1. A city is different from a village : 1. In terms of social values 2. In terms of household composition 3. In terms of way of living 4. In terms of economic activities Select the correct answer using the code given below: Code : (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) All of the above [U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (d) All of the above
- A city is not the same as a village in many ways, including social values, family living, lifestyle, and economic activities.
- Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.
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2. Urban growth is indicative of : 1. Rise in the total urban population 2. Rise in the number of urban centers 3. Rise in the total population of a country 4. Rise in the income from urban areas Select the correct answer using the codes given below : Codes : (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) All of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004] Ans. (d) All of the above
- Urban growth proves that option (d) is the right choice.
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3. Which one of the following is NOT an element of a rural community? (a) We-feeling (b) Cultural diversity (c) Territory (d) Self-sufficiency
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2021] Ans. (b) Cultural diversity
- Cultural diversity is not something you would find in a rural area; it is something you would find in a city.
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4. Which of the following is not a feature of urban life? (a) Competition (b) Impersonal relationship (c) Loss of humanistic value (d) Informal ties
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2021] Ans. (d) Informal ties
- Urban life does not involve any connections or relationships that are informal.
- The main features of urban living are competition, impersonal relationships, formality, anonymity, the loss of humanistic values, a mix of different people and cultures, and an economy based on the market.
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5. T.K. Oommen distinguished urban families through : (a) mode of earning and changing value pattern (b) structure of authority (c) urban social milieu and social ecology (d) all of the above
[U. P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2014] Ans. (d) all of the above
- T.K. Oommen is a renowned Indian sociologist.
- He gave the following pattern to distinguish the urban families : T.K. Oommen is a famous Indian sociologist who created a way of recognizing urban families. Different sources of money and different ways of thinking.
- The way people in power are organized.
- The atmosphere and environment of cities and the way people interact with each other.
- Therefore, option (d) is the right answer
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6. Consider the following in relation to the causes of urbanization and select the correct answer from the codes given below : 1. High rate of migration from rural to urban areas. 2. Increasing number of educational institutions in cities. 3. High rate of industrialization. 4. High standard of living in rural areas. Codes : (a) 1, 2, and 3 are correct (b) 2, 3, and 4 are correct (c) 1, 2, and 4 are correct (d) 1, 3, and 4 are correct
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) ( Re-Exam) 2015] Ans. (a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
- People from rural areas are drawn to cities due to the various benefits and opportunities they offer, like hospitals, schools, jobs, better roads, and access to drinking water.
- India’s towns and cities are growing rapidly as more and more people move there looking for economic options.
- The MNREGA program has improved the quality of life in rural areas, resulting in fewer people relocating to cities.
- Therefore, Statement 4 is not a cause of urbanization.
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7. Consider the following in relation to the causes of urbanization. 1. High rate of migration from rural to urban areas. 2. Increasing number of educational institutions in cities. 3. High standard of living in rural areas. Which of the above is correct? (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015] Ans. (a) 1 and 2
- People from rural areas are attracted to cities by ‘pull’ factors such as hospitals, schools, employment, and roads. People also ‘push’ to cities in order to escape problems in their villages.
- India’s towns and cities have grown a lot due to people moving to them for economic opportunities.
- The MNREGA program has helped improve living standards in rural areas, so fewer people are relocating from rural to urban areas.
- Therefore, statement 4 is not one of the reasons for urbanization.
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8. Which of the following segments of the population is not included in the scheme of inclusive development? (a) Marginal farmers (b) Landless agricultural laborers (c) Schedule Castes/Schedule Tribes (d) Persons living in semi-urban areas
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016] Ans. (d) Persons living in semi-urban areas
- The Economic Survey 2015-16 shows that inclusive development is a form of progress that includes both social inclusion and financial inclusion.
- Despite many years of planned economic growth, many people such as agricultural workers, small farmers, and members of Scheduled Castes and Tribes are still facing social and financial exclusion.
- Therefore, these marginalized people are the main focus of inclusive development programs.
- People living in semi-urban areas, excluding families who are below the poverty line or members of Scheduled Castes and Tribes, are not considered part of these marginalized groups.
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9. At the current rate of growth, the urban population of India by the year 2030 will reach : (a) 575 million (b) 675 million (c) 750 million (d) 900 million
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017] Ans. (a) 575 million
- According to information from the Ministry of Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation, India’s urban population is expected to reach 575 million by the year 2030 if the growth rate stays the same.
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10. In terms of Urbanization India is a : (a) Moderately-low urbanized country (b) Very-low urbanized country (c) Highly urbanized country (d) None of the above
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998] Ans. (a) Moderately-low urbanized country
- According to the 2001 Census, India had an urbanization rate of 27.8%.
- This is lower than countries like Singapore (100%) and Japan (77%) and is considered to have a moderate level of urbanization.
- According to the 2011 Census, 31.1% of the population in India lives in cities.
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11. Consider the following statements and select the correct answer from the codes given below Assertion (A): India is a case of an over-urbanized country. Reason (R): Most of the large cities in India do not have adequate infrastructure. Choose the correct answer from the codes given below : (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) explains (A) (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) does not explain (A) (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017] Ans. (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
- India is growing quickly, but it’s not yet over-urbanized.
- The population of India is 1.21 billion, with only 31.1% living in cities.
- This means the assertion that India is over-urbanized is wrong.
- The main problem is that cities do not have enough infrastructure such as electricity, water, sanitation, and transportation.
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12. Assertion (A): India’s level of urbanization is much lower than that of China. Reason (R): Indian cities are poorly planned. Select the correct answer from the codes given below : Codes : (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2010] Ans. (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
- China is much more urbanized than India. In 1950, India had more people living in cities (17%) than China (13%), but from 1950 to 2005 China urbanized much faster than India and now 41% of Chinese people live in cities, compared to 29% in India.
- India has few planned cities, which is why the statement is true, but the reason given does not explain it accurately.
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13. Which of the following statements is correct according to the Census 2001? I. The total urban population of India is 285 million. II. The contribution of the urban population to the total population of India is 27.78 percent. III. The urban population of India is more than the total population of the USA. IV. Indian urbanization is basically self-reliant urbanization. Select the correct answer from the codes given below : Codes : (a) I And II (b) II and III (c) I, II, and IV (d) All
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl.) (Pre) 2002, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2003] Ans. (d) All
- The questions asked were all correct. According to the 2001 Census, India’s urban population was 28.6 crores (27.8% of total population).
- The population of the United States at the same time was 28.14 crores (with urban population making up more than 75% of the total population).
- India’s urban population in 2011 was 377.1 million, or 31.3% of the total population.
- The population of the United States in 2010 was 308.7 million (with urban population making up more than 80% of the total population).
- This is much lower than India’s urban population.
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14. Assertion (A): The urban population of India is more than that of the U.S.A. Reason (R): The level of urbanization in the U.S.A. is higher than that in India. Codes: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (c) A is true, but R is false. (d) A is false, but R is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000, Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003] Ans. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- The question period showed that all the statements given were true.
- In 2001, India’s urban population was 28.6 crore (27.8% of the total population) and the United States population was 28.14 crore (75% of which was urban).
- In 2011, India’s total urban population was 377.1 million (31.3% of the population), and in 2010, the US had 308.7 million people, 80% of which were urban. India’s urban population is larger than the US’s.
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15. Assertion (A): India’s urban population exceeds the total population of the USA. Reason (R): India has made a spectacular growth in urbanization. Select the correct answer from the codes given below : Codes : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (c) A is true, but R is false (d) A is false, but R is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2002] Ans. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- According to the 2001 Census, India had 28.6 crore people living in urban areas.
- This was more than the total population of the United States, which was 28.14 crore at the time.
- India has seen a lot of growth in its urban population in recent years, and this is why India’s urban population surpassed the population of the US.
- Therefore, both the statement (A) and the explanation (R) are correct.
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16. The expansion of Urban India is a platform for : (a) Industrial growth (b) Modern service sector growth (c) Creation of improved income opportunities (d) All of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015] Ans. (d) All of the above
- Urban areas are bigger and more developed than rural areas.
- In rural areas, the main activities are farming, forestry, and animal husbandry.
- In urban areas, the focus is on secondary and tertiary economic activities, which can lead to more jobs and better incomes.
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17. Consider the following statements: Assertion (A): Urbanization in India has increased rapidly after 2001. Reason (R): A revolution in mobile communication has been taking place in India. Select the correct answer from the code given below : (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) truly explains (A) (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) does not explain (A) (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016] Ans. (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) does not explain (A)
- The 2011 census showed that India had 1210.85 million people, with 377.1 million of them living in cities.
- In 2001, there were 35 cities with over one million people, but by 2011 this number had increased to 53.
- This suggests that urbanization in India has increased quickly after 2001.
- Mobile communication in India has also grown a lot over the past few years, with the percentage of people with access to a telephone increasing from 3.58 percent in 2001 to 78.13 percent in 2015.
- It can be said that both the statement and the reason given are true, but the reason does not explain the statement.
