85. Regarding ‘DigiLocker’, sometimes seen in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It is a digital locker system offered by the Government under the Digital India Programme.
2. It allows you to access your e-documents irrespective of your physical location.
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) Both 1 and 2
- DigiLocker, launched in 2015, is a prominent initiative of the Ministry of Electronics & IT (MeitY) as part of the ‘Digital India’ program.
- Its primary objective is to enable the ‘Digital Empowerment’ of citizens by granting them access to genuine digital documents through a digital document wallet
- The documents issued through the DigiLocker system hold the same validity as their original physical counterparts.
- This platform enables users to access their electronic documents from anywhere, regardless of their physical location.
|
86. Which of the following online portals has been launched by the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India for small traders?
(a) e-traders
(b) e-Lala
(c) e-urban
(d) e-urban-dev
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (b) e-Lala
- The Ministry of Urban Development launched e-lala in November 2015, which is an e-commerce portal created by the Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT).
- The purpose of e-lala is to help small businesses and traders make business-to-business and trader-to-customer transactions within a city.
|
87. SEMFEX scheme has been introduced by :
(a) RAJSICO
(b) RFC
(c) RIICO
(d) RSMDC
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) RFC
- The Ministry of Defence created the SEMFEX Scheme to give loans to former military personnel.
- In Rajasthan, loans under this scheme are provided by Rajasthan Financial Corporation (RFC).
|
88. Which one of the following Union Ministries is implementing the Biodiesel Mission (As Nodal Ministry)?
(a) Ministry of Agriculture
(b) Ministry of Science and Technology
(c) Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
(d) Ministry of Rural Development
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (d) Ministry of Rural Development
- The Ministry of Rural Development is responsible for the Biodiesel Mission.
- Tests to make Biodiesel from Jatropha seeds were done in Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh, among other places.
|
89. Which one of the following companies has started a rural marketing network called ‘e-couples’?
(a) ITC
(b) Dabur
(c) Procter and Gamble
(d) Hindustan Unilever
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (a) ITC
- In 2000, India Tobacco Company (ITC) launched e-Choupal – a supply chain with the purpose of providing long-term value to its customers.
- It is now the biggest online platform for rural India.
- ITC made sure to involve farmers in the planning and running of the e-Choupal initiative.
- ITC is a leading private sector business in India, specializing in FMCG, Hotels, Packaging, Paperboards, Specialty papers, Agri & IT Businesses.
|
90. The Visa-on-Arrival Scheme (VoA) was started in the country in January 2010 on a pilot basis. Which of the following countries was not in this list in this year?
(a) Japan
(b) Philippines
(c) Finland
(d) Singapore
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (b) Philippines
- In 2010, the Visa on Arrival (VOA) program was started for citizens from Finland, Japan, Luxembourg, New Zealand, and Singapore.
- Later, in 2011, the VOA was extended to citizens from Cambodia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Laos, Indonesia, and Myanmar.
- To make it easier for foreign tourists to visit India, the government started the e-tourist visa scheme in 2014.
|
91. ‘Project Arrow’ is concerned with the modernization of which of the following?
(a) Airports
(b) Post Offices
(c) Road Transport
(d) Railways
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) Post Offices
- India Post started a Quality Improvement Project titled ‘Project Arrow’ in April 2008 in order to make India Post a more dynamic and responsive organization.
- This project is aimed at making the core operations of post offices better as well as improving the atmosphere in which postal transactions take place.
|
92. Project ARROW is related to:
(a) the welfare of old scheduled tribal men
(b) a wing of the Armed Forces
(c) a standard of quality of garments
(d) giving a new identity to post offices
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (d) giving a new identity to post offices
- India Post has started a Quality Improvement Program called ‘Project Arrow’ to make India Post a more active and responsive organization.
- This started in April 2008 and it focuses on making the post office operations and transactions better.
|
93. Bhakra-Nangal is a joint project of :
(a) Haryana-Punjab and Rajasthan
(b) Haryana-Punjab and Delhi
(c) Himachal Pradesh-Haryana and Punjab
(a) Punjab-Delhi and Rajasthan
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (a) Haryana-Punjab and Rajasthan
- Bhakra-Nangal is a joint project of three Indian states, Haryana, Punjab and Rajasthan.
- It is a very significant multipurpose project, named after the two dams built on the Satluj river – Bhakra and Nangal.
- The Central Water Commission of the Indian Government has ranked India as the third largest dam builder after the USA and China.
|
94. India’s first textile university will be set up in which of the following States?
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Bihar
(c) Gujarat
(d) Odisha
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) Gujarat
- In 2016, the Gujarat government said they would be investing around 800 to 900 crore rupees to create India’s first university dedicated to textiles in Surat, Gujarat.
|
95. Two statements are given below, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Assertion (A): The emergence of economic globalism does not imply the decline of socialist ideology. Reason (R): The ideology of socialism believes in universalism and globalism.
In the context of the above two statements, which one of the following is correct?
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false (d) A is false, but R is true
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (c) A is true, but R is false
- Socialism is a variety of economic and social structures that involve the shared ownership of resources and control of production by the people.
- Capitalism promotes the idea of worldwide unity and globalism, but this does not mean that socialism is dying out.
- The statement is correct, but the reason is not.
|
96. Which one of the following is not taken as a factor among the non-economic factors, which contribute to economic growth?
