1. Who of the following had started the Khilafat Movement? Choose the answer from the codes given below:
1. Shaukat Ali
2. Mohammad Ali
3. Shariatullah
4. Abul Kalam Azad
Code :
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1, 3 and 4
(c) I, 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (a) Shaukat Ali & Mohammad Ali
- Maulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali were the main initiators of the Khilafat Movement
- It was joined by other Muslim leaders such as Hasrat Mohani, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, and Dr Hakim Ajmal Khan to form an All India Khilafat Committee in Lucknow.
- Haji Shariatullah was a famous Islamic reformer in British India and started the Faraizi Movement.
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3. Which of the following were the main objectives of the Khilafat Movement?
1. To rouse anti-British feelings among the Muslims of India.
2. To reform the Muslim society.
3. To demand separate electorates and preserve the Khilafat.
4. To save the Ottoman Empire and preserve the Khilafat.
Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:
Code :
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 and 4
(d) 1 and 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (d) 1 and 4
- Indian Muslims saw the Sultan of Turkey as the leader of the Islamic empire.
- Before WWI, the British promised to be fair to Turkey to get the support of Indian Muslims.
- But the British dismembered Turkey and removed the leader of the empire.
- They started a movement to protect the Ottoman Empire and to keep the leader in his position.
- This movement, called the Khilafat Movement, got more aggressive when Gandhi joined in.
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4. Who was elected as President of the All India Khilafat Conference in 1919?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
(c) Maulana Shaukat Ali
(d) Motilal Nehru
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (a) Mahatma Gandhi
- Muslims, such as the Ali brothers, Hasrat Mohani and Shaukat Ali, and Azad created a Khilafat Party.
- Gandhi saw this as an opportunity to bring the Hindus and Muslims together and he was made President of the All-India Khilafat Conference in Delhi.
- The Amritsar Session of the Congress in December also gave a big boost to the Khilafat movement.
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5. Why did Mahatma Gandhi support the Khilafat Movement?
(a) The Khalifa had given shelter to Indian revolutionaries
(b) Gandhiji wanted to win the support of the Indian Muslims against the British
(c) The Khalifa supported the Indian struggle for freedom
(d) The Khalifa was a friend of Gandhiji
[48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Gandhiji wanted to win the support of the Indian Muslims against the British
- Gandhi thought this was a good chance to join Hindu and Muslim people together against British rule.
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7. Who viewed the Khilafat Movement as an opportunity for integrating Hindus and Muslims which will not appear again within the coming hundred years?
(a) Ali Brothers
(b) Abul Kalam Azad
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
[40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (c) Mahatma Gandhi
- Mahatma Gandhi decided to help the Khilafat Movement as he saw it as an opportunity to bring Hindus and Muslims together.
- He was chosen as the President of the All-India Khilafat Conference in Delhi on November 23, 1919.
- The Amritsar Session of the Congress in December 1919 also strongly supported the Khilafat agitation.
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8. Who one of the following had renounced the title of Haziq-ul-Mulk during the Khilafat agitation?
(a) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
(b) Mohammad Ali
(c) Shaukat Ali
(d) Hakim Ajmal Khan
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (d) Hakim Ajmal Khan
- Hakim Ajmal Khan gave up the title Haziq-ul-Mulk during the Khilafat movement.
- This title had been given to him by the British Government in 1908.
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9. Who warned Gandhiji not to encourage fanaticism of Muslim religious leaders and their followers:
(a) Agha Khan
(b) Ajmal Khan
(c) Hasan Imam
(d) Mohammad Ali Jinnah
[U.P. P.S.C. (GIC) 2010, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (d) Mohammad Ali Jinnah
- Gandhi tried to unite Hindus and Muslims by linking the Swaraj issue to the Khilafat issue.
- Mohammad Ali Jinnah disagreed and criticized Gandhi for supporting the Khilafat Movement, which he thought was too religious.
- K.M. Munshi said that Jinnah warned Gandhi not to promote the extreme religious beliefs of Muslim leaders.
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11. Which one of the following was the result of the Khilafat movement?
(a) Hindu-Muslim differences were narrowed down
(b) Language problems became acute
(c) Hindu-Muslim riots increased
(d) Hindus were suppressed
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (a) Hindu-Muslim differences were narrowed down
- Gandhi saw the Khilafat Movement as a good chance for Hindus and Muslims to come together.
- As a result, Hindus and Muslims joined forces in opposition to the British Government on the issue of Turkey.
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12. The person who on April 4, 1919, delivered a speech on Hindu-Muslim unity from the pulpit of Jama Masjid in Delhi was –
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Mahamana Malviya
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai
(d) Swami Shraddhanand
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (d) Swami Shraddhanand
- On April 4, 1919, Swami Shraddhanand spoke to a crowd of 30,000 Muslims about Hindu-Muslim unity at the Jama Masjid in Delhi.
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13. The Congress supported the Khilafat Movement mainly for:
1. Reinstatement of Caliph
2. Removal of Caliph
3. Getting the sympathy of the Muslims
4. Marginalising Jinnah in the Congress
Code :
(a) 1 and 3
(b) 2 and 4
(c) 3 and 4
(d) 1 and 4
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (a) 1 and 3
- Congress backed the Khilafat Movement mainly to help restore the caliph and to gain the favor of Muslims.
- Gandhi believed this was a great opportunity to bring Hindus and Muslims together.
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14. Which of the following Indian leaders did not support the Khilafat Movement?
(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(b) Madan Mohan Malviya
(c) Mohammad Ali
(d) Swami Shraddhanand
[U.P. P.S.C. (GIC) 2010, U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Madan Mohan Malviya
- Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya was a very knowledgeable person who was a great teacher, lawyer, and journalist from India before it became independent.
- Pandit Malviya disagreed with Mahatma Gandhi’s support of the Khilafat Movement
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15. In which city was the conference of the Khilafat Committee in 1920 held that requested Gandhiji to assume the leadership of the Non-co-operation Movement?
(a) Lucknow
(b) Lahore
(c) Allahabad
(d) Karachi
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (c) Allahabad
- In 1920, Gandhi suggested to the Khilafat Committee that they use non-violent methods to demonstrate against the Government.
- The Khilafat Committee at Allahabad agreed and asked Gandhi to be in charge.
- At a meeting in Calcutta, chaired by Lala Lajpat Rai, the decision to do the Non-cooperation Movement was accepted.
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16. “In this instance, we could not play off the Mohammedans against the Hindus.” To which one of the following events did this remark of Aitchison relate?
(a) Revolt of 1857
(b) Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
(c) Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement (1919-22)
(d) August Movement of 1942
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (c) Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement (1919-22)
- Aitchison’s statement was about the Khilafat event and the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1919-22.
- Muslims joined the Nationalist movement at this time, and Hindus and Muslims were more united than ever.
- Jinnah declared that Muslims were first Muslim and then Indian at this time.
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17. Moplah Rebellion in 1921 was an offshoot of :
(a) Khilafat Movement
(b) Mutiny of 1857
(c) Swadeshi Movement
(d) Non-Cooperation Movement
[43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (a) Khilafat Movement
- The Moplah peasants rose up against the unfair rules of the Hindu landlords, who had the support of the British.
- The Hindus had taken away the Moplahs’ land, so the peasants revolted.
- A fight between British soldiers and the Moplahs broke out and many Europeans were killed.
- The Khilafat Movement became more active, making the situation hard to understand.
- In the end, the two movements combined.
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