101. In India, the Public Sector is most dominant in :
(a) steel production
(b) organized term-lending financial institutions
(c) transport
(d) commercial banking
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (d) commercial banking
- Public Sector Banks (PSBs) are the most powerful players in the banking industry in India.
- In 1991, PSBs had a 90% share of the banking sector.
- According to RBI data, in 2015 PSBs had 74.28% of the credit and 76.26% of the deposit market.
- This figure has gone down to 59.8% of the credit and 64.75% of the deposit market in 2020, but PSBs are still the most important players in the banking sector.
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102. Which of the following is not a public sector undertaking/enterprise?
(a) N.T.P.C.
(b) S.A.I.L.
(c) B.H.E.L.
(d) T.I.S.C.O.
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (d) T.I.S.C.O.
- Tata Steel was formerly called the Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO).
- It is a part of the Tata Group and produces a large amount of steel each year, which is about 34 million tonnes.
- It was first established in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand in 1907 and is not a public sector enterprise, unlike companies such as NTPC, SAIL and BHEL which are called Maharatna CPSEs.
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103. Which is not a Public enterprise?
(a) Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Bhopal
(b) Ordnance Factory, Jabalpur
(c) Alkaloid Factory, Neemuch
(d) Leather Factory, Gwalior
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (d) Leather Factory, Gwalior
- The Leather Factory in Gwalior is not a government-owned business, unlike the other three that are.
- It offers cell phone and internet services all across India, and is under the ownership of the Department of Telecommunications in the Indian Government.
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104. Which one of the following is not of the same category :
(a) SAIL
(b) BHEL
(c) ONGC
(d) ESSAR OIL
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (d) ESSAR OIL
- Essar Oil (now Nayara Energy) was a private company.
- In 2017, it was bought by Rosneft and an investment group including Trafigura and UCP Investment Group.
- In 2021, Nayara Energy was listed as the 31st largest company in the Fortune India 500.
- SAIL, BHEL and ONGC are all public sector organisations.
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105. The Government holding in BPCL is :
(a) more than 70%
(b) between 60% and 70%
(c) between 50% and 60%
(d) less than 50%
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) between 50% and 60%
- Bharat Petroleum, formerly known as BPCL, is one of the major companies in the oil and gas sector in India, and is owned by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India.
- In the specified period, the government’s share of the company was 66.2%, and currently it is at 52.98%.
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106. Which of the following are the public sector undertakings of the Government of India?
1. Balmer Lawrie and Company Ltd.
2. Dredging Corporation of India
3. Educational Consultants of India Ltd.
Codes :
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 only
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) 1 and 3 only
- The correct answer to the question was option (d) at the time, but now option (c) is the correct answer.
- Here is more information about the mentioned enterprises:
- Balmer Lawrie is a Public Sector Enterprise under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas in India.
- The Dredging Corporation of India was formed in 1976 to offer dredging services to major ports in India, and in 2018 it was taken over by a consortium of 4 major ports. EdCIL (India) Limited, formerly known as Educational Consultants India Limited, is a Mini Ratna Category-1 CPSE under the control of the Ministry of Education in India.
- It was established in 1981.
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107. Which among the following are in the Private Sector?
1. Bongaigaon Refinery
2. Mangalore Refinery
3. Haldia Refinery
4. ESSAR Oil Ltd.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Codes :
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 2 and 4
(d) 1 and 4
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (c) 2 and 4
- Option (c) might be the right answer, but currently, out of the given options only ESSAR Oil Ltd. (now Nayara Energy) is a private company and the other three, Bongaigaon refinery, Haldia refinery and Mangalore refinery, are public sector undertakings.
- The Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL) was formed in 1987 by a joint venture between the public sector HPCL and the AV Birla Group.
- The Haldia Refinery is one of the two refineries of Indian Oil Group Companies that produces Lube Oil Base Stocks (LOBS) and was opened in 1975.
- The Bongaigaon Refinery (BGR) is the 8th refinery of Indian Oil.
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108. Which of the following oil refinery is in the private sector?
(a) Digboi Oil Refinery
(b) Barauni Oil Refinery
(c) Noonmati Oil Refinery
(d) Mathura Oil Refinery
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (a) Digboi Oil Refinery
- Currently, out of 23 refineries in India, 18 are owned and operated by the government, 3 are owned by private companies, and two are jointly owned by both the government and private companies.
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109. HAL is related to manufacturing of :
(a) Telecommunication equipments
(b) Aircrafts
(c) Space missiles
(d) War missiles
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Aircrafts
- Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is an Indian company owned by the government that makes planes and other defence products.
- It was started in 1940 by Walchand Hirachand in Bangalore (Bengaluru).
- In 1947, the government took control of the company and changed the name to Hindustan Aeronautics Limited in 1 October 1964.
- It focuses mainly on making aircrafts.
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110. Which of the following is related with the field of electricity generation?
(a) M.M.T.C.
(b) M.T.N.L.
(c) N.C.L.
(d) N.H.P.C.
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (d) N.H.P.C.
- NHPC stands for National Hydroelectric Corporation, which is a company that focuses on generating electricity.
- It is the biggest company in India for hydropower development and it is able to do all the work necessary for setting up hydro products.
- Additionally, NHPC has branched out to solar and wind power.
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111. The development of tourism and hotel industry in India is the function of :
(a) I.A.A.I.
(b) I.T.D.C.
(c) I.T.C.
(d) H.I.C.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (b) I.T.D.C.
- ITDC was formed in October 1966 and has been working to improve, promote, and increase tourism and the hotel industry in India.
- As of March 31st 2021, the Government of India owns 87.03% of ITDC.
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112. In which of the following years was the BSNL established?
(a) 2000
(b) 2001
(c) 2002
(d) 2003
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (a) 2000
- BSNL was started in 2000 when the Department of Telecom Services was changed into a corporation.
- It provides telephone services and internet connections all over India and is owned by the Department of Telecommunications of the Indian Government.
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113. In which one of the following Public Sector Enterprises the Government has 100% equity ?
(a) BSNL
(b) NTPC
(c) BHEL
(d) State Bank of India
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (a) BSNL
- BSNL is a company owned completely by the Indian Government.
- It has an official share capital of 17,500 crores and a paid up capital of 12,500 crores, which includes 5,000 crores of equity and 7,500 crores of preference share capital.
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114. Which among the following was not the profit making central public sector enterprise during 2013-14?
(a) ONGC
(b) NTPC
(c) IOC
(d) BSNL
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (d) BSNL
- When the question was asked, according to the 2018-19 data, only BSNL out of the public sector enterprises was not making a profit.
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115. Which Central Public Enterprise has borne loss in India in the year 2014-15?
(a) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC)
(b) National Mineral Development Corporation
(c) Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd.
(d) Coal India Ltd.
(e) None of these
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (c) Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd.
- In 2014-15, the three most unprofitable Central Public Enterprises (CPSEs) were :
- Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd.
- Air India Ltd.
- Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd.
- The Department of Public Enterprises, Ministry of Finance released the Public Enterprises Survey (2019-20) in 2021.