(a) Human resource
(b) Corruption
(c) Social organization
(d) Market surplus in agriculture
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) Corruption
- Corruption is an obstacle to the economic development of a country, therefore it is not a cause of economic growth.
|
97. Which one of the following is not an example of economic infrastructure?
(a) Schools
(b) Sanitary facilities
(c) Coal mines
(d) Roads and Railways
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (c) Coal mines
- Coal mines are not part of the economic infrastructure, unlike schools, sanitation facilities, roads, and railways.
|
98. Super Bazar is :
(a) Whole-sale organization
(b) Retail-sale organization
(c) Consumer cooperative organization
(d) Superior quality and high-valued goods sale organization
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003]
Ans. (b) Retail-sale organization
- Supermarkets are big stores that customers can shop in without help from staff.
- They sell food like groceries, fruits and vegetables, meat, bread and dairy products, and sometimes other non-food items.
|
99. Who is the Father of ‘Modern Economics’?
(a) Adam Smith
(b) Marshall
(c) Keynes
(d) Robins
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) Adam Smith
- Adam Smith was a Scottish economist and philosopher.
- He is famously known as the creator of modern economics and the founder of capitalism.
|
100. Which one of the following sets of economists strongly favored a market economy?
(a) Adam Smith, Keynes, Hicks
(b) Adam Smith, Marx, Strumlin
(c) Adam Smith, Hayek, Friedman
(d) Adam Smith, Ricardo, J.K. Galbraith
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (d) Adam Smith, Ricardo, J.K. Galbraith
- Classical economics is a term used to describe the main school of economics thought from the 1700s and 1800s.
- Adam Smith is usually seen as the founder of classical economics.
- In his book, “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations” (1776), Smith suggested that free trade and competition could help a country’s economy grow.
- Other famous classical economists include David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill, Jean-Baptiste Say, and J.K. Galbraith.
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101. Who is the author of the book ‘Wealth of Nations’?
(a) Adam Smith
(b) David Ricardo
(c) J.M. Keynes
(d) Gunnar Myrdal
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (a) Adam Smith
- Adam Smith wrote the book “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations” (1776).
- It is an important work in the field of Classical Economics.
|
102. Name the Indian Economist who won the Leontif Award in 2009. Earlier this award had been won by persons such as J.K. Galbraith, Amartya Sen, and others.
(a) Dr. Manmohan Singh
(b) Shanta Sinha
(c) Shankar Acharya
(d) Bina Agarwal
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (d) Bina Agarwal
- Professor Bina Agarwal from India was given the Leontif Award in 2009 for her work in economics.
|
103. Which one of the following is not included in the country’s wealth?
(a) Mines
(b) Dams
(c) Money supply
(d) Cattle wealth
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (c) Money supply
- Money is not part of a country’s wealth among the choices available.
|
104. Who is the author of the book ‘The Accumulation of Capital’?
(a) Mrs. Joan Robinson
(b) Adam Smith
(c) Lord Maynard Keynes
(d) None of the above
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (a) Mrs. Joan Robinson
- Mrs. Joan Robinson wrote the book ‘The Accumulation of Capital’ which was released in 1956.
- In this book, she explained the foundational concepts needed for a comprehensive discussion of problems in a growing economy.
- Robinson also stated that imperialism is an outcome of a capitalist system that expands into poorer parts of the world.
|
105. The term ‘Prisoner’s Dilemma’ is associated with which one of the following?
(a) A technique in glass manufacture
(b) A term used in shipping industry
(c) A situation under the game theory
(d) Name of a supercomputer
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) A situation under the game theory
- The ‘Prisoner’s Dilemma’ is an example used in Game Theory, which looks at why two people would not work together even if it’s in their best interest.
- It shows that even if the two people make rational decisions, it still might not lead to the best outcome for them both.
- Game Theory is a part of economics.
|
106. Who is the father of scientific management?
(a) Henry Fayol
(b) Elton Mayo
(c) Cheston Bernard
(d) F.W. Taylor
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (d) F.W. Taylor
- Frederick W. Taylor is well-known for creating the idea of scientific management, or “Taylorism”.
- In 1911, he published a book called “The Principles of Scientific Management”, which is still highly regarded as one of the most important books about management in the 20th century.
- Taylor believed that it was the job of plant managers to figure out the best way for workers to do their job and to give them the tools and training they needed.
|
107. One common agreement between Gandhism and Marxism is :
(a) the final goal of a stateless society
(b) class struggle
(c) abolition of private property
(d) economic determinism
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (a) the final goal of a stateless society
- Mahatma Gandhi and Karl Marx had a lot in common.
- They both wanted to create a stateless and classless society, but their approaches were different.
- Marx believed it was a historical requirement and didn’t rely on anyone’s morality or class.
- Gandhi also wanted a society free of political power, but he thought it was something mankind was striving for.
- He wanted to do it without violence, whereas Marx wanted to do it with violence.
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108. The theory of trusteeship of business assets was pronounced by :
(a) Henry Fayol
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(d) Karl Marx
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (b) Mahatma Gandhi
- Mahatma Gandhi proposed the idea of trusteeship of business assets.
- This is a way of managing companies that lies between Capitalism and Marxism.