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18. Which of the following statements regarding urbanization in India is not true? (a) With a few exceptions, the urban growth rate in India has been always increasing. (b) The concentration of urban population in India has increased in relatively big cities. (c) Urbanization of all regions in India has taken place in a uniform manner. (d) Employment, housing, pollution, and energy are the main urban problems in India.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002] Ans. (c) Urbanization of all regions in India has taken place in a uniform manner.
- In India, the spread of urbanization is very uneven.
- Goa is the most urbanized state, where more than half of the people live in cities.
- Himachal Pradesh is the least urbanized state, with only 10% of people living in cities.
- Clearly, the amount of urbanization in different parts of India is not equal.
- All other statements are correct.
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19. With reference to ‘birth rate’ which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? 1. Urbanization helps in reducing the birth rate. 2. A high literacy rate is directly related to a low birth rate. Select the correct answer using the codes given below. Codes : (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2021] Ans. (c) Both 1 and 2
- Urban areas have lower population growth rates due to better access to family planning and healthcare.
- People in urban areas also typically have higher literacy rates, which further contributes to lower birth rates.
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20. Which one of the following periods is characterized by the stage of moderate urbanization in India? (a) 1881-1901 (b) 1901-1931 (c) 1931-1961 (d) 1961-2001
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003] Ans. (c) 1931-1961
- From 1931 to 1961, not a lot of people moved to cities in India.
- The number of people living in cities went up by 45.46 million, but the percentage of people living in cities only went up from 12.2% to 18.3%.
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21. In India, the largest percentage of decadal growth of urbanization has been witnessed during : (a) 1961-71 (b) 1971-81 (c) 1981-91 (d) 1991-2001
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2001, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2007, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009] Ans. (b) 1971-81
- From 1961 to 1991, the urban population in India increased by 38.2%.
- From 1971 to 1981, it increased by 46.1%, from 1981 to 1991 it increased by 36.4
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22. Which of the following criteria is not accepted to define any domicile in India as an urban center? (a) Physical expansion (b) Population size (c) Population density (d) Occupational structure
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008] Ans. (a) Physical expansion
- The Census of India has a specific definition of what an urban area is.
- All towns and cities with at least 5,000 people, where at least 75% of the male population is involved in non-agricultural activities, and with at least 400 people per square kilometer, are included.
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23. Which of the following conditions determine an area as urban as given in the Census Report of 2001? 1. Its minimum population will have to be 5,000. 2. The minimum percentage of its working male population, engaged in non-agricultural work, will have to be 75. 3. The density of its population will have to be at least 400 persons per sq. km. 4. It will have to have a minimum area of 10 sq. km. Select the correct answer from the codes given below : (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) All four
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009] Ans. (b) 1, 2 and 3
- The Census of India has a definition for what counts as an urban area.
- Any city, town, or area with a population of at least 5,000, with 75% of the male population employed in non-agricultural jobs, and a density of 400 people per square kilometer.
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24. According to the 2011 Census, the total number of Census Towns in India is : (a) 3894 (b) 4041 (c) 5161 (d) 7935
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010] Ans. (a) 3894
- The Census of 2011 counted a total of 3892 towns in India as opposed to 1362 towns in 2001.
- To be classified as a Census Town, it must have a minimum population of 5000, have at least 75% of its male population involved in non-agricultural activities, and have a population density of at least 400 people per square kilometer.
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25. Urbanization in India has : (a) reduced both birth rate and death rate (b) reduced the birth rate only, not the death rate (c) increased birth rate and death rate both (d) no effect on both birth rate and death rate
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2007] Ans. (a) reduced both birth rate and death rate
- Urbanization brings more economic development, like more education and jobs.
- This reduces fertility and birth rates.
- It also leads to better medical care, which lowers infant mortality and death rates.
- People living in cities are more aware of how to stay healthy, so they have a longer life expectancy than people in rural areas.
- This shows how important urbanization is for better health in India.
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26. As per the 2011 Census, the percentage of urban population to total population in India was : (a) 28.50 (b) 31.16 (c) 37.60 (d) 39.20
[U. P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017, 2014, U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl.) (Mains) 2010, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008, 2009, R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2003, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003, Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002] Ans. (b) 31.16
- The Census 2011 report shows that India’s population is over 1.2 billion, with 68.9% living in rural areas and 31.1% living in cities.
- The provisional data for the same year shows that 31.16% of the population lives in urban areas.
- Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.
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27. As per the 2011 Census the urban population percentage to the total population of India was about : (a) 21 (b) 31 (c) 36 (d) 40 (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[64th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018] Ans. (b) 31
- The Census 2011 figures show that the total population of India is around 1.2 billion, with the rural population making up 68.9% of that and the urban population making up the remaining 31.1%.
- According to the provisional data of the Census, the proportion of the urban population to the total population is 31.16%, making option (b) the correct answer.
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28. According to the Census 2011, the number of people living in cities in India is approximately: (a) 37 crore (b) 33 crore (c) 35 crore (d) 39 crore
[U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014] Ans. (a) 37 crore
- India’s total population in 2011 was 1,210,854,977, with 833,748,852 (68.9%) living in rural areas and 377,106,125 (31.1%) living in urban areas.
- The percentage of people living in urban areas was 31.16%, making option (b) the correct answer.
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29. More than one-fourth of India’s urban population lives in the two States of : (a) Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal (b) Maharashtra and Gujarat (c) Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu (d) Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Pre) 2008, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004] Ans. (d) Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh
- According to the 2011 Census, the cities of Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu had populations of 28,219,075, 29,093,002, 50,818,259, 25,745,083, 44,495,063, and 34,917,440, respectively.
- Combining the urban populations of Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh is more than 25% of the total urban population (377106125) of India.
- This was also true as per the Census 2001.
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30. The State with lowest urban population in India is: (a) Sikkim (b) Kerala (c) Nagaland (d) Manipur
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014] Ans. (a) Sikkim
- Sikkim is the Indian State with the least number of people living in cities.
- The Census 2011 recorded that the urban population of Sikkim is 1,53,578. Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Mizoram have even lower urban populations than Sikkim, at 317369, 570966, and 571771 respectively.
- Lakshadweep has the least urban population of all the Union Territories and States.
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31. According to the 2001 Census, the three States housing the maximum urban population of the country are : (a) Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Karnataka (b) Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu (c) Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal (d) Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006] Ans. (d) Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu
- According to the Census from 2001 and 2011, the states with the most people living in cities are Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.
- In 2001, Maharashtra had 41,101 thousand urban citizens, Uttar Pradesh had 34,540 44,495, and Tamil Nadu had 27,484 34,917.
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32. Arrange the following States of India in descending order of their urban population (2011) and select the correct answer from the codes given below : 1. Maharashtra 2. Tamil Nadu 3. Uttar Pradesh 4. West Bengal Codes : (a) 1, 3, 2, 4 (b) 1, 2, 3, 4 (c) 4, 3, 2, 1 (d) 2, 1, 4, 3
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010] Ans. (a) 1, 3, 2, 4
- The correct answer is option (a), according to the Census of 2001 and 2011.
- The urban populations of the given states in 2011 were: Maharashtra with 5,08,18,259 people, Uttar Pradesh with 4,44,95,063 people, Tamil Nadu with 3,49,17,440 W. Bengal with 2,90,93,002.
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33. Which one of the following is the correct ascending order of the States in terms of urban population as per the 2001 Census? (a) West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, U.P. and Maharashtra (b) Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, U.P. and West Bengal (c) Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, U.P. and West Bengal (d) Maharashtra, Gujarat, U.P. and West Bengal
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005] Ans. (a) West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, U.P. and Maharashtra
- According to the data from the 2001 and 2011 Censuses, option (a) is the right answer.
- The amount of people living in urban areas in the given states in 2011 are Maharashtra with 5,08,18,259; Uttar Pradesh with 4,44,95,063, Tamil Nadu with 3,49,17,440, W. Bengal with 2,90,93,002.
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34. Arrange the following States of India in ascending order of their urban population (2011) and select the correct answer from the codes given below : 1. Arunachal Pradesh 2. Mizoram 3. Nagaland 4. Sikkim Codes : (a) 1, 4, 2, 3 (b) 4, 1, 3, 2 (c) 4, 1, 2, 3 (d) 4, 3, 1, 2
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010] Ans. (b) 4, 1, 3, 2
- According to the 2011 Census, the States with the highest to lowest urban populations are Sikkim (1,53,578), Arunachal Pradesh (3,17,369), Nagaland (5,70,966), Mizoram 5,71,771.
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35. Which of the following statements is correct? (a) Maharashtra is the most urbanized State in India. (b) Himachal Pradesh is the least urbanized State of India. (c) Uttar Pradesh has the highest concentration of urban population in India. (d) Nagaland has the lowest concentration of urban population in India.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002] Ans. (b) Himachal Pradesh is the least urbanized State of India.
- According to the 2011 Census, Himachal Pradesh is the least urbanized state in India, with only 10% of its population living in urban areas.