- It showed that the top 5 loss making Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) in 2019-20 were :
- Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd.
- Air India Ltd.
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd.
- Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd.
- Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd.
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116. The Gas Authority of India Ltd. has planned to invest Rs. 8,000 crores for laying pipelines from :
(a) Vijayawada to Mathura
(b) Vijayawada to Vijaipur
(c) Cochin to Hazira
(d) Hazira to Jagdishpur
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (b) Vijayawada to Vijaipur
- GAIL India, a state gas utility, proposed in 2009 to spend 8 billion rupees to build a 1,100 km pipeline from Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh to Vijaypur in Madhya Pradesh.
- The pipeline at Vijaypur would be connected to GAIL’s cross-country Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur pipeline.
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117. Which amongst the following now decide the oil-prices in India?
(a) Ministry of Finance
(b) Respective State Governments
(c) Ministry of Petroleum
(d) Oil companies
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re.Exam) 2015]
Ans. (d) Oil companies
- The Government has allowed petrol and diesel prices to be determined by the market since June 26, 2010 and October 19, 2014, respectively.
- Since then, the Public Sector Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) have been making decisions on the pricing of petrol and diesel based on international product prices, exchange rate, taxes, shipping costs, and other related factors.
- Since 2017, the OMCs have been adjusting prices daily based on the average of 15-day product prices.
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118. The concept of ‘Navratna’ is associated with :
(a) selected categories of technical manpower
(b) selected export-oriented units
(c) selected food-processing industries
(d) Selected public Sector Enterprises
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (d) Selected public Sector Enterprises
- The term ‘Navratna’ refers to certain Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs).
- In 1997, the Indian government gave this distinction to nine CPSEs in order to give them more freedom to compete in the international market.
- Nowadays, the Indian government categorizes CPSEs into three tiers:
- Miniratna
- Navratna
- Maharatna
- This categorization is based on yearly factors such as turnover, net worth, and net profit.
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119. Which of the following does not enjoy ‘Maharatna’ status (as on February 2013)?
(a) Steel Authority of India Limited
(b) Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited
(c) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited
(d) Oil India Limited
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl.) (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (d) Oil India Limited
- Oil India Limited (OIL) is controlled by the Indian government’s Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
- As of February 2022, there are 11 Maharatna, 13 Navratna and 74 Miniratna (62 in Category I and 12 in Category-II) Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) in India.
- List of Maharatna CPSEs (As on February, 2022) :
- Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)
- GAIL (India) Limited
- Coal India Limited (CIL)
- Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL)
- NTPC Limited
- Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)
- Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC)
- Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL)
- Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL)
- Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (PGCIL)
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd. (PFCL)
- Note : PFC Ltd. was given the prestigious Maharatna Company status on 12 October, 2021.
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120. Which of the following Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSE) does not fall under the category of ‘Maharatna’ listed (January 2020) by the Department of Public Enterprises, Government of India?
(a) Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
(b) Coal India Limited
(c) Indian Oil Corporation Limited
(d) Oil India Limited
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (d) Oil India Limited
- Oil India Limited (OIL) is controlled by the Indian government’s Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
- As of February 2022, there are 11 Maharatna, 13 Navratna and 74 Miniratna (62 in Category I and 12 in Category-II) Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) in India.
- List of Maharatna CPSEs :
- Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)
- GAIL (India) Limited
- Coal India Limited (CIL)
- Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL)
- NTPC Limited
- Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)
- Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC)
- Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL)
- Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL)
- Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (PGCIL)
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd. (PFCL)
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121. In the financial year 2010-11, the Government of India announced a ‘Maharatna’ scheme for giving more autonomy and power to expand to some of its ‘Navratnas’. Which among the following was not given Maharatna status ?
(a) Oil India
(b) NTPC
(c) SAIL
(d) Indian Oil Corporation
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (a) Oil India
- Oil India Limited (OIL) is a company controlled by the Indian government’s Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
- As of February 2022, there are 11 Maharatna, 13 Navratna, and 74 Miniratna (62 in Category I and 12 in Category-II) Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) in India.
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122. Which of the following Indian public sector undertaking has not received the ‘Maharatna’ status given to four ‘Navratna’ companies?
(a) SAIL
(b) BEL
(c) ONGC
(d) NTPC
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) BEL
- The correct answer is Bharat Electronics Limited.
- List of Maharatna Companies in India 2022 :
- Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
- Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited
- Coal India Limited
- GAIL (India) Limited
- Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- NTPC Limited
- Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited
- Power Grid Corporation of India Limited
- Steel Authority of India Limited
- List of Navratna Companies in India 2022 :
- Bharat Electronics Limited
- Container Corporation of India Limited
- Engineers India Limited
- Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
- Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited
- National Aluminium Company Limited
- NBCC (India) Limited
- NMDC Limited
- NLC India Limited
- Oil India Limited
- Power Finance Corporation Limited
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited
- Rural Electrification Corporation Limited
- Shipping Corporation of India Limited
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123. As on October 2019, how many Maharatna Companies are in India?
(a) 08
(b) 09
(c) 10
(d) 12
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (c) 10
- Option (c) is the correct answer to the question.
- Currently, there are 11 Maharatna Companies in India (as of February 2022).
- Here is an explanation of the question.
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124. Which of the following is included in ‘Navratna’?
(a) Coal India
(b) Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
(c) Bharat Electronics Limited
(d) Gas Authority of India Limited
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) Bharat Electronics Limited
- List of Navratna CPSEs (as on February, 2022) :
- Bharat Electronics Limited
- Container Corporation of India Limited
- Engineers India Limited
- Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
- Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited
- National Aluminium Company Limited
- National Building Construction Corporation Limited
- NMDC Limited
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited
- Oil India Limited
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited
- Rural Electrification Corporation Limited
- Shipping Corporation of India Limited.
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125. The Public Sector undertaking included in ‘Navratna’ is
(a) SAIL
(b) GAIL
(c) MTNL
(d) All of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (c) MTNL
- Currently, MTNL is a government-owned company that has been given the status of Navratna, while GAIL and SAIL are given the status of Maharatna.
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126. Which one of the following public sector undertakings has not been accorded status of ‘Navratna’?
(a) Indian Aluminium Company Limited
(b) Powergrid Corporation of India
(c) Rural Electrification Corporation
(d) Steel Authority of India Ltd.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (a) Indian Aluminium Company Limited
- Indian Aluminium Company Limited, which is a private company, was not given the ‘Navratna’ status.
- However, the other three companies were given the status.
- Currently, SAIL and Power Grid Corporation of India are ‘Maharatna’ category companies, whereas Rural Electrification Corporation is in the ‘Navratna’ category.
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127. Which one of the following Aluminium Companies has been given ‘Navratna Status’ by the Government of India?
(a) NALCO
(b) BALCO
(c) HINDALCO
(d) MALCO
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) NALCO
- NALCO was created in 1981 and has its headquarters in Bhubaneswar.
- It is a Navratna CPSE that has operations in mining, metals and power under the Ministry of Mines in India.