- The idea is that all the company’s resources should be held by a ‘trust’ and used for the betterment of society.
|
109. The Gandhian economy is based on the principle of :
(a) Competition
(b) Trusteeship
(c) State Control
(d) None of these
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) Trusteeship
- Gandhian economy is based on the idea of having wealthy people act as trustees of a trust that looks after everyone’s well-being.
- This social and economic philosophy is meant to make sure everyone is treated fairly.
|
110. Who among the following had propounded the concept of ‘Trusteeship’ ?
(a) M.N. Roy
(b) Aurobindo Ghosh
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) G.K. Gokhale
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (c) Mahatma Gandhi
- Gandhi’s economic philosophy was based on the idea of trusteeship.
- This was a way to make sure everyone in society was treated fairly.
- Rich people would be given the responsibility to manage resources so that everyone could benefit.
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111. Consider the following statements :
1. The Gandhian Economy is based on the principle of trusteeship.
2. The Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 is included in the Ninth Schedule.
3. The 60th Constitutional Amendment reduced the voting age of citizens in India from 21 years to 18 years.
4. In 1982, ‘Shetkari Sangthan’ was organized by Medha Patekar. Of these statements :
(a) Only 1 and 2 are correct.
(b) Only 2 and 3 are correct.
(c) Only 3 and 4 are correct.
(d) All are correct.
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) Only 1 and 2 are correct.
- Gandhi’s economic ideas are based on the idea of trusteeship.
- The 1950 Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act is in the Ninth Schedule, which is a list of laws from both the Central and State Governments that cannot be challenged in court.
- The 1988 61st Constitutional Amendment Act made it so 18-year-olds could vote in Lok Sabha and State Assembly elections, instead of 21-year-olds.
- Sharad Joshi organized ‘Shetkari Sangthan’ in 1979, which means statements 3 and 4 are wrong.
|
112. Consider the following statements :
1. The Standard Mark of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is mandatory for automotive tyres and tubes.
2. AGMARK is a quality Certification Mark issued by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (a) 1 only
- Starting from 18 May 2010, every type of car tyre and tube must have a BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) certificate.
- This makes statement 1 correct.
- AGMARK is a certification mark to make sure that agricultural produce follows standards set by the DMI (Directorate of Marketing and Inspection).
- But it is not given by the FAO, which makes statement 2 incorrect.
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113. ISO 14001 is :
(a) an international spy network to watch nuclear explosions in any part of the world
(b) a Pakistani network that organizes terrorist activities in India
(c) an international certificate issued to industrial units for having established a Pollution Control System
(d) a certificate issued by the Government regarding the quality of a product
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (c) an international certificate issued to industrial units for having established Pollution Control System
- ISO 14001 is a global certification given to companies that have created systems to reduce pollution.
- It is a group of rules that help businesses lower the negative impact their activities have on the environment.
- It helps make the environment better.
|
114. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding Smart India Hackathon 2017?
1. It is a centrally sponsored scheme for developing every city in our country into Smart Cities in a decade.
2. It is an initiative to identify new digital technology innovations for solving the many problems faced by our country.
3. It is a program aimed at making all the financial transactions in our country completely digital in a decade.
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (b) 2 only
- The ‘Smart India Hackathon 2017’ was created to create the Digital India of our dreams and involve young people in nation-building.
- It was designed as a digital product development contest, where teams of thousands of tech students created digital solutions to the issues posted by various central government organizations.
- This competition is held every year to give students a chance to tackle some of the problems we face every day, and develop a culture of product innovation and a problem-solving mentality.
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115. With reference to the ‘Prohibition of Benami Property Transactions Act, 1988 (PBPT Act)’, consider the following statements :
1. A property transaction is not treated as a benami transaction if the owner of the property is not aware of the transaction.
2. Properties held benami are liable for confiscation by the Government.
3. The Act provides for three authorities for investigations but does not provide for any appellate mechanism.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (b) 2 only
- The Prohibition of Benami Property Transactions Act from 1988 (updated in 2016) says that any property transaction where the owner does not know or denies the ownership of it is considered benami.
- The government can take these properties without paying anything for them.
- The Act also has an appeal process where people can challenge the decision.
- So, statement 2 is correct according to this Act.
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116. The first Indian State to start a State Data Centre (SDC) is :
(a) Telangana
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Chhattisgarh
(d) Himachal Pradesh
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (d) Himachal Pradesh
- In June 2016, Himachal Pradesh became the first Indian state to have a State Data Centre (SDC).
- The SDC was built using green data center technology and it provides over 100 services to the public online through a connected database.