- Goa is the most urbanized state, with 62.2% of its population living in urban areas.
- Maharashtra has the highest urban population at 50.8 million, and Sikkim (0.15 million) has the lowest concentration of urban population among all States in India.
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36. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists :
| List -I |
List – II |
| A. Most urbanized State |
1. Delhi |
| B. State having largest urban population |
2. Arunachal Pradesh |
| C. Most densely populated State |
3. Maharashtra |
| D. Least densely populated State |
4. Tamil Nadu |
Codes : A B C D (a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 4 3 2 1 (c) 3 2 1 4 (d) 4 3 1 2 [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (d) 4 3 1 2
- Based on the 2011 Census, the state of Tamil Nadu is the most urbanized of the given states.
- The state with the largest urban population is Maharashtra.
- The most densely populated state is Delhi and the least densely populated state is Arunachal Pradesh.
- According to the Census 2011, the order of most urbanized states (states with the highest percentage of urban population) is as follows: State Urbanization (%).
- Goa has 62.2 people per square kilometer, Mizoram has 52.1, Tamil Nadu has 48.4, and Maharashtra has 45.2.
- According to the Census 2011, Bihar has the most people per square kilometer, and Delhi has the highest population density of all States and Union Territories.
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37. Which State of India has the highest percentage of urban population, according to the Census 2011? (a) Maharashtra (b) Goa (c) Tamil Nadu (d) Mizoram
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl.) (Mains) 2010] Ans. (b) Goa
- According to the 2011 Census, Tamil Nadu is the most urbanized State among the given States.
- Maharashtra has the largest urban population, Delhi is the most densely populated State, and Arunachal Pradesh is the least densely populated State.
- The order of States with the highest percentage of urban population is as follows: Tamil Nadu (highest), followed by other States.
- According to the Census 2011, Goa, Mizoram, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra have population densities of 62.2, 52.1, 48.4, and 45.2 respectively.
- Bihar is the most populous state while Delhi is the most densely populated state and union territory.
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38. The most urbanized State of India is : (a) Gujarat (b) Maharashtra (c) Tamil Nadu (d) West Bengal
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998, 2005] Ans. (c) Tamil Nadu
- Out of the states listed, Tamil Nadu is the most urbanized according to the 2001 and 2011 censuses.
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39. According to the 2011 Census, the most urbanized State of India is : (a) Kerala (b) Maharashtra (c) Tamil Nadu (d) West Bengal
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012, U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010] Ans. (c) Tamil Nadu
- The number of people living in cities in Tamil Nadu was 44.5% and 48.4% in 2001 and 2011 respectively, which is the highest of all the listed states.
- According to the 2011 census, the 5 states with the most urban population are Goa (62.2%), Mizoram (52.1%), Tamil Nadu (48.4%), Kerala (47.7%) and Maharashtra(45.2%).
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40. Which of the following States is most urbanized as per the 2001 Census Report? (a) Gujarat (b) Karnataka (c) Tamil Nadu (d) West Bengal
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005] Ans. (c) Tamil Nadu
- According to the Census 2001 and 2011, Tamil Nadu had the highest percentage of urban population compared to other states, 44.5% and 48.4% respectively.
- Out of all the states, Goa had the highest percentage of urban population in 2011, 62.2%, followed by Mizoram (52.1%), Tamil Nadu (48.4%), Kerala (47.7%) and Maharashtra (45.2%).
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41. The two most urbanized States in India are : (a) Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu (b) Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh (c) Goa and Mizoram (d) Gujarat and Karnataka
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Pre) 2008] Ans. (c) Goa and Mizoram
- According to the Censuses of 2001 and 2011, Tamil Nadu had the highest amount of urban population out of all the given states.
- The Census of 2011 showed that the 5 most urbanized states in India were Goa (62.2%), Mizoram (52.1%), Tamil Nadu (48.4%), Kerala (47.7%) and Maharashtra (45.2%).
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42. Arrange the following States in descending order of urbanization as per the 2011 Census and select the correct answer from the codes given below the States : 1. Kerala 2. Mizoram 3. Goa 4. Tamil Nadu Codes : (a) 3, 2, 4, 1 (b) 1, 2, 3, 4 (c) 3, 4, 1, 2 (d) 4, 1, 2, 3
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016, U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004, U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl.) (Pre) 2002, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2003] Ans. (a) 3, 2, 4, 1
- The population of Tamil Nadu living in urban areas was 44.5% in 2001 and 48.4% in 2011, the highest among the given states.
- The 5 most urbanized states in India according to the 2011 Census are Goa (62.2%), Mizoram (52.1%), Tamil Nadu (48.4%), Kerala (47.7%) and Maharashtra (45.2%).
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43. Which one of the following is the most urbanized State of India? (a) Maharashtra (b) Mizoram (c) Goa (d) Tamil Nadu
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003, U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl.) (Pre) 2004, U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010] Ans. (c) Goa
- The Census 2001 and 2011 both showed that Goa is the most urbanized state in India.
- In 2011, 62.2% of the population was living in urban areas, compared to 49.8% in 2001.
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44. The three most urbanized States of India in the correct sequence are : (a) Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu (b) Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat (c) Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat (d) Punjab, Gujarat, Maharashtra
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002] Ans. (c) Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat
- It is clear that Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, and Punjab had an increase in their urban population between the years 2001 and 2011.
- Tamil Nadu had the highest increase, from 44.5% to 48.4%, while Punjab had the lowest increase, from 33.9% to 37.5%.
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45. The three most urbanized States of India in the correct descending sequence are: (a) Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat (b) Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka (c) Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu (d) Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2001, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2003, 2004] Ans. (b) Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka
- It is clear that Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, and Punjab have become increasingly urbanized over time.
- Tamil Nadu had 44.5% urban population in 2001 and 48.4% in 2011.
- Maharashtra had 42.4% in 2001 and 45.2% in 2011. Gujarat 37.4% 42.6%, Karnataka 34.0% 38.7%, Punjab 33.9% 37.5%.
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46. Arrange the following Indian States in descending order from the urbanization point of view. 1. West Bengal 2. Tamil Nadu 3. Maharashtra 4. Gujarat Select the correct answer using the codes given below. Codes : (a)1, 2, 3, 4 (b)2, 3, 4, 1 (c)3, 4, 2, 1 (d)4, 3, 2, 1
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2007] Ans. (b) 2, 3, 4, 1
- According to the Census of 2001 and 2011, the best answer is option (b).
- The States in order from most to least urbanized are Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and West Bengal.
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47. In which of the following land-locked States of India, the percentage of urban population is highest as per the 2011 Census? (a) Haryana (b) Jammu and Kashmir (c) Punjab (d) Madhya Pradesh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013] Ans. (c) Punjab
- In 2011, 34.9% of the population in Haryana lived in urban areas, while Jammu & Kashmir 27.4, Punjab 37.5, Madhya Pradesh 27.6
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48. Arrange the following States in descending order of urbanization as per Census 2011 and select the correct answer from the codes given below : 1. Gujarat 2. Andhra Pradesh 3. Maharashtra 4. West Bengal Codes : (a) 4, 2, 3, 1 (b) 3, 4, 2, 1 (c) 2, 3, 1, 4 (d) 1, 2, 4, 3
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017] Ans. (b) 3, 4, 2, 1
- The 2011 Census shows that Maharashtra has the highest total urban population, followed by West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, and Gujarat.
- In terms of the percentage of urban population, Maharashtra comes first, followed by Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and West Bengal.
- None of the choices are correct when looking at the percentage of urban population.
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49. According to the 2011 Census among the following States, which one has the lowest level of urbanization? (a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Haryana (c) Mizoram (d) West Bengal
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Re-Exam) (Pre) 2016] Ans. (d) West Bengal
- Based on the 2011 Census, West Bengal has the least amount of people living in urban areas out of the four states listed.
- Andhra Pradesh has 33.4% of its population living in urban areas, Haryana has 34.
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50. Arrange the following States in descending order of the percentage of the urban population, as per provisional 2011 Census data released in July 2011. Select the correct answer from the codes given below : 1. Gujarat 2. Kerala 3. Maharashtra 4. Tamil Nadu Codes : (a) 4, 2, 3, 1 (b) 2, 4, 1, 3 (c) 3, 1, 2, 4 (d) 1, 3, 4, 2
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009] Ans. (a) 4, 2, 3, 1
- Based on the final results of the 2011 Census, the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Gujarat have the highest percentage of people living in urban areas in that order.
- This sequence was the same as the provisional 2011 Census data.
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51. Which one of the following States of India has the highest urban density? (a) Maharashtra (b) Punjab (c) Tamil Nadu (d) West Bengal
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2013, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013] Ans. (d) West Bengal
- The 2011 Census final data shows that Maharashtra has 5594 people per square kilometer, Punjab has 4136, Tamil Nadu has 2561, and West Bengal has 5683 people per square kilometer.
- This means that West Bengal has the highest urban population density out of these states.
