Maritime Transport in India – Old Year Questions

• Kochi Sea-port (Kerala) is a graceful natural harbour located at Malabar Coast which is used for the whole year.

• Tides are useful for sailing and fishing. High tides allow large ships to come in and out of the harbour safely.
• Tides stop the buildup of silt in the harbours. Kandla and Diamond harbours depend on the tides.

• Shipyards and dockyards are locations that repair and construct ships.
• Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) is one of the most important shipbuilding and maintenance facilities in India.
• This shipyard was established by the government on March 29th, 1972.
• They began making ships in 1978, repairing ships in 1981, providing Marine Engineering Training in 1993, and doing offshore upgrades in 1999.

• The correct match is as follows :

• Daman, Janjira and Ratnagiri are situated on India’s West Coast, and Karaikal is on the East Coast.

• Alang is a town in Gujarat’s Bhavnagar district. Over the past thirty years, its beaches have been transformed into the world’s largest ship breaking yard, which recycles about half of all salvaged ships.

• Jawaharlal Nehru Port, which is also known as Nhava Sheva Port, is located in Maharashtra.

• In 1989, the Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Nhava Sheva) was built to help reduce the strain on Mumbai Port.

• Kandla port is situated in a creek called Kandla, which is 90 km away from the end of the Gulf of Kutch. It is a well-sheltered harbor.

• Vishakhapatnam port is known for being the deepest landlocked and well-protected port.
• Chennai has a man-made harbor which is one of the oldest ports in India and the second biggest in the nation.

• The ports of Kandla (4.6 m), Cochin (12.8m), Paradip (17.1 m) and Marmagoa (14.4 m) have the lowest depths possible.
• It’s important to note that a port’s minimum depth is determined by its ability to host and operate bigger ships.
• Vishakhapatnam port is known for being the deepest landlocked and well-protected port, but this was removed from the final answer key of the commission.

• The Kandla Port is located in the Gulf of Kutch close to Gandhidham city in Kutch, Gujarat.
• It is India’s first Special Economic Zone and a major seaport.
• It is a natural port and one of the most profitable ports in India.

• Paradip port is situated 210 nautical miles south of Kolkata and 260 nautical miles North of Vishakhapatnam.
• It can accommodate vessels up to 60,000 DWT.
• The port started as a mono-commodity port intended mainly to cater to the export of iron ore from Odisha to Japan.
• Paradip port is developed for reducing the traffic of Kolkata & Vishakhapatnam ports.

• Paradip Port is a deep-water port situated on the east coast of India in Odisha. It is located where the Mahanadi River meets the Bay of Bengal.

• Marmugao port is a significant port in Goa located at the entrance of the Zuari river.
• It is the fifth busiest port and is responsible for exporting 40% of the nation’s iron ore.

• Correct location parts given in the question are matched as below:

• Kandla port is responsible for the most imports and exports in 2014.

• Chennai is India’s oldest and largest man-made harbor. It mostly deals with items such as oil, fertilizers, iron ore, and other goods.

• Vishakhapatnam and Cochin ports are natural harbors while Chennai and Tuticorin are artificial ports.

• Kakinada is a port city located in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It has four ports: Kakinada Anchorage Port, Kakinada Deep Water Port, Kakinada Fishing Harbour, and a Ship-Breaking Unit.
• It is an intermediate port among the two intermediate ports and ten minor ports along Andhra Pradesh’ 1000 km long coastline.

• India has 111 approved waterways. The longest one is the Ganga Bhagirathi–Hoogly Rivers, spanning 1620 km and running through Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.

• India has five Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) terminals which are as follows :

1. 1. Dahej (Gujarat)
   2. Hazira (Gujarat)
   3. Cochin (Kerala)
   4. Dabhol (Maharashtra)
   5. Paradip (Odisha)

Hence, it is clear that Kandla is not an LNG terminal of India.

• Kanyakumari is a city in Tamil Nadu where the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea, and the Indian Ocean, all come together.

• The Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project is a plan that would dig a 167 kilometer long pathway in the shallow ocean area between India and Sri Lanka.
• This canal would connect the Palk Strait (in the Bay of Bengal) to the Gulf of Mannar, providing a safe, easy route around the Indian Peninsula.
• At present, this project is cancelled.

• Dahej is located in the Gulf of Khambhat, in the Bharuch district of Gujarat. It is a non-major port, strategically located on international shipping routes, providing easy access to the industrial areas of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. Currently, India has a total of 13 major ports.

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. Kolkata
            2. Paradip
            3. Viskhapatnam
            4. Chennai
            5. Tuticorin
            6. Kochi
            7. New Manglore
            8. Marmugoa
            9. Mumbai
            10. Jawahar Lal Nehru Port trust (Nhava Sheva)
            11. Ennore
            12. Kandla Part
            13. Vadhavan

• The correct match of List-I with List–II are as follows :

• The correct match of seaports with their respective state is as follows :

• If Krishnapatnam port is promoted, it will be very good for the state of Andhra Pradesh.
• This port is in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh and it serves the areas of southern Andhra Pradesh, north Tamil Nadu, and western Karnataka.

• Mumbai Port is the biggest deep-water harbour on the west coast of India. It has been very important in helping India become a more industrialised nation.

• Mumbai Port is a deep-water harbour located on the west coast of India, and it is the largest port in the country. It has been very important in helping India’s industrial growth.

• A new port in India is going to be built in Vadhavan, Maharashtra. It will be run on the “landlord model” which means that private companies and factories will lease the necessary infrastructure.

• The part of the Ganges river between Allahabad and Haldia, called the Bhagirathi-Hoogly, was designated as National Waterway 1 in 1986. It is 1620 km long, making it the longest.

• In 1992, the West Coast Canal which runs from Kottapuram to Kollam, including the Champakara and Udyogmandal Canals, was declared a National Waterway.
• It is 205 kilometers long and can be used for navigation.

• In February 2004, the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) created the National Inland Navigation Institute (NINI) in Patna, Bihar.

• Kandla is a major port situated on the Gulf of Kutch along the west coast.
• It was built in the 1950s to be the main port for Western India after the split of India and Pakistan, which put the port of Karachi in Pakistan.

• Gulf of Kutch Okha, Porbandar, Alang, Bedi, Bhavnagar, Dahej, Jafarabad, Mandvi, Navlayi, Surat and Veraval are big cities in Gujarat that have ports.
• Jamnagar is south of the Gulf of Kutch but it is not a port town of Gujarat.

• Kandla (Gujarat), Kochin (Kerala), and Mangalore (Karnataka) are well-known ports. Bangalore (Karnataka) is not located near a port since it is a landlocked city

• A seaport is an area in the ocean where boats can sail in open waters. In India, Chennai is a seaport where docks are built along the shoreline.

• Haldia port is located 90 km away from Kolkata and is an example of an “Out Port”.
• This type of port is located in the sea and is a smaller port linked to the main port.

• Chabahar is a city in Iran located in the Sistan and Balochistan province.
• It is a free port along the Gulf of Oman. India made a deal in 2015 to help develop the port, which created a new transit route for India, Iran, and Afghanistan that does not go through Pakistan.

• The Rajasthan Government is looking into the possibility of building an artificial port in Jalore by bringing in ocean water from the Arabian Sea via Gujarat.
• The waterway would be 300 metres wide and 25 metres deep, starting from the end of Lakpat at Kori Creek in the Arabian Sea, passing through the Rann of Kutch, then joining Jalore.

• Mundra port is located in Gujarat, not in Andhra Pradesh. All the other matches are correct.