- The Government of India owns 51.28% of NALCO.
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128. What was the maximum amount which has been provided as financial autonomy by the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises of Union Government to the ‘Mini Ratna’, Category-I?
(a) Rs. 250 crore
(b) Rs. 350 crore
(c) Rs. 400 crore
(d) Rs. 500 crore
[53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (d) Rs. 500 crore
- Companies with Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) that have made a profit for the last three years, with a pre-tax profit of at least Rs.30 crore in one of those years and a positive net worth, can be considered for Miniratna-I status.
- Miniratna-I CPSEs, with certain conditions, have the freedom to invest up to Rs.500 crore in a project without needing government approval.
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129. Six more Public Sector Undertakings have been accorded status of Miniratna by the Government of India (September 2006). Choose the one which is not included amongst them from the following :
(a) Bharat Sanchar Nigam
(b) Indian Telephone Industries
(c) Hindustan Latex
(d) Rashtriya Ispat
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans.(b) Indian Telephone Industries
- On September 19, 2006, six Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) were given the title of Miniratna by the Government of India.
- These six companies are :
- BSNL
- BEML
- HLL Lifecare Ltd. (formerly Hindustan Latex Ltd.)
- Engineering Project India Ltd.
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL)
- Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers
- Indian Telephone Industries is not part of the Miniratna group. Currently,
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130. Match the following :
| (Govt. Promotion Policy) |
(Policy Year) |
| A. Information Technology Policy |
(i) 2000 |
| B. Mineral Policy |
(ii) 2006 |
| C. Hotel Policy |
(iii) 2010 |
| D. Industrial and Investment |
(iv) 2011 |
Code :
A B C D
(a) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(b) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
(c) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
(d) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)
[R.A.S./ R.T.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
- The correctly matched lists are as follows :
| (Govt. Promotion Policy) |
(Policy Year) |
| Information Technology Policy |
2000 |
| Mineral Policy |
2011 |
| Hotel Policy |
2006 |
| Industrial & Investment Promotion Policy |
2010 |
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131. The Apex institution in the field of Industrial finance in India is :
(a) Reserve Bank of India
(b) Industrial Finance Corporation of India
(c) Industrial Development Bank of India
(d) State Bank of India
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (c) Industrial Development Bank of India
- The Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) was set up in 1964 to support businesses in the country.
- It provides both direct and indirect help such as financial assistance, investments in industrial securities, soft loans, and project loans.
- In 2004, the Reserve Bank of India made IDBI a ‘scheduled bank’ under the RBI Act, 1934.
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132. Helpline ‘Udyami’ is meant for :
(a) Micro, small and medium enterprises
(b) Large capital industries
(c) Female entrepreneurs
(d) Farmers using technology in farming
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015]
Ans. (a) Micro, small and medium enterprises
- In 2010, the then Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh opened the Udyami Helpline, which is a Call Centre run by the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME).
- This Call Centre was created to provide MSMEs with a single point of access to information and resources from banks and other MSME-related organizations.
- Udyami Helpline toll-free number (1800-180-6763) provides support for setting up an enterprise, loan access, project profiles, and information about the Government’s schemes for MSME promotion.
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133. Headquarters of Madhya Pradesh Finance Corporation is :
(a) Indore
(b) Bhopal
(c) Jabalpur
(d) Ujjain
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) Indore
- The Madhya Pradesh Financial Corporation is the leading organization in the state, based in Indore.
- It was established in 1955 and is responsible for offering money and other services to small and medium businesses.
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134. Long-term credit to small and medium enterprises is provided in Uttar Pradesh through :
(a) UP Small Industries Corporation
(b) UP Industrial Development Corporation
(c) UP Finance Corporation
(d) All of the above
[U.P.PC.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (d) All of the above
- The organization U.P. Small Industries Corporation, U.P. Industrial Development Corporation, and U.P. Finance Corporation are giving out loans to small and medium businesses in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
|
135. The U.P. Financial Corporation does not finance :
(a) The acquisition of permanent assets
(b) All of the above
(c) Long-term working capital requirements
(d) Handloom industries
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (d) Handloom industries
- The U.P. Financial Corporation was set up by the Government of Uttar Pradesh in 1954 using the SFCs Act 1951 (Central Act) to help promote industrial growth in the state, but they don’t give money to businesses related to tourism.
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136. ‘Udyog Bandhu’ is a/an :
(a) labour supplying agency
(b) sick industry rehabilitation agency
(c) organization to assist industrial units in solving timebound establishment and investment related problems
(d) agency for financing industrial development
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003]
Ans. (c) organization to assist industrial units in solving timebound establishment and investment related problems
- Udyog Bandhu is a registered society working to encourage investment in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
- It is part of the State Government of Uttar Pradesh and helps with industrial and service sector investments, as well as working on any problems that current and upcoming industries are facing.
- Udyog Bandhu works on policy-making for the rapid development of infrastructure and manufacturing and service sectors.
- They also provide advisory services to help entrepreneurs and take up their issues with the Government of Uttar Pradesh and other organizations.
- Udyog Bandhu works in a transparent and swift manner and is friendly and courteous to its clients.
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137. Which region of the Uttar Pradesh has developed most from the industrial point of view ?
(a) Western
(b) Eastern
(c) Bundelkhand
(d) Central
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (a) Western
- The western part of Uttar Pradesh has grown the most from an industrial standpoint.
- It is more urbanized than the rest of the State, and it has more industrial employees per thousand in registered factories as compared to the rest of the State.
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138. BIFR is related to :
(a) Reconstruction and financing of sick units
(b) Control of stock exchange operations
(c) Consumer protection
(d) Regulation of banking operations
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (a) Reconstruction and financing of sick units
- The Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR) was a part of the Government of India, working within the Department of Financial Services, in the Ministry of Finance.
- It was responsible for restructuring and financing for large companies.
- Its goal was to find out if industrial companies were in trouble, and to help the ones that could still be viable while closing down those that couldn’t.
- In December 2016, the NDA government eliminated BIFR and took over all its processes, according to the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code.
- The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) and National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) now handle all matters.
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139. Mega Food Parks scheme has been initiated by the Government of India with the objective :
(a) To improve infrastructure facilities for food processing industries
(b) To increase productivity of food crops
(c) To control food prices.
(d) None of the above
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (a) To improve infrastructure facilities for food processing industries
- The Mega Food Park Scheme helps link farmers to the market, allowing for more value to be added, less waste, and higher incomes for farmers, as well as creating jobs in rural areas.
- The Scheme follows a ‘Cluster’ approach and involves creating modern facilities in an agri/horticultural zone for food processing.
- This includes collection centers, primary processing centers, cold chain, and 25-30 plots for entrepreneurs.
- The Project is run by a corporate body set up under the Companies Act.
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140. With what purpose is the Government of India promoting the concept of ‘Mega Food Parks’?