- If the question is asking about the percentage of the urban population, Tamil Nadu is the highest with 48.4%.
- If the question is asking about the percentage of urban area in the total area, Tamil Nadu is the highest with 10.5%.
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52. In which of the following States the level of urbanization (% of urban population) is the lowest as per the 2011 Census? (a) Arunachal Pradesh (b) Sikkim (c) Bihar (d) Nagaland
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017] Ans. (c) Bihar
- In 2011, the percentage of people living in cities in Arunachal Pradesh was 22.9%, in Sikkim it was 25.2%, in Bihar it was 11.3%, and in Nagaland it was 28.9%.
- Out of all of the states, Bihar has the second lowest percentage of urban population in India after Himachal Pradesh (10.0%).
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53. As per Census 2011, which among the following States recorded the lowest percentage of urban population? (a) Tripura (b) Sikkim (c) Arunachal Pradesh (d) Himachal Pradesh
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017] Ans. (d) Himachal Pradesh
- According to the 2011 Census, Tripura had 26.2%, Sikkim had 25.2%, Arunachal Pradesh had 22.9%, and Himachal Pradesh had the lowest percentage of all the states in India with 10.0% of urban population.
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54. According to the Population Census 2011, which of the following States of India has the lowest percentage of Urban population to its total population? (a) Himachal Pradesh (b) Odisha (c) Jharkhand (d) Rajasthan
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012, U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021] Ans. (a) Himachal Pradesh
- The 2011 Census showed that the percentage of people living in urban areas for Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, Jharkhand, and Rajasthan was 10.0%, 16.7%, 24.0%, and 24.9% respectively.
- It is important to note that Himachal Pradesh has the lowest percentage of people living in cities.
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55. As per the Census 2001, the least urbanized State of India is: (a) Arunachal Pradesh (b) Assam (c) Himachal Pradesh (d) Uttarakhand
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004] Ans. (c) Himachal Pradesh
- According to the Census of 2001 and 2011, Himachal Pradesh is the least urbanized State in India.
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56. Among the following Union Territories which one is least urbanized? (a) Lakshadweep (b) Andaman and Nicobar Islands (c) Dadra and Nagar Haveli (d) Puducherry
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008] Ans. (b) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- The 2011 Census showed that Andaman and Nicobar Islands are the least urbanized Union Territory, with only 37.7% urbanization.
- Delhi was the most urbanized with 97.5%, followed by Chandigarh (97.3) and Andaman & Nicobar (37.7).
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57. Arrange the following UTs of India in descending order of their level of urbanization (2011). Select the correct answer from the code given below : 1. Chandigarh 2. Daman and Diu 3. Delhi 4. Lakshadweep Code : (a) 2, 1, 4, 3 (b) 3, 1, 4, 2 (c) 3, 2, 1, 4 (d) 4, 3, 1, 2
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010] Ans. (b) 3, 1, 4, 2
- According to the Census of 2011, the most urbanized Union Territories are Delhi (97.5%), and Chandigarh (97.3%), followed by Lakshadweep (78.1%), and Daman & Diu (75.2%).
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58. Which of the following Union Territories has the lowest number of villages as per the 2011 Census ‘? (a) Dadra and Nagar Haveli (b) Daman and Diu (c) Lakshadweep (d) Puducherry
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014] Ans. (b) Daman and Diu
- According to the 2011 Census, Daman & Diu has the fewest villages of any Union Territory.
- It has only 25 villages while Lakshadweep has 27, Dadra and Nagar Haveli has 70, and Puducherry has 95. Interestingly, Chandigarh has the least number of villages with only 12.
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59. Which of the following statements are correct? Use the code given below to select the correct answer : 1. For the first time since Independence, the overall increase in population has been more in urban areas than in rural areas. 2. Rural population in India is 67.84% and urban population is 32.16% (2011). 3. The level of urbanization was 27.81% in 2001. 4. The percentage of rural population was 71.19% in 2001. Code : (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1 and 3 only
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010] Ans. (d) 1 and 3 only
- The results of the Census 2011 show that 68.84% of the population lives in rural areas and 31.16% lives in urban areas.
- In 2001, the rural population was 72.19%, not 71.19% as stated in statements 2 and 4, which are incorrect.
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60. According to the 2001 Census report, the percentage of the rural population in India is: (a) 72.2 (b) 76.7 (c) 74.3 (d) 80.1
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008] Ans. (a) 72.2
- In 2001, 72.2% of India’s population was living in rural areas.
- By 2011, this had decreased to 68.9%.
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61. According to the 2011 Census, which State has the highest proportion of the rural population? (a) Bihar (b) Kerala (c) Madhya Pradesh (d) Himachal Pradesh
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015] Ans. (d) Himachal Pradesh
- The 2011 Census showed that Himachal Pradesh has the highest percentage of people living in rural areas (90%), followed by Bihar (88.7%), Assam (85.9%), Odisha (83.3%), Meghalaya (79.9%), and Uttar Pradesh (77.7%).
- Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh also have a large rural population, with 75.1% and 72.4 percent respectively.
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62. According to the 2011 Census which of the following States has the largest rural population? (a) Madhya Pradesh (b) Maharashtra (c) Punjab (d) Uttar Pradesh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018] Ans. (d) Uttar Pradesh
- In the States of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh, the 2011 Census showed that the rural population was higher than the urban population.
- Uttar Pradesh had the most rural population, and Himachal Pradesh had the highest percentage of rural population in India.
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63. Amongst the following States, which one has the highest percentage of rural population to its total population (on the basis of the Census 2001)? (a) Himachal Pradesh (b) Bihar (c) Odisha (d) Uttar Pradesh
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2008] Ans. (a) Himachal Pradesh
- The Census 2001 and 2011 showed that Himachal Pradesh had the most rural population of all the states, with 90.2% in 2001 and 90.0% in 2011.
- Bihar had 89.5% in 2001 and 88.7% in 2011.
- Odisha had 85.0% in 2001 and 83.3% in 2011.
- Uttar 79.2% 77.7%.
- As per Census 2001 and 2011, Himachal Pradesh has the highest percentage of rural population among all states.
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64. As per the Census of India (2011) which of the following States has the lowest percentage share of child population in rural areas? (a) Jammu & Kashmir (b) Kerala (c) Punjab (d) Haryana
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014] Ans. (b) Kerala
- According to the 2011 Census, the percentage of children living in rural areas in the states of Kerala, Punjab, Haryana, and Jammu & Kashmir are 10.4%, 11.2%, 13.2%, 17.5%.
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65. According to the 2011 Census, which of the following States has the lowest child sex ratio both in Rural and Urban areas? (a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Kerala (c) Haryana (d) Jammu and Kashmir
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018] Ans. (c) Haryana
- The Census 2011 showed different child sex ratios (ages 0-6) in rural and urban areas for these states: Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Haryana, and Jammu and Kashmir.
- Haryana had the lowest child-sex ratio both in rural and urban areas.
- In fact, of all states and union territories in India, Haryana had the lowest total and urban child sex ratio, and Delhi had the lowest rural child sex ratio (814).
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66. According to Census 2001, the highest percentage of the rural population living in pucca houses is found in : (a) Goa (b) Himachal Pradesh (c) Kerala (d) Punjab
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2008] Ans. (d) Punjab
- According to Census 2001, the percentage of people who live in rural areas and have pucca houses (houses built with strong materials, such as bricks and concrete) in certain states is the following: Goa (60.9 to 85.2), Kerala (64.6 85.4), Himachal Pradesh (61.8 84.8) Punjab (83.4 96.2).
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67. Given below are two statements: Assertion (A): The dividing line between village and town begins to be passed with the presence of traders and manufacturers. Reason (R): The traders and manufacturers wholly depend on village resources. In the context of the above, which one of the following is correct? (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. (c) A is true, but R is false. (d) A is false, but R is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009] Ans. (c) A is true, but R is false.
- The presence of traders and manufacturers is causing villages to be transformed into towns and cities. However, traders and manufacturers don’t rely only on the resources of the villages, so the reason given is incorrect.
- Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.
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68. Which of the following refers to the occupational structure of the population? (a) Number of persons living in the country (b) Size of working population (c) Distribution of working population among different occupations (d) Nature of different occupations
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015] Ans. (c) Distribution of working population among different occupations
- The jobs people do in the population show up in the workforce, such as how many people depend on others, how much work they do, and how many people are employed or unemployed.
- This shows how the people in the population are divided into different jobs.
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69. The classified number of urban centres in India is : (a) 4 (b) 7 (c) 5 (d) 6
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Pre) 2008] Ans. (d) 6
- RUrbanization is a process that causes big changes to the way people live.
- It is seen mainly in places with lots of people, where non-agricultural work is more common than farming.
- In countries like India, urbanization is happening quickly due to people moving from rural areas to cities.
- Many cities in India began as villages and grew to become towns and cities with lots of services.
- The Indian government has divided cities into 6 categories based on population size.
- The classification of cities based on population is as follows:
- Tier-1 cities: Cities with a population of 100,000 and above.