|
117. Match the following :
| List-I (Year) |
List-II (Committee) |
| 1. 1949-51 |
A. Local Finance Enquiry Committee |
| 2. 1953-54 |
B. Taxation Enquiry Commission |
| 3. 1963-66 |
C. Rural-Urban Relationship Committee |
| 4. 1985-88 |
D. National Commission on Urbanization |
Codes: 1 2 3 4
(a) A B C D
(b) B C D A
(c) C D A B
(d) D C B A
[J.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) A B C D
| The correctly matched lists are as follows : |
| Year |
Committee |
| 1949-51 |
Local Finance Enquiry Committee |
| 1953-54 |
Taxation Enquiry Commission |
| 1963-66 |
Rural-Urban Relationship Committee |
| 1985-88 |
National Commission on Urbanization |
|
118. Match List-I and List-II and select the correct answer :
| List-I |
List-II |
| A. Chakravarty |
(i) Tax Reforms Committee |
| B. Narasimham |
(ii) Poverty Estimation Committee |
| C. Tendulkar |
(iii) Banking Sector Reforms Committee |
| D. Chelliah |
(iv) Financial Sector Reforms Committee |
Codes: A B C D
(a) iii ii i iv
(b) iv i iii ii
(c) ii iii iv i
(d) iii iv ii I
[J.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (*)
| The correctly matched lists are as follows : |
| Chakravarty Committee |
Financial Sector Reforms |
| Narasimham Committee |
Banking Sector Reforms |
| Tendulkar Committee |
Poverty Estimation |
| Chelliah Committee |
Tax Reforms |
|
119. The web portal ‘DACNET’ is related to :
(a) e-Agriculture
(b) e-Commerce
(c) e-Business
(d) e-Logistics
[J.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) e-Agriculture
- DACNET is a website related to e-Agriculture.
- This is a project created by the Department of Agriculture and Cooperation to give people access to online agriculture services.
- It is being handled by the National Informatics Centre.
|
120. World’s first country to have a cashless economy :
(a) Canada
(b) Sweden
(c) France
(d) Belgium
[J.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Sweden
- Out of all the choices, Sweden is the first country to have an economy that runs completely without cash.
|
121. According to the Rural Cleanliness Survey, which State is at the top of the ladder as far as cleanliness is concerned?
(a) Jharkhand
(b) Sikkim
(c) Kerala
(d) Telangana
[J.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Sikkim
- Option (b) was the right answer in the question period.
- The top 3 states in the Swachh Survekshan Grameen 2019 are Tamil Nadu, Haryana, and Gujarat.
- The top 3 districts are Peddapalli in Telangana, Faridabad in Haryana, and Rewari in (Haryana).
- State with maximum citizen participation: Uttar Pradesh.
|
122. Which one of the following statements is not correct?
(a) ‘Golden Hand Shake Scheme’ relates to voluntary retirement.
(b) The real ownership of a joint stock company remains with the shareholders.
(c) According to the Human Development Report, 2010 in India, the mean year of schooling and expected year of schooling respectively are 4.4 and 10.3.
(d) In the context of India’s Population Projection, the concept of ‘Age-quake’ is related to the Child Age population.
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (d) In the context of India’s Population Projection, the concept ‘Age-quake’ is related to Child Age population.
- Paul Wallace came up with the term “Age-quake” to describe the effect of an aging population on the world.
- It does not have anything to do with the age of children.
- This statement is true.
|
123. Drishti 2025, is related to :
(a) Stablization of Population
(b) Industrial Development
(c) Increase in Food Production
(d) Global Warming
[Uttarakhand U.D. A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) Increase in Food Production
- Drishti 2025 is about making more food.
|
124. The term ‘Intended Nationally Determined Contributions’ is sometimes seen in the news in the context of :
(a) Pledges made by the European countries to rehabilitate refugees from the war-affected Middle East
(b) Plan of action outlined by the countries of the world to combat climate change
(c) Capital contribution by the member countries in the establishment of Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
(d) Plan of action outlined by the countries of the world regarding Sustainable Development Goals
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Plan of action outlined by the countries of the world to combat climate change
- Countries around the world have made a plan of action to help fight climate change, known as Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs).
- This plan includes goals for mitigation and adaptation that each country has committed to, and will become a Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) once a country agrees to the Paris Agreement.
- INDCs are part of the Paris Agreement, an international treaty on climate change that was signed by 196 countries in 2015 and entered into effect in 2016.
- The goal of the agreement is to limit global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels.
- India has submitted its INDC to UNFCCC and has pledged to reduce emissions intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35 percent by 2030.
|
125. Consider the following statements :
1. As per law, the Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority exists at both National and State levels.
2. People’s participation is mandatory in the compensatory afforestation programs carried out under the Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act, of 2016.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) 1 only
- The CAMPA has been set up at the national and state levels to make sure the money received for using forest land for something other than a forest is used quickly and openly.
- Statement 1 is true.
- People do not have to be involved in the compensatory afforestation programmes under the Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act, 2016.
- This means Statement 2 is false.
|
126. In India, ‘extended producer responsibility’ was introduced as an important feature in which of the following?
(a) The Bio-medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998
(b) The Recycled Plastic (Manufacturing and Usage) Rules, 1999
(c) The e-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011
(d) The Food Safety and Standard Regulation, 2011
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (c) The e-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011
- Producers have a big responsibility (financial or physical) for dealing with products that consumers no longer use.
- This idea, called Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), was introduced in India to help reduce and recycle e-waste.
- The Central Pollution Control Board has been given the authority to do this, instead of the State Pollution Control Boards.
|
127. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) shows the relationship between per capita GDP and environmental loss. What is the shape of the Environmental Kuznets Curve?
(a) Inverted ‘U’ shaped
(b) Inverted ‘V’ shaped
(c) Inverted ‘L’ shaped
(d) None of these
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) Inverted ‘U’ shaped
- The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) illustrates the link between a country’s average income and environmental damage.
- It shows that when a country first starts to become more economically developed, its environment will usually suffer, but after a certain level of growth, it will start to take steps to improve its environment and reduce pollution.