1. To provide good infrastructure facilities for the food processing industry.
2. To increase the processing of perishable items and reduce wastage.
3. To provide emerging and eco-friendly food processing technologies to entrepreneurs :
Select the correct answer using the codes given below :
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (b) 1 and 2 only
- The Mega Food Park Scheme is designed to connect farmers, processors, and retailers to help increase the value of their products, reduce waste, increase farmers’ income, and create jobs, particularly in rural areas.
- The Scheme uses a ‘Cluster’ approach to create state-of-the-art infrastructure in an agricultural/horticultural zone, with collection centers, primary processing centers, central processing centers, cold chain, and 25-30 plots for entrepreneurs to set up food processing units.
- The Scheme is managed by a corporate body called a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV).
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141. Which of the following is a social objective of business?
(a) Innovation
(b) Employment generation
(c) Business coordination
(d) Risk management
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Re-Exam) (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Employment generation
- It is usually thought that a business only wants to make money, but this is not always the case.
- Businesses also have to take into consideration the goals of the nation and the world.
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142. Why companies go for business process re-engineering with the help of technology?
(a) Customers’ demand and expectations are continuously increasing
(b) IT being leveraged to provide competitive edge in products and services at lower costs
(c) The pace of change has accelerated with the liberalization of economies world over
(d) All of these
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (d) All of these
- Business process re-engineering is when a company changes the way they do their core business in order to make their products better, increase the quality, or reduce the cost.
- Nowadays, because of the global economy and customer demands, companies are using technology and IT to give them an advantage in the market by offering better products and services at lower costs.
|
143. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists :
| List-I |
List-II |
| (Type of Organization) |
(Important Features) |
| A. Sole trader |
1. Large number of risk bearers |
| B. Partnership |
2. Betterment of weaker sections |
| C. Co-operatives |
3. Contractual Relationship |
| D. Public Limited Company |
4. Unlimited liability |
Codes :
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 4 2 3 1
(d) 1 3 2 4
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.)(Mains) 2008]
Ans. (b) 4 3 2 1
| List-I (Type of Organization) |
List-II (Important Features) |
| Sole trader |
Unlimited liability |
| Partnership |
Contractual Relationship |
| Co-operatives |
Betterment of weaker sections |
| Public Limited Company |
Large number of risk bearers |
- In a sole proprietorship, the owner is responsible for all of the company’s debts, even if they have put money into it.
- Partnerships are created when two or more people agree to work together, either by writing something or just talking about it.
- Cooperatives are organizations made to benefit the members and not make a profit.
- A public limited company raises money by selling shares, which means there are many people taking a risk with their money.
|
144. What does venture capital mean?
(a) A short-term capital provided to industries
(b) A long-term start-up capital provided to new entrepreneurs
(c) Funds provided to industries at times of incurring losses
(d) Funds provided for replacement and renovation of industries
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (b) A long-term start-up capital provided to new entrepreneurs
- Venture Capital (VC) is a type of money that investors give to new businesses or startups that they think have a good chance of becoming successful.
- This money usually comes from people with a lot of money, banks, and other financial organizations.
- In other words, Venture Capital is money that is made available to help new entrepreneurs get started.
|
145. Which one of the following statements appropriately describes the ‘fiscal stimulus’?
(a) It is a massive investment by the Government in manufacturing sector to ensure the supply of goods to meet the demand surge caused by rapid economic growth.
(b) It is an intense affirmative action of the Government to boost economic activity in the country.
(c) It is Government’s intensive action of financial institutions to ensure disbursement of loans to agriculture and allied sectors to promote greater food production and contain food inflation.
(d) It is an extreme affirmative action by the Government to pursue its policy of financial inclusion.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (b) It is an intense affirmative action of the Government to boost economic activity in the country.
- A fiscal stimulus is a collection of tax cuts and benefits given by the government to help the economy.
- The extra spending that comes from the tax breaks and incentives encourages employers to hire more people, leading to higher incomes and more spending, which helps the economy stay strong.
|
146. The first Industrial Policy of the free India was announced in :
(a) 1947
(b) 1948
(c) 1950
(d) 1956
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (b) 1948
- After India became independent, the Minister of Industry, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, announced the first Industrial Policy on April 6th 1948.
- This policy showed how industrial growth and development should be approached.
- It emphasized the importance of increasing production and making sure the things produced are distributed fairly.
- This policy also made it clear that India was going to follow a Mixed Economic Model.
|
147. Concept of ‘Joint Sector’ for industrial development of India was envisaged in Industrial Policy Resolution of :
(a) 1948
(b) 1956
(c) 1980
(d) 1991
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (b) 1956
- In April 1956, Jawaharlal Nehru presented India’s second Industrial Policy to Parliament.
- The main goal of this policy was to increase the rate of industrial growth and speed up the process of industrialization.
- The priorities of the policy included speeding up industrialization, expanding public and cooperative sectors, promoting equality in wealth and income distribution, and preventing monopolies.
- It also introduced the concept of ‘Joint Sector’, which proposed a balance between the public and private sector, allowing the State to take part in management, control, and decision-making.
|
148. The licensing policy for the industries drew strength from :
(a) Industrial Policy Resolution 1948
(b) Industrial Policy Resolution 1956
(c) Congress Party Resolution of establishing socialistic pattern of society
(d) Industries Act 1951
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007*]
Ans. (d) Industries Act 1951
- The rules and regulations for industries were based on the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act of 1951.
- This Act was meant to give the government power –
- To take the necessary steps to develop important industries.
- Carry out the Industrial Policy.
- Control the direction of industrial growth.
- And oversee the activities, performance, and results of industrial businesses in the best interest of the public.
- The Central Government has introduced a system of licensing to control and manage the planning and building of new projects in a sensible and fair way.
|
149. In India, liberal Industrial Policy was adopted in the year :
(a) 1948
(b) 1956
(c) 1985
(d) 1991
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (d) 1991
- In 1991, India’s government announced a new Industrial Policy which was highly anticipated.
- This policy was created to boost economic efficiency and growth during a time of economic difficulty.
|
150. Assertion (A): Many industries in India have obtained ISO 9001 and ISO 9002 certifications in the recent past.
Reason (R): There has been considerable liberalization in the licensing policy of the Government of India.
Code :
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- The Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) has approved a lot of Indian businesses to meet the international standards of ISO-9001 and ISO-2002.
- The licensing system has been made easier for the new industrial policy since July 24, 1991.
- Both of these are true, but the reasoning behind it is not given.
|
151. According to 1991 Industrial Policy, the number of industries for which licensing was necessary, were :
(a) 6
(b) 10
(c) 14
(d) 18
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (d) 18
- In 1991, the P.V. Narsimha Rao Government announced a new industrial policy which abolished the need for licenses in almost all industries, except for 18.
- That list was later reduced even further and currently, only five industries are required to have a license under the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act of 1951 :
- Electronic aerospace and defence equipment.
- Industrial explosives including detonating fuses, safety fuses, gun powder, nitrocellulose and matches.
- Cigars and cigarettes of tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes.
- Specified hazardous chemicals.
- Distillation and brewing of alcoholic drinks (As per the Supreme Court Order of 1997, it is now under the jurisdiction of the States).