- Tier-2 cities: Cities with a population ranging from 50,000 to 99,999.
- Tier-3 cities: Cities with a population ranging from 20,000 to 49,999.
- Tier-4 cities: Cities with a population ranging from 10,000 to 19,999.
- Tier-5 cities: Cities with a population ranging from 5,000 to 9,999.
- Tier-6 cities: Cities with a population below 5,000.
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70. Which one of the following classes of towns is included in the category of small towns by the Census of India? (a) Class VI (b) Class V and VI (c) Class IV, V and VI (d) Class III, IV, V and VI
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007] Ans. (c) Class IV, V and VI
- India divides its cities into 6 different groups depending on how many people live there.
- Cities from Class IV, V, and VI are all considered small towns since they have a population of less than 20,000.
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71. In India, the growth rate of population is the highest in : (a) Class I towns (b) Class II towns (c) Class IV towns (d) Class VI towns
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000] Ans. (a) Class I towns
- According to the Census of 2001 and 2011, class (tier) I towns had the fastest population growth rate.
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72. As per Census 2001, the class I cities of India claim a share of the total urban population of : (a) 44.40% (b) 56.50% (c) 65.20% (d) 62.32%
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2010] Ans. (d) 62.32%
- The 2001 census showed that 62.32% of India’s population lived in Class I cities.
- In 2011, there were 468 Class I cities with a total population of 264.9 million, which was about 70% of India’s overall urban population.
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73. Which of the following statements are correct? 1. Tamil Nadu has marked the highest increase in urbanization ratio from 1961 to 2001. 2. The average size of an urban centre in India is approximately forty-five thousand (45,000). 3. The largest number of urban centres fall into category IV. 4. Class V and VI towns share over five per cent (5%) of the country’s total urban population. Select the correct answer from the codes given below: Codes : (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2, 3 and 4 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1,2 and 3
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2010] Ans. (c) 1 and 3
- Tamil Nadu had the largest increase in the number of people living in cities from 1961 to 2001 at 17.17%.
- The average size of a city in India was about 55,400 people.
- The highest number of cities was in the fourth tier, while about 3% of the country’s total urban population lived in the fifth and sixth tiers.
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74. Which of the following statements is not true as per 2001 Census : (a) Maharashtra had the largest concentration of urban population in India. (b) Goa was the most urbanized state of the country. (c) Class IV towns had the highest number of urban centres. (d) Class I cities had the highest concentration of the country’s urban population
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2001, 2003] Ans. (*)
- At the end of the question period, all of the answers were correct.
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75. As per the 2011 Indian Population Census, which of the following States has the largest number of towns in India? (a) Madhya Pradesh (b) Uttar Pradesh (c) Gujarat (d) Maharashtra
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2021] Ans. (b) Uttar Pradesh
- Urban life does not include informal ties. Instead, it has competition, impersonal relationships, formality, anonymity, loss of humanistic values, lots of different types of people, and a market-based economy.
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76. With reference to urbanization in India, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? 1. According to the 2011 Census more than 60% of the total urban population of the country resides in Category 1 cities. 2. There were 53 urban agglomerations with a million plus population each in 2011 in the country. Select the correct answer from the codes given below : Codes: (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
[U.P. B.E.O. (Pre) 2019] Ans. (c) Both 1 and 2
- According to the 2011 Census, 468 cities in India accounted for 70.02% of the total urban population. Statement 1 is true.
- Additionally, the Census reported that there were 53 Urban Agglomerations with a population of over one million people in 2011, which made up 42.6% of the total urban population.
- Statement 2 is also accurate.
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77. According to the 2011 Census, how many million cities are there in India? (a) 35 (b) 46 (c) 53 (d) 57
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013, 2017, Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2014] Ans. (c) 53
- The 2011 Census showed that India had 53 cities with populations of one million or more.
- In 2001, there were 35 such cities.
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78. How many cities with ‘Million Plus Population’ in India (Census 2001)? (a) 39 (b) 29 (c) 49 (d) 59
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A.(Pre) 2006] Ans. (*)
- The 2011 Census showed that India had 53 cities with more than one million people.
- That was 18 more than the number of cities with one million people in 2001.
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79. As per the 2011 Census, the percentage of population of metropolitan cities to the total urban population of India was : (a) 31.16 (b) 36.48 (c) 42.61 (d) 49.20
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017] Ans. (c) 42.61
- In 2011, India had a total urban population of 377.1 million people, with 160.7 million living in 53 cities with over one million inhabitants.
- This means that around 42.6% of India’s urban population lived in these cities.
- In 2001, 37.8% of India’s urban population lived in cities with over one million people.
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80. The share of million cities to the total urban population of India (2001) is about : (a) 23 percent (b) 28 percent (c) 38 percent (d) 43 percent
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006] Ans. (c) 38 percent
- According to the 2011 Census, 377.1 million people lived in urban areas of India and 160.7 million people lived in 53 big cities (with populations of one million or more).
- This means that 42.6% of the urban population of India lived in these big cities.
- In the 2001 Census, 37.8% of the urban population of India lived in cities with one million or more inhabitants.
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81. Assertion (A): The mega-cities of India have varying rates of population growth. Reason (R): As per the 2001 census, India has four megacities. Select the correct answer from the codes given below: Codes : (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2010] Ans. (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
- Population growth rates vary among the megacities of India.
- In the Census of 2001, there were 6 mega cities in India with a population exceeding 40 lakhs.
- However, in the Census of 2011, the number of urban agglomerations (UAs) with a population above 40 lakhs increased to 9.
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82. As per the 2001 Census which one of the following is not a Megacity of India? (a) Ahmedabad (b) Chennai (c) Bangalore (d) Hyderabad
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005] Ans. (a) Ahmedabad
- In the Census of 2001, India had a total of 6 megacities, namely Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Bengaluru.
- However, in the Census of 2011, the number of urban agglomerations (UAs) with a population exceeding 40 lakhs increased to 9.
- The additional cities included Greater Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Pune, and Surat, in addition to the original set of Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, and Hyderabad.
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83. The correct sequence of metropolitan cities on the basis of population size, in descending order, as per the Census of 2001, is : (a) Delhi, Greater Mumbai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad (b) Chennai, Kolkata, Greater Mumbai, Delhi (c) Kolkata, Greater Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad (d) Greater Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Bangalore
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004] Ans. (d) Greater Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Bangalore
- Based on the Census of 2001, option (d) was the correct answer.
- However, according to the Census of 2011 (P), the urban agglomerations (UAs) in India with a population exceeding 4 million are as follows:
- Greater Mumbai with a population of 18.41 million
- Delhi with a population of 16.31 million
- Kolkata with a population of 14.11 million
- Chennai with a population of 8.70 million
- Bengaluru with a population of 8.50 million
- Hyderabad with a population of 7.74 million
- Ahmedabad with a population of 6.35 million
- Pune with a population of 5.05 million
- Surat with a population of 4.59 million
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84. As per the Census of India 2011, which of the following pairs of cities recorded the highest population? (a) Kolkata and Delhi (b) Delhi and Bengaluru (c) Mumbai and Kolkata (d) Mumbai and Delhi
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016] Ans. (d) Mumbai and Delhi
- Option (d) was the correct answer according to the Census of 2001.
- However, based on the Census of 2011 (P), the urban agglomerations (UAs) in India with a population exceeding 4 million are as follows:
- Greater Mumbai, with a population of 18.41 million, is the first UA.
- Delhi, with a population of 16.31 million, is the second UA.
- Kolkata, with a population of 14.11 million, is the third UA.
- Chennai, with a population of 8.70 million, is the fourth UA.
- Bengaluru, with a population of 8.50 million, is the fifth UA.
- Hyderabad, with a population of 7.74 million, is the sixth UA.
- Ahmedabad, with a population of 6.35 million, is the seventh UA.
- Pune, with a population of 5.05 million, is the eighth UA.
- Surat, with a population of 4.59 million, is the ninth UA.
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85. Which is the most populous city of India? (a) Kolkata (b) Chennai (c) Mumbai (d) Delhi
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007] Ans. (c) Mumbai
- In accordance with the 2001 Census, option (d) was the correct response.
- However, based on the 2011 Census (P), the subsequent urban agglomerations (UAs) in India have a population exceeding 4 million:
- Greater Mumbai, with a population of 18.41 million, ranks first.
- Delhi, with a population of 16.31 million, ranks second.
- Kolkata, with a population of 14.11 million, ranks third.
- Chennai, with a population of 8.70 million, ranks fourth.
- Bengaluru, with a population of 8.50 million, ranks fifth.
- Hyderabad, with a population of 7.74 million, ranks sixth.
- Ahmedabad, with a population of 6.35 million, ranks seventh.
- Pune, with a population of 5.05 million, ranks eighth.
- Surat, with a population of 4.59 million, ranks ninth.