- This is shown as an “inverted U” shape on the curve, which generally suggests that economic growth is the answer to environmental degradation.
|
128. In international policy processes, which of the following is not a specific achievement with which women’s empowerment is implicitly equated with
(a) Political Participation
(b) Legal Reform
(c) Strategic Choices
(d) Economic Security
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (c) Strategic Choices
- In international policy, making strategic choices is not the same as empowering women.
- Strategic choice theory is a way of understanding how leaders or groups of leaders can shape an organization by making decisions in a changing political situation.
- Political participation, legal reform, and economic security can help to empower women.
|
129. Assertion (A): Lehman Brothers (an investment banking company in the US) filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in September 2008. Reasons (R): Sub-prime lending was one of the main causes of the financial crisis.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
- In 2007, a problem in the U.S. mortgage market started a big financial crisis that spread all around the world and caused an economic recession.
- After the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008, the financial world changed a lot.
|
130. Consider the following statements and state which is/are correct.
1. The sub-prime crisis that hit the U.S. economy was caused by a sudden increase in oil prices.
2. The crisis led to default in home loan repayment.
3. It led to the failure of some U.S. banks.
4. Sub-prime crisis caused a crash in the Indian Stock Market.
Choose your answer from given codes: Codes :
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) 2, 3 and 4 only
- The sub-prime crisis in the U.S. was caused by a downturn in the country’s real estate market.
- Therefore, Statement 1 is wrong. Statements 2, 3, and 4 are all correct regarding the subprime crisis.
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131. The amount of highest household waste per capita per year is produced in the world by :
(a) Australia
(b) Denmark
(c) Ireland (d) USA
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (d) USA
- In 2018, the United States and Canada were amongst the countries with the most garbage disposed of per person, with Americans throwing out an average of 2.58 kilograms per day and Canadians throwing out 2.33 kilograms per day.
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132. The approximate percentage of the world water resources available in India is :
(a) 4
(b) 1.5
(c) 11
(d) 7.9
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2007]
Ans. (a) 4
- Around 4% of the world’s water is in India.
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133. In the development of hydroelectric power, the pioneering State in India is :
(a) Himachal Pradesh
(b) Karnataka
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Uttar Pradesh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (d) Uttar Pradesh
- Uttar Pradesh was the first state in India to develop hydroelectric power.
- On 9 November 2000, after Uttarakhand split from Uttar Pradesh, all the major hydroelectric power projects were given to Uttarakhand.
- Therefore, Uttarakhand is now the leader in hydroelectric power in India.
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134. In relation to the total atomic energy production in the World, the production in India comes to only :
(a) 0.1%
(b) 1%
(c) 2%
(d) 3%
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (c) 2%
- According to the March 2022 data, the world generated 2553 TWh of nuclear power in 2020, which was lower than the 2657 TWh generated in 2019.
- India produced 43 TWh of nuclear power in 2020-21, making up about 1.7% of the world’s total nuclear power generation.
- This also represents 1.7% of India’s total electricity generation.
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135. Arrange the following States of India in descending order of their gross electricity generated :
1. Gujarat
2. Maharashtra
3. Tamil Nadu
4. Uttar Pradesh
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Codes:
(a) 4, 1, 2, 3
(b) 2, 1, 4, 3
(c) 2, 4, 3, 1
(d) 1, 2, 4, 3
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (c) 2, 4, 3, 1
- The most up-to-date information on the National Power Portal shows that option (c) is the right answer.
- In 2021-22 (April to March), the total electricity generation in the mentioned states is as follows: State Total Electricity Generation (GWh).
- Maharashtra 137315.1
- Gujarat 63110.3
- Tamil Nadu 82000.7
- Uttar Pradesh 136816.8
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136. At present, per capita annual consumption of electricity in India is about :
(a) 150 KWh
(b) 250 KWh
(c) 350 KWh
(d) 500 KWh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (d) 500 KWh
- In 1935, India was producing 369.8 billion KWh (BU) of electricity.
- This amount increased to 470 billion KWh (BU) in 1999. By 2021-22, the total electricity production was 1320.9 billion KWh (BU).
- In 1998, the average person used 500 KWh (BU) of electricity per year. According to the Ministry of Power, this number increased to 1208 KWh (BU) in 2019-20.
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137. In August 2006, the Government of India notified the Rural Electrification Policy. This Policy aims at the provision of access to all households by which year?
(a) 2008
(b) 2009
(c) 2010
(d) 2012
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) 2009
- On August 23, 2006, the Indian government announced the Rural Electrification Policy.
- The main goals were to provide electricity to all homes by 2009, provide good quality and reliable power at reasonable rates, and give each home at least 1 unit of electricity per day by 2012.
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138. According to the Union Budget 2006-07, the Government aimed to raise the power generation capacity by 15,000 MWs by :
(a) March 2007
(b) March 2008
(c) March 2009
(d) March 2010
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]
Ans. (a) March 2007
- Sector Installed Capacity (MW) Percentage (%)
- a. State sector: 105,325.98 MW, accounting for 26.6%.
- b. Central sector: 98,326.93 MW, accounting for 24.9%.
- c. Private sector: 191,954.96 MW, accounting for 48.5%.
- Total: 395,607.86 MW, accounting for 100.0%.