- Besides what was mentioned above, a non-MSME unit that makes items only meant for MSMEs also needs a license.
|
152. The number of industries for which industrial licensing is required has now been reduced to :
(a) 15
(b) 6
(c) 35
(d) 20
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (b) 6
- After asking the question, option (b) was the right answer.
- Right now, only five industries are required to have a license due to environmental, safety, and strategic reasons.
|
153. The Policy of liberalization, privatization and globalization was announced as New Economic Policy by Prime Minister :
(a) Rajeev Gandhi
(b) Vishwanath Pratap Singh
(c) Narsimha Rao
(d) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) Narsimha Rao
- In 1991, Prime Minister P.V. Narsimha Rao announced a new economic policy of liberalization, privatization, and globalization.
|
154. The Industrial Policy, 1991 was criticized on a number of points. Which of the following was not one of them?
(a) Erratic industrial growth
(b) Threat from Foreign Competition
(c) Neglect of agriculture sector
(d) Misplaced faith in Foreign Investment
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) Neglect of agriculture sector
- The Industrial Policy of 1991 was not liked by many people and it had several areas of criticism.
- Here are some of those points :
- Ambiguous Development Policy : It was mentioned that there is no definite plan in place to help out struggling businesses.
- Threat of global competition : It was said that because of liberalization, Indian companies have to compete against big international companies.
- Limit of Foreign Investment : People are not happy about the special deals and rewards that are being offered to encourage foreign investment.
- So, choice (c) is the right answer.
|
155. Some time back, the Government of India, decided to delicense ‘white goods’ industry. ‘White goods’ include :
(a) stainless steel and aluminium utensils
(b) milk and milk products
(c) items purchased for conspicuous consumption
(d) soaps, detergents and other mass consumption goods
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (c) items purchased for conspicuous consumption
- In 1993, the Indian government stopped requiring licenses for the white goods industry, which includes home appliances like air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, dryers, and dishwashers.
- Buying white goods can be a way to show your social status, especially if other expensive items and services are too expensive for people in your class.
- Conspicuous consumption, buying things to show off your wealth, is often associated with the purpose of buying these items.
|
156. In the context of India’s Five Year Plans, a shift in the pattern of industrialization, with lower emphasis on heavy industries and more on infrastructure begin in
(a) Fourth Plan
(b) Sixth Plan
(c) Eighth Plan
(d) Tenth Plan
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) Eighth Plan
- Due to political problems in the government, the Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-97) was put on hold for two years.
- It focused more on infrastructure rather than heavy industries.
- The plan used tough methods to deal with the bad economy and aimed for yearly growth of 5.6%, which was pushed forward by P.V. Narsimha Rao with the help of economic and fiscal reforms.
- The actual growth rate achieved was 6.8%, surpassing the goal of 5.6%.
|
157. The largest centre of textile industry in India at present is :
(a) Ahmedabad
(b) Kanpur
(c) Mumbai
(d) Surat
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) Mumbai
- Mumbai is India’s biggest Textile industry hub.
|
158. With reference to India, which one of the following statements is NOT correct?
(a) IPCL is India’s largest petrochemical company.
(b) RIL is the largest private sector company in India.
(c) MTNL is listed in NYSE.
(d) BSNL is the first telecom service organization in India to launch a nationwide cellular service at one time
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (a) IPCL is India’s largest petrochemical company.
- In 2002-03, IPCL was the second largest company in India.
- In 2007, it merged with Reliance Industries Ltd. (RIL), which is currently the largest company in India.
- MTNL was listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in November 2001 but delisted its American Depositary Shares (ADS) from the NYSE in December 2012.
- In 2002, BSNL became the first telecom service provider in India to launch a nationwide cellular service.
|
159. A company declares dividend on :
(a) Issued Capital
(b) Authorized Capital
(c) Subscribed Capital
(d) Total Employed Capital
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (c) Subscribed Capital
- A company issues dividends on the capital that has been bought by shareholders.
- Dividend is part of the company’s profit that shareholders receive.
- This dividend is a return on the money that the shareholders invested in the company.
|
160. From the balance sheet of a company, it is possible to :
(a) judge the extent of profitability of the company
(b) assess the profitability and size of the company
(c) determine the size and composition of the assets and liabilities of the company
(d) determine the market share, debts and assets of the company
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (c) determine the size and composition of the assets and liabilities of the company
- A balance sheet is a record of a company’s financial situation at a given time, typically the end of an accounting period.
- The balance sheet shows the company’s assets (for example, cash and inventory), its liabilities (such as debt and accounts payable), and its equity (like share capital, retained earnings, and reserves).
|
161. Which of the following groups of goods is not included in FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods)?
(a) Automobile (Car and Motorcycle)
(b) Toiletries (Shampoo and Soap)
(c) Dairy Products (Milk and Cheese)
(d) Bakery Products (Biscuits and Breads)
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (a) Automobile (Car and Motorcycle)
- Fast-moving consumer goods are items that are bought and used quickly, at a relatively low price.
- These goods are usually not long-lasting and are sold in packages.
- They don’t make a lot of profit, but they make up more than half of all consumer spending.
- FMCGs include beauty products, toiletries, dairy products, and bakery products, but cars and motorcycles don’t count as FMCGs, since those are considered to be long-lasting items.
|
162. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below in the lists :
| List I |
List II |
| (Industries) |
(Industrial Centres) |
| A. Pearl fishing |
1. Pune |
| B. Automobiles |
2. Tuticorin |
| C. Ship-building |
3. Pinjore |
| D. Engineering goods |
4. Mormugao |
Codes :
A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 3
(b) 2 1 3 4
(c) 1 2 4 3
(d) 1 2 3 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (a) 2 1 4 3
- The correctly matched lists are as follows :
| List I (Industries) |
List II (Industrial Centres) |
| Pearl fishing |
Tuticorin |
| Automobiles |
Pune |
| Ship building |
Mormugao |
| Engineering goods |
Pinjore |
|
163. Which one of the following modes of privatization is the most comprehensive and complete?
(a) Introduction of private capital in public sector.
(b) Contracting out management of public enterprises to the private sector.
(c) Transferring ownership and management to the workers.
(d) Transferring ownership and management to the private sector.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (d) Transferring ownership and management to the private sector.
- Divestment is the most thorough way to privatize.
- It means that ownership and control of something is given to a private company.
|
164. Why is the Government of India disinvesting its equity in the Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs)?
1. The Government intends to use the revenue earned from the disinvestment mainly to pay back the external debt.
2. The Government no longer intends to retain the management control of the CPSEs.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (d) Neither 1 nor 2
- Main objectives of current disinvestment policy of Indian Government are as follows :
- Involve citizens in public sector businesses.
- The government wants to keep control of public sector businesses and hold the majority of the shares (at least 51%).
- To improve how public sector enterprises are managed, money made from selling them goes into a special fund established in 2005.