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86. According to the population, which of the following sequences of cities is correct? (a) Bombay-Kolkata-Delhi-Madras (b) Kolkata-Bombay-Delhi-Madras (c) Delhi -Kolkata- Madras-Bombay (d) Delhi-Madras-Bombay-Kolkata
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993] Ans. (a) Bombay-Kolkata-Delhi-Madras
- The population of the mentioned cities, in millions, is as follows: City | 1991 | 2011 (P) Bombay | 13.7 | 18.41 Kolkata | 10.9 | 14.11 Delhi | 9.4 | 16.31 Madras | 3.8 | 8.70 Therefore, according to the given timeframe (Census 1991), option (a) was the correct answer.
- However, based on the Census of 2011, none of the given sequences is accurate.
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87. As per the 2001 Census the largest number of Million cities are in the State of : (a) Maharashtra (b) Tamil Nadu (c) Uttar Pradesh (d) West Bengal
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005] Ans. (c) Uttar Pradesh
- Based on the Census of 2001, the count of cities with a population exceeding one million in different states was as follows: Uttar Pradesh had 6 such cities, Maharashtra had 4, West Bengal had 2, and Tamil Nadu had 3.
- However, according to the Census of 2011, Uttar Pradesh and Kerala had the highest number of million-plus cities, with 7 each.
- Maharashtra followed closely with 6 cities, while Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu had 4 cities each.
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88. Which one of the following States does not have a million-plus urban agglomeration as per the 2011 Census? (a) Haryana (b) Jammu & Kashmir (c) Odisha (d) Jharkhand
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016] Ans. (c) Odisha
- According to the 2011 Census, the state of Odisha does not have any million-plus cities.
- However, there are several million-plus cities in other states.
- In Haryana, the city of Faridabad has a population of 1,404,653.
- In Jammu and Kashmir, the city of Srinagar has a population of 1,273,312.
- In the state of Jharkhand, there are three million-plus cities: Jamshedpur with a population of 1,337,131, Dhanbad with a population of 1,195,298, and Ranchi with a population of 1,126,741.
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89. Which one of the following is not a Million city in Madhya Pradesh? (a) Bhopal (b) Gwalior (c) Indore (d) Jabalpur
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2008] Ans. (b) Gwalior
- Based on the Census of 2001, Madhya Pradesh had three million-plus cities, namely Indore with a population of 16.4 lakhs, Bhopal with a population of 14.5 lakhs, and Jabalpur with a population of 11.2 lakhs.
- However, according to the Census of 2011, Gwalior also joined the list of million-plus cities in Madhya Pradesh.
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90. As per the 2001 Census, India has 35 million population cities, of which UP has : (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 6
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004] Ans. (d) 6
- Between 1991 and 2001, the number of cities with a population of more than one million people increased from 23 to 35.
- In 2001, there were 6 cities in Uttar Pradesh with a population of more than one million, including Varanasi, Kanpur, Agra, Lucknow, Meerut and Allahabad (now Prayagraj).
- In 2011, there were 7 cities in Uttar Pradesh with a population of more than one million.
- Kanpur — 29.20 lakh
- Lucknow — 29.01 lakh
- Ghaziabad — 23.58 lakh
- Agra — 17.46 lakh
- Varanasi — 14.35 lakh
- Meerut — 14.24 lakh
- Allahabad (Now Prayagraj) — 12.16 lakh
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91. Which of the following statements is false : (a) According to the 2001 Census, there are 35 million population cities in India. (b) Mumbai is the largest million-population city in the country. (c) KAVAL towns are the only million-population cities in Uttar Pradesh. (d) North-Eastern States have no million-population city.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004] Ans. (c) KAVAL towns are the only million-population cities in Uttar Pradesh.
- From 1991 to 2001, the number of cities with a population of over one million went up from 23 to 35.
- According to the 2001 Census, Uttar Pradesh had 6 cities with a population of over one million, which were Varanasi, Kanpur, Agra, Lucknow, Meerut and Allahabad (now Prayagraj).
- The 2011 Census reported that there are now 7 Metropolitan (million) cities in Uttar Pradesh, which are:
- 1.Kanpur — 29.20 lakh
- 2. Lucknow — 29.01 lakh
- 3. Ghaziabad — 23.58 lak
- 4. Agra — 17.46 lakh 5
- . Varanasi — 14.35 lakh
- 6. Meerut — 14.24 lakh
- 7. Allahabad (Now Prayagraj) — 12.16 lakh
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92. As per Census 2011, the number of ‘Daslakhi (Million) cities in Uttar Pradesh is : (a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 10 (d) 11
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015] Ans. (b) 7
- Between 1991 and 2001, the number of cities with a population over one million went up from 23 to 35.
- In 2001, Uttar Pradesh had 6 cities with a population of more than one million: Varanasi, Kanpur, Agra, Lucknow, Meerut and Allahabad (now Prayagraj).
- By 2011, there were 7 cities in Uttar Pradesh with a population of over one million.
- Kanpur — 29.20 lakh
- Lucknow — 29.01 lakh
- Ghaziabad — 23.58 lakh
- Agra — 17.46 lakh
- Varanasi — 14.35 lakh
- Meerut — 14.24 lakh
- Allahabad (Now Prayagraj) — 12.16 lakh
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93. Arrange the following million cities of Uttar Pradesh in ascending order of their population size : 1. Agra 2. Allahabad 3. Meerut 4. Lucknow Use the codes given below to select the correct answer. Codes: (a) 1, 3, 2, 4 (b) 4, 2, 1, 3 (c) 2, 1, 4, 3 (d) 2, 3, 1, 4
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2010] Ans. (d) 2, 3, 1, 4
- According to the 2011 Census (P), Lucknow is the largest city out of the four with a population of 2,901,474. Agra is the second largest at 1,746,467, followed by Meerut at 1,424,908 and Allahabad (now Prayagra).
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94. Select the correct answer from the codes given below in terms of the population (2011) of the following urban centres in descending order: Urban Centres 1. Meerut 2. Ghaziabad 3. Agra 4. Varanasi Codes : (a) 1, 3, 4, 2 (b) 2, 3, 4, 1 (c) 4, 2, 1, 3 (d) 3, 2, 1, 4
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015] Ans. (b) 2, 3, 4, 1
- According to the 2011 Census, the cities with the highest populations are Ghaziabad (2358525), Agra (1746467), Varanasi (1435113), and Meerut (1424908).
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95. Which of the following are among the million-plus cities in India on the basis of data of the Census 2001? 1. Ludhiyana 2. Kochi 3. Surat 4. Nagpur Select the correct answer using the code given below : (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only (c) 1 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 [I.A.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
- Based on the Census 2001, 35 cities in India had populations of more than one million people.
- The numbers of people living in these cities were recorded as follows.
- Ludhiana — 1398467
- Kochi — 1355972
- Surat — 2811614
- Nagpur — 2129500
- The 2001 Census showed that each of the four cities had a population of over ten lakhs.
- In 2011, Census data showed that there were 53 cities in India with more than one million people, including these four.
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96. According to the Census of India 2011, the last rank amongst the million cities of the country is of : (a) Surat (b) Kota (c) Mangalore (d) Allahabad
[U.P. P.C.S (Mains) 2016] Ans. (b) Kota
- According to the 2011 India Census, Kota (Rajasthan) is the lowest populated city in the list of 53 million cities in the nation, with a population of 1,001,365.
- Even though Mangalore has the least population of 476,000, it is not included in the list of million cities.
- City populations are as follows: Surat 4,585,367; Allahabad (Now Prayagraj) 1216719 (Kota )1001365 (Mangalore) 476000.
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97. The smallest million city of India is : (a) Amritsar (b) Allahabad (c) Rajkot (d) Vijayawada
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007] Ans. (c) Rajkot
- According to the 2001 Census, Rajkot was the city with the smallest population of 1 million people out of the given cities.
- The 2011 Census revealed that Kota (Rajasthan) was the smallest million city in India, with a population of 1,001,365.
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98. Which one of the following States of India has a million cities as per the 2001 Census Report? (a) Assam (b) Jharkhand (c) Chhattisgarh (d) Odisha
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006] Ans. (b) Jharkhand
- According to the Census 2001, Jharkhand had two cities, Dhanbad and Jamshedpur, with a population of one million or more, while Assam, Chhattisgarh and Odisha did not have any million cities.
- However, the Census 2011 showed that Jharkhand had three million cities (Ranchi, Dhanbad and Jamshedpur) and Chhattisgarh has one (Raipur) million city, while there are not any million cities in Odisha and Assam.
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99. The Indian State devoid of a million City is : (a) Haryana (b) Jharkhand (c) Kerala (d) Odisha
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008] Ans. (d) Odisha
- According to Census 2001, Jharkhand had two million cities, Dhanbad and Jamshedpur. Assam, Chhattisgarh and Odisha had no million cities.
- However, Census 2011 showed that Jharkhand had three million cities (Ranchi, Dhanbad and Jamshedpur) and Chhattisgarh had one million city (Raipur).
