said, “Tilak is the Father of Indian Unrest”?
(a) V. Chirol
(b) Louis Fischer
(c) Web Miller
(d) Lord Reading
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) V. Chirol
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak was devoted to helping others and was brave enough to oppose the British Empire.
- Thanks to his hard work, the Indian National Congress started to criticize the British instead of praising them.
- Valentine Chirol called Tilak the creator of Indian unrest.
- Tilak went to England to sue Chirol, but he lost the case.
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25. Who among the following has been called the ‘Father of Indian Unrest’?
(a) B.G. Tilak
(b) G.K. Gokhale
(c) Subhash Chandra Bose
(d) Mahatma Gandhi
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (a) B.G. Tilak
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a believer in service and sacrifice.
- He had the courage to stand up to the British Empire.
- His hard work led to the Indian National Congress being a party of resistance against British policies instead of supporting them.
- Valentine Chirol called B.G. Tilak the “Father of Indian Unrest.
- ” Tilak traveled to England to sue Chirol for defamation but lost.
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26. After the sentence of B.G. Tilak, who among the following had pleaded for mercy and said: “My interest in Tilak is that of a Sanskrit scholar”?
(a) Rabindranath Tagore
(b) Max Muller
(c) Bipin Chandra Pal
(d) William Jones
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (b) Max Muller
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a strong believer in the idea of “Swadeshi” and was part of an extreme group that was against British rule.
- He started two newspapers, an English one called ‘Maratha’ and a Marathi one called ‘Kesari’.
- Both of these papers expressed extreme nationalist ideas, which got Tilak into trouble with the law.
- Max Muller, a well-known Sanskrit scholar, asked the Government to show mercy towards Tilak because he was interested in him.
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27. Which extremist leader of the freedom movement was given 6 years of jail punishment in 1908?
(a) Bipin Chandra Pal
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai
(d) Arvind Ghosh
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- In 1908, Bal Gangadhar Tilak was given a sentence of six years in jail for writing seditious articles in his newspaper ‘The Kesari’.
- He was sent to the Mandalay Fortress in Burma along with Lala Lajpat Rai and other people.
- In response to this sentence, the laborers of Bombay cloth mill held the first political strike in Bombay.
- While in Mandalay Jail, Tilak wrote the book ‘Gita Rahasya’.
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28. In 1908, Bal Gangadhar Tilak was imprisoned for –
(a) 5 years
(b) 6 years
(c) 7 years
(d) 8 years
[43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) 6 years
- In 1908, Tilak was given a six-year jail term for publishing some rebellious pieces in his weekly publication ‘The Kesari’. Lala Lajpat Rai and others were also sent to Mandalay Fortress.
- To show their disagreement with this sentence, the workers of Bombay Cloth Mill started the first political strike in Bombay.
- During his time in Mandalay Jail, Tilak wrote the book ‘Gita Rahasya’.
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29. Which one of the following defines extremist ideology during the early phase of the Indian freedom movement?
(a) Stimulating the production of indigenous articles by giving them preference over imported commodities.
(b) Obtaining self-government by aggressive means in place of petitions and constitutional ways.
(c) Providing national education according to the requirements of the country.
(d) Organizing coups against the British empire through military revolt.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (b) Obtaining self-government by aggressive means in place of petitions and constitutional ways.
- Moderates wanted to use the rules of British Law and sent representatives to London to talk.
- Extremists wanted independence from foreign control and used aggressive protests and self-sacrifices to achieve this.
- Moderates wanted self-governance under colonial rule, while extremists wanted complete freedom.
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30. The Indian Muslims, in general, were not attracted to the extremist movement because of the:
(a) influence of Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan
(b) the anti-Muslim attitude of extremist leaders
(c) the indifference shown to Muslim aspirations
(d) extremists’ policy of harping on the Hindu part
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (d) extremists’ policy of harping on the Hindu part
- Most Indian Muslims did not support the extremist movement because of its focus on Hinduism.
- Aurobindo Ghosh said that achieving independence was the goal of everyone’s life and that Hinduism was the only way to achieve it.
- He also said that nationality is a religion given by God.
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31. Assertion (A) : Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a communalist.
Reason (R): He used religion as a political weapon.
Select your answer by using the codes given below :
(a) A and R both are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) A and R both are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct, but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong, but R is correct.
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (d) A is wrong, but R is correct.
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a very patriotic Indian who pushed for ‘Swaraj’ (independence) for all Indians.
- His views inspired Gandhi’s work.
- He started two festivals in Maharashtra, ‘Ganapati Parva’ and ‘Shivaji Mahotsava’ to encourage national pride.
- He did use religion as a political tool, but it wasn’t for any kind of religious bias.
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32. Bal Gangadhar Tilak came to be known as ‘Lokmanya Tilak’ when –
(a) he became a popular teacher
(b) he started a popular newspaper
(c) the government accused him in the Rand Murder Case
(d) he started the Shivaji and Ganpati festivals
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
- The British government charged Bal Gangadhar Tilak, an assistant collector, with the killing of Rand.
- He was found guilty and given a tough jail sentence of 18 months.
- After his release, he was seen as a heroic figure and was given the title of ‘Lokmanya’ Tilak.
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33. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was given the epithet of Lokmanya during :
(a) Swadeshi Movement
(b) Revolutionary Movement
(c) Home Rule Movement
(d) Quit India Movement
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (b) Revolutionary Movement
- The British government accused Bal Gangadhar Tilak, an assistant collector, of the Rand murder case.
- Tilak was found guilty and sent to prison for 18 months.
- When he was released, he became a national hero and was given the name ‘Lokmanya’ Tilak.
- This was due to many events.
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34. Ganpati festival in Maharashtra was started by :
(a) B.G.Tilak
(b) M.G. Ranade
(c) Bipin Chandra Pal
(d) Aurobindo Ghosh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (a) B.G.Tilak
- The British government arrested Bal Gangadhar Tilak, an assistant collector, for the Rand murder case and he was convicted and sent to prison for 18 months.
- When he was released, he had become a hero in the nation, resulting in him earning the title of ‘Lokmanya’ Tilak.
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35. Who among the following transformed the traditional Ganapati festival of Maharashtra into a national festival and gave it a political character?
(a) Ramdas
(b) Shivaji
(c) Mahadev Govind Ranade
(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- The British government charged Bal Gangadhar Tilak, who was an assistant collector, with the Rand murder case.
- He was found guilty and given a sentence of 18 months in prison.
- When he was released from jail, he was already highly respected in India, which is why he became known as ‘Lokmanya’ Tilak.
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36. Along with Mahatma Gandhi who amongst the following Muslims did lift the bier of Bal Gangadhar Tilak?
(a) Shaukat Ali
(b) Mohammad Ali
(c) Maulana A.K. Azad
(d) M.A. Ansari
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (a) Shaukat Ali
- Shaukat Ali, Dr. Saifuddin Kichalu, and Mahatma Gandhi picked up the body of Bal Gangadhar Tilak after he passed away on August 1st, 1920, and Maulana Hasrat Mohani said a tribute afterward.
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