- This fund is called the ‘National Investment Fund’ and its main purpose is to invest in projects that benefit the public.
|
165. Assertion (A): Disinvestment is an integral part of liberalization of economy in India.
Reason (R): The proceeds are being used according to stated policy.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below :
Codes :
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002, 2004]
Ans. (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct explanation of A
- The Indian government is selling shares in its state-owned companies (CPSEs) as part of its liberalization of the economy.
- The money from these sales is being used according to the government’s policy.
- The Department of Disinvestment (now called the Department of Investment and Public Asset Management) is responsible for managing the government’s equity sales, such as through offers, private placements, and other modes.
- It is part of the Ministry of Finance.
- The main goals of this disinvestment policy are to reduce public sector borrowing and improve the quality of assets and skills of public sector companies.
|
166. Assertion (A): The Government is resorting to disinvestment of some of the public sector units (PSUs).
Reason (R): PSUs have not generated enough employment opportunities.
Codes :
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (c) A is true, but R is false
- The Government is selling some of its state-owned companies as part of economic reforms, mainly to reduce its financial burden and make up for the revenue it is missing.
- This is true, but the reason given is not correct because it cannot be said that PSUs have not created enough job opportunities.
- In fact, PSUs play an important role in providing jobs in the country.
- Research has shown that PSUs have created more employment than private sector companies in recent years.
|
167. Disinvestment in Public Enterprises started from which financial year?
(a) 1990-91
(b) 1991-92
(c) 1992-93
(d) 1993-94
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) 1991-92
- In 1991-92, India started selling small parts of 31 state-run companies for a total of Rs. 3038 crore as part of the disinvestment process.
|
168. Which of the following Iron and Steel Plant is not located on a riverside?
(a) Bhilai
(b) Bokaro
(c) Jamshedpur
(d) Bhadravati
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (a) Bhilai
- Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP) is the biggest producer and supplier of high-quality rails for Indian Railways.
- It can make the world’s longest single piece of rail 130 metres long, and 260 metre long welded panels.
- It also produces a large variety of thick and wide steel plates and structural steel.
- It was founded in 1959 with the support of the USSR, and is located 40 kilometres west of Raipur in Chhattisgarh, near the Howrah-Mumbai railway line and Great-Eastern highway.
- Bhilai Iron and Steel Plant is not on the side of a river.
|
169. The Bhilai Steel Plant has been established with the assistance of :
(a) England
(b) Japan
(c) Germany
(d) Russia
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990, 1991]
Ans. (d) Russia
- The Bhilai Steel Plant was set up with the help of the Russian Federation during the Second Five Year Plan.
- It first opened on the 4th of February, 1959 and is situated in Bhilai, 40 kms away from Raipur, the capital of Chhattisgarh.
- It has won the Prime Minister’s Trophy 11 times for being the Best Integrated Steel Plant in India and is the only producer and supplier of world class rails for the Indian Railways, including the world’s longest 130 metre one-piece rail and 260 metre long welded panels.
- It also produces a wide range of wide and heavy steel plates and structural steel.
- It is a part of the Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL).
|
170. Bhilai Steel Plant is a———–enterprise.
(a) Public Sector
(b) Private Sector
(c) Co-operative Sector
(d) Public- Private joint sector
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (a) Public Sector
- Bhilai Steel Plant was created with the support of the Russian Federation during the Second Five Year Plan.
- It opened on February 4, 1959 and is located 40 km west of Raipur, the capital of Chhattisgarh.
- It has won the Prime Minister’s Trophy 11 times for being the best integrated steel plant in the country.
- Bhilai is the only producer and supplier of world-class rails for the Indian Railways in India, including the longest 130-meter rail in one piece and 260-meter-long rail welded panels.
- It is also a major producer of wide and heavy steel plates and structural steel.
- Bhilai Steel Plant is the flagship integrated steel plant of the Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), a Central Public Sector steel company.
|
171. Rourkela Steel Plant was established in collaboration with :
(a) United Kingdom
(b) Russia
(c) U.S.A.
(d) Germany
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (d) Germany
- Rourkela Steel Plant was the first steel plant to be built in the public sector in India, with help from Germany.
- It started with the capacity to produce one million tonnes of steel, but now its capacity has been increased to 4.2 million tonnes of hot metal, 4.2 million tonnes of crude steel and 3.9 million tonnes of saleable steel.
- It is managed by Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL).
- The plant was inaugurated on 3rd February 1959.
|
172. Which one of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Rourkela Steel Plant, the first integrated steel plant in the Public Sector of India was set up with the Soviet Union Collaboration.
(b) Salem Steel Plant is a premier producer of stainless steel in India.
(c) Maharashtra Elektrosmelt Ltd. is a subsidiary of the Steel Authority of India Ltd.
(d) Visakhapatnam Steel Plant is a unit of Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (a) Rourkela Steel Plant, the first integrated steel plant in the Public Sector of India was set up with the Soviet Union Collaboration.
- Statement (a) is not true and the other three statements are true.
- Maharashtra Elektrosmelt and its parent company ‘SAIL’ combined together in 2011.
|
173. Bokaro Steel Plant was established with the help of :
(a) USA
(b) UK
(c) France
(d) Soviet Union
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (d) Soviet Union
- Bokaro Steel Plant was created in 1965 with help from the Soviet Union (USSR).
- It was formed into a limited company on January 29th, 1964 and later joined with SAIL.
- The construction began on April 6th, 1968 and the first blast furnace was activated on October 2nd, 1972.
|
174. Which one of the following pair is not correctly matched?
Steel plant Collaborating country
(a) Rourkela Germany
(b) Bhilai Old USSR
(c) Durgapur U.K.
(d) Bokaro U.S.A.
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (d) Bokaro U.S.A.
- The correctly matched pairs are as follows :
| (Steel plant) |
(Collaborating country) |
| Rourkela |
Germany (West Germany) |
| Bhilai |
USSR (Soviet Union) |
| Durgapur |
UK |
| Bokaro |
USA |
|
175. Match List I with List II, and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
| List I |
List II |
| A. Bhilai |
1. Chhattisgarh |
| B. Bokaro |
2. Jharkhand |
| C. Durgapur |
3. Odisha |
| D. Rourkela |
4. West Bengal |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 1 2 4 3
(c) 1 3 2 4
(d) 2 3 1 4
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (b) 1 2 4 3
- The correctly matched lists are as follows :
| Bhilai |
Chhattisgarh |
| Bokaro |
Jharkhand |
| Durgapur |
Odisha |
| Rourkela |
West Bengal |
|
176. Which pairs is not correctly matched?
Project Company
(a) Integrated Steel Plant at Jajpur (Odisha) Steel Authority of India
(b) Power Plant at Jamnagar (Gujarat) Essar Power
(c) Nabinagar Power Plant (Bihar) Indian Railways
(d) Kayamkulam Power Plant (Kerala) National Thermal Power Corporation
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (a) Integrated Steel Plant at Jajpur (Odisha) Steel Authority of India
- The Iron and Steel Plant in Jajpur, Odisha is owned by Neelachal Ispat Nigam Ltd. (NINL) instead of SAIL.