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100. Which of the following was the first million cities in the country according to the 1901 Census? (a) Chennai (b) Delhi (c) Kolkata (d) Mumbai
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2002] Ans. (c) Kolkata
- At the 1901 Census, Kolkata had a population of around 1.51 million, making it the only city in India with a population of over one million.
- In 1981, there were 12 million cities in the country, 23 in 1991 and 35 in 2001.
- By 2011, the number of cities with a population of over one million had increased to 53.
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101. Which of the following metros has the highest sex ratio? (a) Mumbai (b) Kolkata (c) Chennai (d) Delhi
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002, 2003] Ans. (c) Chennai
- The amount of women for every 1000 men is shown as the sex ratio.
- The sex ratio of the given metropolitan areas is as follows: In 2001 and 2011, Chennai had 957 and 985 women for every 1000 men respectively
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102. Uttar Pradesh recorded the highest growth rate of urban population during : (a) 1961-71 (b) 1971-81 (c) 1981-91 (d) 1991-2001
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009] Ans. (b) 1971-81
- Uttar Pradesh saw an increase in its urban population over the decades 1961-2011.
- The growth rate was highest in the decade 1971-81 (60.89%), and lowest in the decade 2001-2011 (28.75%).
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103. According to the provisional figures of Census 2011 of India, the density of population is the highest in which of the following cities of U.P.? (a) Kanpur Nagar (b) Lucknow (c) Moradabad (d) Ghaziabad
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012] Ans. (d) Ghaziabad
- The population of Ghaziabad is the highest in Uttar Pradesh, according to the 2011 Census.
- The population density in Ghaziabad is 3971 people per square kilometer.
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104. Which one of the following statements is not true? (a) Today nearly 28% of India’s population resides in towns. (b) The year 1921 is the great division in the demographic history of India. (c) Mumbai is the most populous metropolis of India. (d) There are only 5 million plus cities in Uttar Pradesh.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005] Ans. (d) There are only 5 million plus cities in Uttar Pradesh.
- According to the 2001 Census, 27.8% of India’s population was living in cities (increased to 31.2% in the 2011 Census).
- 1921 is known as the year of the demographic divide since it is the only year where population growth decreased.
- Since then, there has been a steady increase in India’s population.
- Mumbai is the most populated city in India, with 18.4 million people in 2011.
- According to the provisional data of the 2011 Census, there are 64 cities in Uttar Pradesh with a population of over one lakh.
- In 2001, Uttar Pradesh had 6 cities with a population of more than one million, which increased to seven million in 2011.
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105. Which of the following statements is correct? 1. The Northern cities of India have in general, an unbalanced sex ratio. 2. The eastern cities are scattered as against the concentration of western cities. 3. There is a larger participation of women in the labour force in the South due to the small proportion of Christians in the population as well as the high literacy rate. 4. Western cities have a lower proportion of immigrants from rural areas. Select the correct answer from the codes given below: Codes : (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4 (c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1, 3 and 4
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2010] Ans. (c) 1, 2 and 4
- In northern India, there are usually more men than women in the population.
- Western cities are usually more densely populated than eastern cities, and there is less migration from rural areas to western cities.
- Statements 1, 2 and 4 are true. Statement 3 is false because the number of women in the workforce is connected to education levels, but not to the number of Christians.
- Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.
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106. Consider the following statements : 1. Uttar Pradesh is not known as a State having longest road length in India. 2. Reserve Bank of India sanctions exchange for import of goods. 3. Urbanization is characterized by migration of people from rural areas to urban areas. 4. Indus Project was the joint project of the Labour Departments of India and Canada. Which of these statements are correct? (a) Only 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 and 3 (c) Only 1, 2 and 4 (d) Only 1, 2 and .3
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013] Ans. (d) Only 1, 2 and .3
- Maharashtra had the highest road length in India, with 12.49% of the total roads, followed by Uttar Pradesh (8.57%) and Karnataka (7.22%) in 2017.
- The Reserve Bank of India allows money exchange for the import of goods.
- People moving from rural to urban areas is a common part of urbanization.
- The Indus project was a combined effort between the Indian Government Department of Labour and the United States. Therefore, option (d) is the right answer.
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107. According to Philip M. Hauser, the migration of people from rural areas to urban areas is known by which one of the following names : (a) Population Disposal (b) Population Implosion (c) Population Technoplosion (d) Population Pariplosion
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2003] Ans. (b) Population Implosion
- Philip M. Hauser came up with three terms to describe population changes: ‘Population Implosion’ for the movement of people from rural to urban areas; ‘Population Disposal’ for the diverse ethnic mix in cities; and ‘Population Explosion’ for rapid population growth.
- He also created ‘Population Technoplosion’ for the growth of technology and the effects it has on people’s lives.
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108. Among the following whose name is associated with migration theory? (a) Notestein (b) Thompson (c) Lee (d) Doubleday
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017] Ans. (c) Lee
- Lee’s name is linked to migration theory, which states that people move due to two main reasons – push factors (unfavourable elements of the area one is currently in) and pull factors (attractive elements of another area).
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109. Assertion (A): All cities are expanding rapidly. Reason (R): Village-City flow is increasing continuously. Select the correct answer from the codes given below: Codes : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct explanation of A. (c) A is true, but R is false. (d) A is false, but R is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998] Ans. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- In 1901, only 11% of India’s population lived in cities, but by 2011, that number had risen to 31.1%. In 1931, there were 2.78 million people living in cities with populations of 100,000 or more, but by 2011, that number had grown to 377 million.
- The main cause of this quick urban growth was people moving from villages to cities.
- Thus, both the statement and the reason behind it are correct.
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110. Consider the following statements and select the correct answer from the codes given below: Assertion (A): In India, rural-to-urban migration of the population constitutes the largest share. Reason (R): Rural-to-rural migration is mainly the women migration. Codes : (a) Both (A) and (B) are correct and (R) explains (A). (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) does not explain (A). (c) (A) is true but (R) is false. (d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017] Ans. (d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
- People move from one place to another.
- This is called migration.
- There are four types of internal migration: rural to urban, urban to rural, rural to rural, and urban to urban.
- In India, the percentage of people who migrate internally went up from 30% in 2001 to 37% in 2011.
- Most of the migration in India is between rural areas (47.4%), followed by urban to urban (22.6%), rural to urban (22.1%), and urban to rural (7.9%).
- Women usually migrate from rural to rural areas, and marriage is usually the main reason why. So, the statement (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
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111. Which one of the following types of migration has contributed most in population movement in India in 2011? (a) Rural to rural (b) Urban to rural (c) Rural to urban (d) Urban to Urban
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018] Ans. (a) Rural to rural
- People are moving from one place to another. This is called migration.
- There are four types of migration in India: rural to urban, urban to rural, rural to rural, and urban to urban. From 2001 to 2011, the number of people migrating in India increased from 30% to 37%.
- The majority of migration in India is between rural to rural areas (47.4%), followed by urban to urban areas (22.6%), rural to urban areas (22.1%), and urban to rural areas (7.9%).
- Women migrating from rural to rural areas is mostly due to marriage.
- Therefore, statement A is not true but statement R is true.
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112. During the last 30 years Delhi has received the highest number of migrants from : (a) Haryana (b) Punjab (c) Rajasthan (d) Uttar Pradesh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005] Ans. (d) Uttar Pradesh
- For the past three decades, Delhi has had the most people move to it from Uttar Pradesh.
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113. Urban corridors are concerned with : (a) Expanding urban functions (b) Urban transport hazards (c) Rural-urban fringe (d) Counter-urbanization
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009] Ans. (a) Expanding urban functions
- Urbanization that deals with ‘Urban Corridors’ is focused on increasing the amount of activities and services in cities by improving transportation.
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114. The causes of urbanization are : 1. Rural-urban imbalance 2. Lack of Job opportunities in rural areas 3. Non-growing nature of the agricultural land 4. Magnetic features of cities Select the correct answer from the codes given below: Codes : (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) All of the above
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003] Ans. (d) All of the above
- The four reasons mentioned in the question are all factors that contribute to urbanization.
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115. Assertion (A): In India, the increase in crime has gone up with an increase in urbanization and industrialization.Reason (R): Industrial-urban economy causes family and cultural disorganization. Select the correct answer from the codes given below: Codes : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (c) A is true, but R is false. (d) A is false, but R is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2002] Ans. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Urban growth and industrialization, plus a fast-growing population in cities, causes many social problems.
- This is because people don’t have enough resources, which makes them feel deprived.
- This can also break down traditional and cultural family values.
- Therefore, both statements are true and the second statement explains the first one.
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116. Increasing Urbanization generates : 1. Increase in slum population of metropolitan cities. 2. Increasing concentration of population in large urban centres. 3. Rapid decline in quantity and quality of services in urban areas. 4. Fast upgrade of infrastructure facilities. Select the correct answer from the codes given below: Codes : (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4 (c) 1, 2, and 4 (d) All the four
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001] Ans. (a) 1, 2 and 3
- More and more people are moving to cities, causing the population to swell fast.