- Fuel Installed Capacity (MW) Percentage (%)
- Thermal: 235,928.72 MW, accounting for 59.6%.
- Coal: 210,519.50 MW, accounting for 53.2%.
- Lignite: 0.00 MW, accounting for 0.0%.
- Gas: 24,899.51 MW, accounting for 6.3%.
- Diesel: 509.71 MW, accounting for 0.1%.
- Hydro: 46,524.52 MW, accounting for 11.8%.
- Nuclear: 6,780.00 MW, accounting for 1.7%.
- RES (MNRE): 106,374.63 MW, accounting for 26.9%.
- Total: 395,607.86 MW, accounting for 100.0%.
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139. What has been the approximate share of renewable energy out of the total generation capacity in the energy sector of India as of Dec. 2011?
(a) 11 %
(b) 8 %
(c) 5 %
(d) 2 %
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (a) 11 %
- In 2011, renewable energy accounted for around 11% of India’s total energy generation capacity.
- The most recent data suggests that renewable energy capacity in India has grown to 106,374.63 MW, which is 26.9% of the total capacity in 2022.
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140. Which of the following is not the objective of the current National Electricity Policy?
(a) Access to electricity available for all households in the next five years
(b) Fulfill the electric power demand by 2012
(c) Protection of consumer’s interest
(d) Reduce the per unit price of electricity
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]
Ans. (d) Reduce the per unit price of electricity
- The National Electricity Policy (NEP) 2002-07 did not focus on lowering the cost of electricity, but it did cover three other goals.
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141. Which of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Primary Energy – Tidal Power
(b) Commercial Energy – Oil and Gas
(c) Non-Commercial Energy – Animal Dung
(d) Non-Conventional Energy – Solar Energy
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (a) Primary Energy – Tidal Power
- Primary energy refers to energy found in nature before it is changed or altered by humans.
- This includes energy from raw fuels, waste, coal, oil, sunlight, wind, rivers, plants, and uranium.
- Tides are a type of primary energy, but when used to create power, it is considered secondary energy, which is created by people.
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142. Consider the following statements. Regional disparities in India are high and have been rising in recent years because:
1. there is a persistent investment over time only in select locales.
2. Some areas are agro-climatically less conducive to development.
3. Some areas continue to face little or no agrarian transformation and the consequent lack of social and economic opportunities.
4. Some areas have faced continuous political instability.
Which of the above statements is correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 1, 2 and 4
(c) 1, 3 and 4
(d) 2, 3 and 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (a) 1, 2 and 3
- There are some places in India that are more developed than others, and there are differences in the progress of different parts of each state.
- Punjab, Maharashtra, Haryana, Gujarat, West Bengal, Kerala and Tamil Nadu are more developed, while Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Odisha and Bihar are less developed.
- The main causes of this regional disparity are Statements 1, 2, and 3.
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143. The East-West corridor of the Golden Quadrilateral connects which of the following centers (nodes)?
(a) Silchar and Porbander
(b) Guwahati and Ahmedabad
(c) Kandla and Tinsukia
(d) Itanagar and Jamnagar
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) Silchar and Porbander
- The Silchar-Porbander corridor forms the East-West connection, while the Srinagar-Kanyakumari corridor forms the North-South connection.
- Jhansi serves as the junction connecting the North-South and East-West corridors.
- The Golden Quadrilateral links four significant metro cities in India, namely Delhi in the North, Kolkata in the East, Mumbai in the West, and Chennai in the South.
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144. In which of the following States, India’s first Railway line has been made under the public-private partnership model?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Maharashtra
(d) Gujarat
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (d) Gujarat
- On 14th July 2015, India’s inaugural Broad-gauge railway line established through the public-private partnership model was unveiled in Gujarat.
- This railway line serves as a vital connection between Tuna Tekra Port and Gandhidham, and it was dedicated to the nation.
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145. The cities which are included in the ‘Golden Triangle’ of Indian Tourism are :
(a) Agra, Delhi and Jaipur
(b) Mathura, Agra and Gwalior
(c) Agra, Kanpur and Lucknow
(d) None of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) Agra, Delhi and Jaipur
- In India, the cities of Agra, Delhi, and Jaipur form a ‘Golden Triangle’, which is a popular tourist route.
- This triangle is named because of the shape it makes on a map.
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146. More than one-third of the crude steel production of the world comes from :
(a) China
(b) Japan
(c) Russia
(d) U.S.A.
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (a) China
- Based on the specified time frame, it was observed that China accounted for over one-third of the world’s crude steel production.
- According to the World Steel Association’s 2021 Report, China’s contribution to global crude steel production in 2020 was approximately 56.7%, equivalent to 1064.8 million tonnes out of the total production of 1877.5 million tonnes.
- On the other hand, India, which holds the second position after China, produced 100.3 million tonnes of crude steel in 2020, accounting for 5.3% of the global steel production.
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147. The Kamaiya system is :
(a) an arrangement of canals that cover unirrigated areas in Nepal
(b) a system of bonded labor in Nepal that continues from generation to generation
(c) a system of contract labor in Assam prevalent in tea gardens
(d) a system of labor on seaports to load and unload goods
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) a system of bonded labor in Nepal that continues from generation to generation
- In Nepal, the Kamaiya system was a type of labor that involved people being bound to their jobs.