- The other options are correctly paired.
- The Nabinagar Power Plant in Bihar is a joint venture between NTPC Ltd. and the Indian Railways.
|
177. Where has the Indian Diamond Institute (IDI) been established?
(a) New Delhi
(b) Mumbai
(c) Surat
(d) Jaipur
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (c) Surat
- The Indian Diamond Institute is based in Surat, Gujarat.
- It was founded in 1978 and is widely known as the best institute for diamonds, gems, and jewelry in India.
- It is a modern school with everything it needs all in one place.
|
178. Foreign equity holding allowed in small scale sector in 1995-96 is :
(a) 35%
(b) 24%
(c) 49%
(d) 51%
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (b) 24%
- Foreign investors are allowed to put money into small-scale industrial businesses in several different areas, but not in the areas that are not allowed.
- The foreign investors can only own up to 24% of the company.
- If they own more than that, the business will no longer be considered a small-scale industrial business.
- Additionally, if the item they are producing is only allowed for small-scale industrial businesses, the company needs an industrial license and must export at least 50% of what they make each year.
|
179. The rough outline map given shows centres of cement industry labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4. Match these centres with the following sets of names :
(A) Katani
(B) Tirunelveli
(C) Sikka
(D) Churk
Select the correct answer using the codes given below :
Code :
A B C D
(a) 3 4 2 1
(b) 2 4 1 3
(c) 1 2 4 3
(d) 2 3 1 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (b) 2 4 1 3
- The correctly matched centres are as follows :
| (Centres of Cement) |
(Industry Labels) |
| Sikka (Gujarat) |
1 |
| Katni (Madhya Pradesh) |
2 |
| Churk (Uttar Pradesh) |
3 |
| Tirunelveli (Tamil Nadu) |
4 |
|
180. Match the List-I with List II. Select the correct answer using the codes given below :
| List I |
List II |
| (Place) |
(Industry) |
| A. Vishakhapatnam |
1. Automobiles |
| B. Muri |
2. Ship-building |
| C. Gurgaon |
3. Fertilizers |
| D. Panki |
4. Aluminium |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 2 3 4 1
(b) 1 2 3 4
(c) 2 4 3 1
(d) 2 4 1 3
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (d) 2 4 1 3
- The correctly matched lists are as follows :
| (Place) |
(Industrial Center) |
| Visakhapatnam |
Ship-building |
| Muri (Jharkhand) |
Aluminium |
| Gurgaon (Gurugram; Haryana) |
Automobiles |
| Panki (Uttar Pradesh) |
Fertilizers |
|
181. Match list I with list II and select the correct answer from the codes given below the lists :
| List-I |
List-II |
| (Centres) |
(Industries) |
| A. Aonla |
1. Polyfibre |
| B. Modinagar |
2. Fertilizers |
| C. Barabanki |
3. Rubber |
| D. Kanpur |
4. Explosives |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 3 1 4
(c) 3 2 4 1
(d) 4 3 2 1
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) 2 3 1 4
- The correctly matched lists are as follows :
| (Centres) |
(Industries) |
| Aonla |
Fertilizers |
| Modinagar |
Rubber |
| Barabanki |
Polyfibre |
| Kanpur |
Explosives |
|
182. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below:
| List-I |
List-II |
| (City) |
(Industry) |
| A. Coimbatore |
1. Petroleum Refining |
| B. Rourkela |
2. Rail Coach |
| C. Kapurthala |
3. Iron and Steel |
| D. Barauni |
4. Cotton Textiles |
Code:
A B C D
(a) 4 3 2 1
(b) 1 2 3 4
(c) 2 3 4 1
(d) 4 2 3 1
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (a) 4 3 2 1
- The correctly matched lists are as follows :
| (City) |
(Industry) |
| Coimbatore |
Cotton Textiles |
| Rourkela |
Iron and Steel |
| Kapurthala |
Rail Coach |
| Barauni |
Petroleum Refining |
|
183. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :
| List I |
List II |
| A. Singrauli |
1. Oil |
| B. Kajarhat |
2. Milk |
| C. Koyali |
3. Coal |
| D. Anand |
4. Cement |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 4 3 2 1
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (c) 3 4 1 2
- Correct matching of the lists are as follows :
| (List-I) |
(List-II) |
| Singrauli (Madhya Pradesh) |
Coal |
| Kajarhat (Uttar Pradesh) |
Cement |
| Koyali (Gujarat) |
Oil |
| Anand (Gujarat) |
Milk |
|
184. Which one of the following is not correctly matched ?
(a) Biotechnology Park – Lucknow
(b) Tronica City – Noida
(c) Plastic City – Kanpur
(d) Leather Technology Park – Unnao
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (b) Tronica City – Noida
- Tronica city is in Ghaziabad, not Noida.
- The other cities are matched up correctly.
|
185. With reference to the National Investment Fund to which the disinvestment proceeds are routed, consider the following statements :
1. The assets in the National Investment Fund are managed by the Union Ministry of Finance.
2. The National Investment Fund is to be maintained within the Consolidated Fund of India.
3. Certain Asset Management Companies are appointed as the fund managers.
4. A certain proportion of annual income is used for financing select social sectors.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 3 and 4
(d) 3 only
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) 3 and 4
- In November 2005, the National Investment Fund (NIF) was created to manage and invest money from the sale of assets of Central Public Sector Enterprises.
- The money was to be invested to make more money for the government without using up the money in the fund.
- Three Public Sector Mutual Funds were chosen to manage the NIF.
- 75% of the income from the NIF investments was used to support social services like education, health, and employment.
- The remaining 25% was used to invest in profitable and revivable government businesses.
|
186. Which of the following are the purposes to which the National Renewal Fund has been set up?
1. To restructure sick small industries
2. To help workers likely to be displaced due to retrenchment in the process of industrial restructuring
3. To modernize existing industrial units
4. To help refugees from Bangladesh, Sri Lanka etc.
Choose the correct answer from the codes given below :
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 1 and 4
(d) 2 and 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) 1 and 2
- The National Renewal Fund was started in 1992 to protect workers who may be affected by changes in industry, like technology upgrades or closures of sick companies.
- The government set up the fund, which would be available for up to ten years.
- It offered help through a Voluntary Retirement Scheme and by setting up Employee Assistance Centres to give counseling and retraining to help workers who had been displaced.
- This support was available to Central Public Sector Undertakings.
|
187. Which one of the following is the objective of National Renewal Fund?
(a) To safeguard the interests of workers who may be affected by technological upgradation of industry or closure of sick units
(b) To develop the core sector of the economy
(c) For the development of infrastructure such as energy, transport, communications and irrigation
(d) For human resource development such as full literacy, employment, population control, housing and drinking water
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (a) To safeguard the interests of workers who may be affected by technological upgradation of industry or closure of sick units
- The National Renewal Fund was created in 1992 to help protect workers who might be affected by changes such as technological advancements, modernizing, or closing down of businesses.
- This fund was meant to last up to 10 years and could provide help with things like voluntary retirement and retraining.