- This leads to more people living in and around cities, and fewer people living in rural areas.
- The sudden growth of population in cities also leads to a decrease in the quality and quantity of services available.
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117. Consider the following statements and select the correct answer from the codes given below: 1. Maharashtra is the most urbanized State in the country. 2. Urban growth is transforming coastal area into concrete forest. 3. The country’s largest city is being built between Mumbai and Ahmedabad. 4. Cities are full of slums and highly polluted. Codes : (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1, 3 and 4 (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 3 and 4
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008] Ans. (c) 2, 3 and 4
- The 2001 and 2011 Census showed that Goa had the highest percentage of people living in urban areas out of all the states in India, while Maharashtra had the largest amount of people living in urban areas.
- All the other statements are true, so option (c) is the correct answer.
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118. Assertion (A): The roots of urban poverty in India lie in rural areas.Reason (R): Rural areas have low levels of literacy. Select the correct answer from the codes given below: Codes : (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false. (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010] Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- People from rural areas who come to cities to find work often have low levels of education, and so they do lower-quality jobs and have a hard life.
- These people make up a large part of the people living in poverty in cities.
- Both the statement and the reason behind it are correct.
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119. The percentage of population living in slums is highest in : (a) Chennai (b) Delhi (c) Kolkata (d) Mumbai
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002] Ans. (d) Mumbai
- Mumbai had the most people living in slums out of the total population, according to the survey.
- The 2011 Census showed that 41.3 percent of households in Mumbai were living in slums, which is the highest in India.
- The total slum population in India was 65,494,604, which is 5.4 percent of the total population and 17.4 percent of the total urban population.
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120. Which one of the following cities has the largest slum population? (a) Bangalore (b) Chennai (c) Delhi (d) Surat
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011] Ans. (c) Delhi
- The 2001 Census showed that Mumbai had the biggest slum population of all Indian cities (6.5 million people). It was followed by Delhi (1.9 million), Kolkata (1.5 million) and Chennai (0.8 million).
- According to the 2011 Census, the percentage of slum households in the four metro cities was: Mumbai-41.3%, Kolkata-29.6%, Chennai-28.5% and Delhi-14.6%.
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121. Arrange the following States of India in descending order of their slum population. Use the codes given below to select the correct answer : 1. Andhra Pradesh 2. Maharashtra 3. Uttar Pradesh 4. West Bengal Codes : (a) 2, 1, 4, 3 (b) 2, 3, 4, 1 (c) 3, 2, 1, 4 (d) 4, 2, 3, 1
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009] Ans. (a) 2, 1, 4, 3
- According to the Census 2011, the five States/UTs with the most people living in slums are Maharashtra (18.1%), Andhra Pradesh (15.6%), West Bengal (9.8%), Uttar Pradesh (9.5%) and Tamil Nadu (8.9%).
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122. In India, a maximum number of cities reporting slums are found in : (a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Maharashtra (c) Tamil Nadu (d) Uttar Pradesh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007] Ans. (c) Tamil Nadu
- The Census 2011 showed that the five states/territories with the most cities where slums were reported were Tamil Nadu with 507, Madhya Pradesh with 303, Uttar Pradesh with 293, Karnataka with 206, and Maharashtra with 189.
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123. India Urban Observatory is situated at which one of the following places? (a) Dehradun (b) New Delhi (c) Chandigarh (d) Varanasi
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021] Ans. (b) New Delhi
- Urban areas are growing quickly.
- To ensure that these cities are livable and develop in a sustainable way, evidence-based planning and policymaking are needed.
- To help with this, the India Urban Observatory (IUO) was created in the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs office in Delhi.
- IUO acts as a data analysis and management centre and brings people and institutions together with the same goal of using data to empower communities.
- IUO also includes information from fields such as transportation, water, wastewater, sanitation, solid waste management, housing, environment, education and health.
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124. Which one of the following does not consist of urban infrastructure? (a) Drinking water (b) Housing (c) Sanitation (d) Transport
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004] Ans. (b) Housing
- Water, toilets, and transportation are part of the city’s setup, but housing isn’t included.
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125. Which of the following is not a new scheme announced for the development of Urban Infrastructure? (a) Swachh Bharat Mission (b) Heritage City Development and Augmentation Scheme (c) Smart City Scheme (d) Digital India Scheme
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016] Ans. (d) Digital India Scheme
- The Government of India has introduced new initiatives for improving urban infrastructure, such as the Swachh Bharat Mission, Heritage City Development and Augmentation Scheme (HRIDAY) and Smart City Scheme.
- Additionally, the Digital India Scheme is a plan developed to modernize public services by utilizing technology and making India a knowledge-based economy.
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126. The Finance Minister of India while presenting the Budget Proposals for 2005-06 before the Parliament, announced the decision for the formation of : (a) Rural Development Commission (b) Administrative Reforms Commission (c) National Development Fund (d) Urban Renewal Mission
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005] Ans. (d) Urban Renewal Mission
- The Indian Finance Minister presented the Budget Proposals for 2005-06 to Parliament and said that they would establish a National Urban Renewal Mission covering seven large cities and towns with more than one million people.
- They proposed an expenditure of Rs. 5500 crore for this mission and it was named Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM).
- It was officially launched in December 2005.
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127. The National Urban Renewal Mission has been named after : (a) Indira Gandhi (b) Jawaharlal Nehru (c) Rajendra Prasad (d) Rajiv Gandhi
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004] Ans. (b) Jawaharlal Nehru
- The Finance Minister of India announced that the government will be forming the National Urban Renewal Mission.
- It will cover seven large cities with populations of over a million people, as well as some other towns.
- A budget of Rs. 5500 crore was proposed for this mission, and it was officially launched in December 2005 as the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM).
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128. Which one of the following is not an objective of JNNURM? (a) Urban Electrification (b) Urban Transport (c) Development of Heritage area (d) Sanitation and Sewage
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010] Ans. (a) Urban Electrification
- In December 2005, the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) was started.
- This initiative was meant to last for seven years and aimed to improve urban infrastructure and build a lot of houses, while also providing basic services to the disadvantaged.
- JNNURM was divided into two sub-missions: one to upgrade water and sanitation, roads, transportation, and other city amenities; and the other to improve settlements for the poor.
- Electricity did not fall under JNNURM’s scope.
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129. Which one of the following is not true for Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission? It was : (a) launched in 2005 (b) a 10-year programme (c) to upgrade the quality of life in Indian cities (d) to promote inclusive growth
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013] Ans. (b) a 10-year programme
- In December 2005, the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) was put into effect.
- This was a 7-year plan dedicated to improving urban infrastructure, building more houses, and providing basic services to the poor.
- JNNURM was divided into two parts: one was to focus on improving things like water supply, sanitation, roads, and urban transport; the other was to focus on developing slums.
- Electricity was not directly related to JNNURM.
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130. JNNURM is concerned with improving which of the following? (a) Rural Housing (b) Urban and Rural Marketing Structure (c) Employment to Educated Persons (d) Urban Infrastructure
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl.) (Pre) 2010] Ans. (d) Urban Infrastructure
- The JNNURM has two parts: Urban Infrastructure & Governance, and Basic Services to the Urban Poor.
- Its goal is to make cities more efficient and productive and to provide better services to people living in poverty.
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131. The revenue from which water and sewage will be financed in the Smart Cities Mission is : (a) Entertainment tax (b) Octrai and Entry tax (c) Education tax (d) Property tax
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015] Ans. (d) Property tax
- For the Smart City Mission, money to pay for water and sewage will come from property tax.
- From 2015 to 2020, the goal was to make 100 smart cities. As of 2019, 100 cities have been chosen, including 10 in Phase 5.
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132. Which one of the following is not the objective of smart city development? (a) Good governance (b) Clean green city (c) Stabilizing quality of life (d) Smart mobility
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017] Ans. (c) Stabilizing quality of life
- The Smart Cities Mission aims to make cities provide essential services and a better quality of life for citizens, a clean and healthy environment, and the use of smart technology.
- The key components of a smart city are adequate water and power, sanitation and waste management, transportation, housing, IT and digital services, good governance, a green environment, safety, health, and education.
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133. Match the following :
| List-I |
List-II |
| (Year) |
(Committee) |
| A. 1949 – 51 |
1. Local Finance Enquiry Committee |
| B. 1953 – 54 |
2. Taxation Enquiry Commission |
| C. 1963 – 66 |
3. Rural-Urban Relationship Committee |
| D. 1985 – 88 |
4. National Commission on Urbanization |
Codes : A B C D (a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 2 3 4 1 (c) 3 4 1 2 (d) 4 3 2 1 [J.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) 1 2 3 4
- Here are the correct matches: Local Finance Enquiry Committee in 1949-51, Taxation Enquiry Commission in 1953-54, Rural-Urban Relationship Committee in 1963-66, and National Commission on Urbanization in 1985-88.
- Therefore, (a) is the correct answer.
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