- There were protests against this practice in 2000 and 2006, and it became officially illegal in 2013.
- However, the NYF reported in 2017 that still hundreds of girls were stuck in conditions like slavery, many in the homes of powerful people such as politicians and business owners.
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148. Which of the following statements is not correct?
(a) India was a colony of Britain till 1947.
(b) The Indian economy stagnated during the British period.
(c) India was a supplier of manufacturing goods during British rule.
(d) India was the supplier of raw materials during British rule.
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (c) India was a supplier of manufacturing goods during British rule.
- India was controlled by Britain until 1947.
- In 1757, the East India Company won a battle and started ruling over Bengal.
- The economy in India did not grow while it was under British rule. British products were allowed in India freely and Indian crafts had to compete against these machine-made products, leading to the decline of Indian crafts.
- India was only able to sell raw materials to Britain.
- R.C. Dutt later said in 1901 that the British government wanted to replace Indian manufacturers with British ones, even if it meant hurting the Indian industry.
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149. Which one of the following statements about Arthashastra is not true?
(a) It prescribes the duty of a king.
(b) It describes the economic life of the country.
(c) It lays down the principles of politics.
(d) It highlights the need for financial reforms.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (b) It describes the economic life of the country.
- The Arthashastra is an old Indian Sanskrit book about governing, economics, and warfare. Kautilya, also known as Vishnugupta and Chanakya, is usually believed to be the author.
- It does not tell us about the economy in India at the time.
- All three of the other statements are correct.
|
150. In how many adhikarnas is the Kautilya Arthashastra divided?
(a) 11
(b) 12
(c) 14
(d) 15
[48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (d) 15
- The Kautilya Arthashastra is structured into 15 adhikarans or chapters.
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151. What is the meaning of ‘Athavana’?
(a) Revenue department
(b) Revenue
(c) Import Tax
(d) Trade Tax
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (a) Revenue department
- The Athavana was the Department of Revenue in the Vijayanagar empire.
- This empire was successful because of its growth in agriculture, business, and trading.
- The government had a good plan for water supply, which helped as well.
- They also supported industries.
- Trading was done inside the country, along the coast, and even internationally.
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152. India is divided into how many PIN zones?
(a) 5
(b) 6
(c) 7
(d) 8
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (d) 8
- India has been split up into nine postcode zones.
- Eight of these zones relate to the states and territories of India, with the ninth being for military post offices.
- The correct answer is an option (d) based on the states and territories of India.
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153. Consider the following statements :
1. The number of post offices in India is in excess of 1.5 lakh.
2. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) was formed in the year 1997.
3. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was established in the year 2000.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 1 only
(d) 3 only
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (c) 1 only
- On March 31, 2003, there were 155,618 post offices in India. According to the Department of Posts, Ministry of Communications, the number of post offices in India has risen to 156,721 as of March 31, 2021.
- So, Statement 1 is correct.
- BSNL stands for Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, which is a 100% government-owned communications corporation and a public telecommunication service in India.
- It started operations on September 15, 2000, from its headquarters in New Delhi.
- So, Statement 2 is incorrect. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was formed in 1997.
- So, Statement 3 is also incorrect.
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154. Which bank has been presented with the ‘Asian Banking Award 2001’ for operational efficiency in treasury operations :
(a) Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI)
(b) Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI)
(c) HDFC
(d) SBI
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (a) Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI)
- IDBI was given the ‘Asian Banking Award 2001’ for being efficient in how it manages its treasury operations.
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155. In which State, India’s largest Naphtha Cracker Plant was inaugurated by the Union Petroleum Minister in February 2011?
(a) Andhra Pradesh
(b) Karnataka
(c) Haryana
(d) Odisha
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (c) Haryana
- In February 2011, the Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas in India opened the country’s biggest Naphtha Cracker Plant in the IOC’s Panipat Complex in Haryana.
- The plant cost 14,439 crore rupees.
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156. How much is one barrel of oil approximately?
(a) 131 litres
(b) 159 litres
(c) 179 litres
(d) 201 litres
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (b) 159 litres
- A barrel of oil is about 159 liters (or 42 US gallons).
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157. Weight of L.P.G. in Kilogram filled in Non-domestic gas cylinder is :
(a) 14.2
(b) 15.8
(c) 19.0
(d) 19.4
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (c) 19.0
- A Non-domestic Gas cylinder will contain 19.0 Kg of L.P.G., while a Domestic Cylinder will contain 14.2 Kg.
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158. The correct full form of PVR cinema is :
(a) Priya Village Road Show
(b) Priya Videos & Reviews
(c) Parvati Videos & Reviews
(d) Priyam Village & Road Show
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (a) Priya Village Road Show
- PVR stands for Priya Village Road Show and it is the biggest and best film and retail entertainment company in India.
- It all started when Priya Exhibitors Private Limited and Village Roadshow Limited joined forces in 1995, and they started doing business in June 1997.
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159. ‘AGMARK’ is related with :
(a) Processing
(b) Quality
(c) Packaging
(d) None of the above
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) Quality
- AGMARK is a type of label used on agricultural products that guarantees they meet certain standards.
- This label is enforced by a law called the Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act 1937.
- Although using the AGMARK label is usually voluntary, certain food items such as Blended Edible Vegetable Oil must have it.