- It was also used to set up Employees Assistance Centres to provide support for people who lost their jobs due to closure or layoffs.
|
188. Consider the following statements: The objectives of the National Renewal Fund set up in February 1992 were :
1. to give training and counselling for workers affected by retrenchment or VRS
2. redeployment of workers
Which of these statements is/are correct?
(a) Neither 1 nor 2
(b) Both 1 and 2
(c) 1 only
(d) 2 only
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) Both 1 and 2
- The National Renewal Fund was put in place by the government in February 1992 to help protect workers who may be affected by technology upgrades, modernizing, restructuring of businesses, or closures of sick units.
- This fund was created by a government resolution and is only available for a maximum of 10 years.
- It provides assistance with the Voluntary Retirement Scheme, counseling, and retraining of employees from the organized sector.
- The Employees Assistance Centres were created to give counseling and retraining to workers who lost their jobs due to closures or layoffs so they could get new employment.
|
189. National Renewal Fund has been established for :
(a) retraining of labour
(b) making better roads & bridges
(c) replacing old railway lines by new railway lines
(d) refinancing of loans by banks
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (a) retraining of labour
- The NRF was created in February 1992 to protect workers affected by changes in technology, modernizing and restructuring of businesses, or closure of sick units.
- The government made a resolution to keep the NRF running for up to 10 years.
- Through NRF, financial help was given to people who chose to retire voluntarily and to workers who were laid off due to a company’s closure or downsizing.
- The NRF also set up Employees Assistance Centers to provide counseling and retraining to help those who lost their jobs find new ones.
|
190. National Renewal Fund (NRF) was constituted for the purpose of :
(a) Providing pension for retiring employees
(b) Social security
(c) Rural reconstruction
(d) Restructuring and modernization of industries
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2008, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) Social security
- In 1992, the government of PV Narasimha Rao created the National Renewal Fund to give a support system to workers who were impacted by advancements and modernization in the Indian industry.
|
191. Which one of the following is referred to as the ‘Golden Hand Shake’ :
(a) Honouring V.I.P.’s
(b) Voluntary Retirement Scheme
(c) Wishing Bon Voyage
(d) Receiving distinguished guests
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2002, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) Voluntary Retirement Scheme
- Voluntary retirement schemes (VRS) are used when there are too many employees.
- People in companies, cooperative societies, etc. can choose to retire.
- Both public and private sectors can offer VRS.
- This is also called a golden handshake.
- By having voluntary retirement, it reduces the number of employees and lowers the cost of the company.
- In India, a person must be 40 years old or have worked for 10 years to be eligible for VRS.
|
192. ‘Golden Handshake Scheme’ in India is related with :
(a) Voluntary Retirement
(b) Indian Gold Dealers
(c) Foreign Gold Dealers in India
(d) Promoting Trade in Gold
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (a) Voluntary Retirement
- A Golden Handshake Scheme is a special agreement between an executive and their employer that gives the executive a big payout if they leave their job due to being fired, their job changing, or if they retire.
|
193. Korean multinational company POSCO wants to invest Rs. 52,000 crore in :
(a) Chhattisgarh
(b) Jharkhand
(c) West Bengal
(d) Odisha
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2010]
Ans. (d) Odisha
- POSCO, a South Korean steel business, made an agreement with the Odisha Government on June 22nd, 2005 to build a steel factory worth 12 billion US dollars near Paradip.
- However, due to various regulations and disagreements, the company was not able to start building.
|
194. Kandla, situated in the Gulf of Kutch, is well known for which of the following industries?
(a) Ship-breaking industry
(b) Cutting and polishing of diamonds
(c) Export processing zone
(d) Traditional act and craft centre
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2015]
Ans. (c) Export processing zone
- India was the first Asian country to recognize the value of Export Processing Zones for export promotion, and set up the first one in Kandla in 1965.
- Today, Kandla SEZ (KASEZ) is known as India’s biggest Special Economic Zone, and covers an area of 1000 acres with 255 operating units.
|
195. Consider the following statements : Industrial development in India, to an extent, is constrained by
1. lack of adequate entrepreneurship and leadership in business.
2. lack of savings to invest.
3. lack of technology, skills and infrastructure.
4. limited purchasing power among the larger masses.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 1, 3 and 4
(c) 2, 3 and 4
(d) 1, 2 and 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (c) 2, 3 and 4
- Industrial growth in India is hindered somewhat by the lack of money to put into investments, a lack of technology, skills, and infrastructure, and the inability of most people to buy things because of their low incomes.
|
196. CRISIL :
(a) promotes exports
(b) provides finance to rural areas
(c) provides financial assistance to industries
(d) evaluates the credit worthiness of a company
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (d) evaluates the credit worthiness of a company
- CRISIL was founded in 1987 and is one of the longest-standing credit rating agencies in India.
- It assesses companies’ creditworthiness based on their strength, market standing, share of the market, and board of directors.
|
197. The term ‘Base Erosion and Profit Shifting’ is sometimes seen in the news in the context of :
(a) mining operation by multinational companies in resource-rich but backward areas
(b) curbing of the tax evasion by multinational companies
(c) exploitation of genetic resources of a country by multinational companies
(d) lack of consideration of environmental costs in the planning and implementation of developmental projects
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) curbing of the tax evasion by multinational companies
- Multinational companies use certain tactics to reduce or avoid their taxes, called Base Erosion and Profit Shifting.
- This means they take money out of countries where taxes are high and put it into countries with low taxes.
- Developing countries lose a lot of money this way, estimated to be between $100-240 billion every year.
- To fix this, 140 countries are working together to create 15 measures that make it harder to avoid taxes, and also make the tax system more transparent.
|
198. A labour-intensive industry is one that :
(a) requires hard manual labour
(b) pays adequate wages to the labour
(c) employs more hands
(d) provides facilities to labour
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (c) employs more hands
- An industry that needs a lot of workers to produce its goods or services is a labour intensive industry.
- Here, the costs of getting the necessary staff are more important and bigger than the costs of capital.
- Examples of labour intensive industries include restaurants, hotels, agriculture, mining, healthcare, and providing care.
|
199. Which one of the following groups is not co-partner of Industrial Relation?
(a) Consumers and their organizations
(b) Workers and their organizations
(c) Managers and their organizations
(d) State Government and Central Government
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (a) Consumers and their organizations
- Consumers and their organizations are not involved in Industrial Relations, while the other three options are.
|
200. The largest producer of sugar in India is :
(a) Bihar
(b) Karnataka
(c) Maharashtra
(d) Uttar Pradesh
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (c) Maharashtra
- Currently, Maharashtra is the biggest sugar producer in India, but last season, Uttar Pradesh was the biggest.
| State |
Sugar Production (in lakh tonnes) 2021-22 (2nd A.E.) |
2020-21 |
| Maharashtra |
117 |
106.50 |
| Uttar Pradesh |
102 |
110.59 |
| Karnataka |
45 |
44.68 |
- Source: Indian Sugar Mills Association Press Release – 31 January, 2022
|