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160. AGMARK is a :
(a) Co-operative society for egg production
(b) Co-operative society of farmers
(c) Regulated market for eggs
(d) A seal of quality guarantee
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (d) A seal of quality guarantee
- AGMARK is a certification mark used on agricultural products to guarantee their compliance with grade standards set by the Directorate of Marketing & Inspection, which operates under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
- The AGMARK certification is legally enforced by the Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act of 1937.
- Although the certification scheme is primarily voluntary, certain products such as Blended Edible Vegetable Oil are required to obtain mandatory AGMARK certification under the Food Safety and Standards (Prohibition and Restriction on Sales) Regulation of 2011.
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161. ‘Geographical Indication Tag’ for black pottery is associated with which of the following place in Uttar Pradesh?
(a) Najibabab
(b) Khurja
(c) Nizamabad
(d) Kasganj
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (c) Nizamabad
- In 2015, the GI (Geographical Indication) registry gave the GI tag to the black clay pottery of Nizamabad in the Azamgarh district of Uttar Pradesh.
- This pottery is notable for its dark, shiny exterior decorated with silver designs.
- The GI (Registration and Protection) Act was put into action in 2003 and it guards products that are related to a particular place or where they come from.
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162. ‘Eco mark’ is given to the Indian products that are :
(a) pure and unadulterated
(b) rich in proteins
(c) environment friendly
(d) economically viable
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (c) environment friendly
- The Government of India has created a program to label products that are friendly to the environment as ‘Eco mark’.
- This program is managed by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Products like soaps, detergents, paints, food, electronics, plastic, and textiles can all receive the ‘Eco mark’.
- BIS is a part of the Department of Consumer Affairs and is responsible for setting standards and certifying the quality of goods.
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163. Considering the geographical-environmental conditions and the culture of Rajasthan, which sector should naturally be given top-policy priority for long-term, sustainable, inclusive development?
(a)Tourism
(b) Animal Husbandry
(c)Mining
(d) Industry
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2007]
Ans. (a) Tourism
- Considering Rajasthan’s geography and environment, tourism should be a main focus of policy-making in order to have lasting, inclusive growth.
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164. At present, what is the main source of wealth in Bihar?
(a) Industry
(b) Agriculture
(c) Natural Resources
(d) Minerals
[48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Agriculture
- Farming is the most important way of making money in Bihar.
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165. The country in which a major controversy has erupted regarding outsourcing :
(a) France
(b) Germany
(c) Japan
(d) U.S.A.
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (d) U.S.A.
- Outsourcing refers to the business strategy of engaging external parties to carry out services and produce goods that were traditionally handled by the company’s internal employees and staff.
- The topic of outsourcing gained significant attention during the 2004 USA Presidential Election.
- The origins of this practice can be traced back to India in the year 2000.
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166. Now, Packaging has assumed importance, because :
(a) It provides protection to the products
(b) It makes the products attractive
(c) It increases credibility of the products
(d) It provides all the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (d) It provides all the above
- Packaging is now seen as important because it helps keep products safe, attractive, and trustworthy.
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167. After the merger of Air India and Indian Airlines, the New entity is now known as :
(a) Indian Airways
(b) Indian Airlines
(c) Air India
(d) Indo-Air
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (c) Air India
- After Air India and Indian Airlines merged, the new company was named Air India. J.R.D.
- Tata created the airline in 1932, and in October 2021, the Indian government sold Air India to the Tata Group for 18,000 crore rupees.
- This airline, which has been heavily in debt, is now owned by the same company that founded it almost 90 years ago.
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168. The ‘Transaction Fee’ which has been banned by a recent Supreme Court order from being realized from customers relates to :
(a) Sea journey
(b) Air journey
(c) Rail journey
(d) Road journey
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) Air journey
- In January 2013, the Supreme Court stopped airlines from charging passengers extra fees for flying.
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169. Universal Service Obligation Fund is concerned with :
(a) adjustment of liabilities of telecom companies
(b) adjustment of accounts of oil refining companies to maintain the same price
(c) the aid of people suffering from contagious diseases
(d) the aid in the time of natural disasters
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003]
Ans. (a) adjustment of liabilities of telecom companies
- The Universal Service Obligation Fund was created in 2002 to provide subsidies to make sure everyone in India, especially in rural and remote areas, can access telegraph services.
- It is a fund that cannot be used for anything else and requires approval from Parliament.
- It is legally supported by the Indian Telegraph (Amendment) Act of 2003.
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170. ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ is sometimes mentioned in the news in the context of the affairs of :
(a) African Union
(b) Brazil
(c) European Union
(d) China
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) China
- The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), formerly known as One Belt One Road (OBOR), is a strategy created by China in 2013 to invest in around 70 countries and international organizations.
- The ‘Belt’ part of the BRI refers to overland transportation routes through Central Asia, which are based on the historic Western Regions trade routes.
- The ‘Road’ part refers to the sea routes through Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.
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171. Yamuna Expressway runs between :
(a) Noida to Greater Noida
(b) Greater Noida to Agra
(c) Lucknow to Agra
(d) Agra to Allahabad
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (b) Greater Noida to Agra
- Yamuna Expressway, also called Taj Expressway, is a road that is 165 kilometers long with six lanes.
- It connects Greater Noida and Agra in Uttar Pradesh and is controlled by a special authority.
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