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Hydrocarbons Notes with PDF

By October 4, 2025 Educational Resources 0 Comments

These notes are your ultimate revision weapon to revise Hydrocarbons. We’ve distilled years of previous exam questions (PYQs) into one powerful, concise resource. Everything you need to know, nothing you don’t.

  • PYQs, Decoded: All key concepts from past exams, organized and simplified.
  • Revise in Record Time: Short, precise, and designed for last-minute review.
  • Focus on What Matters: Master high-probability topics and boost your confidence.
  • Free PDF to download.

Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry

  • Fundamental Element of Organic Compounds
    • Carbon is the most fundamental element in all organic compounds and bio-compounds.
  • Elements Responsible for Origin of Life
    • The primary elements responsible for the origin of life on Earth are Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen.

Hydrocarbons and Their Properties

  • Definition and Classification
    • A hydrocarbon with a double bond between two carbon atoms is called an Alkene.
  • Molecular Weight Order
    • The correct increasing order of molecular weights for simple hydrocarbons is: Methane < Ethane < Propane < Butane.
  • Specific Hydrocarbons and Uses
    • Methane: Produced in paddy fields.
    • Butane: Used in cigarette lighters.
    • Acetylene:
      • Used in the welding industry (with oxygen).
      • It is a raw material for preparing plastics.
      • Its decomposition can be used to form printing ink.
    • Benzene Structure:
      • A benzene molecule contains 12 sigma (σ) bonds and 3 pi (π) bonds.

Industrial Chemistry and Hazards

  • Bhopal Gas Tragedy
    • Cause: Leakage of Methyl isocyanate gas.
    • Date: Occurred on the night of December 2-3, 1984.

Chemistry in Agriculture and Biology

  • Fruit Ripening
    • Natural ripening is promoted by Ethylene gas.
    • Artificial Ripening Agents:
      • Calcium Carbide: Used because it produces Acetylene gas, which acts as a ripening agent.
      • Ethephon: Another chemical used to aid fruit ripening.
  • Miscellaneous Matches
    • Nicotine is found in Tobacco.
    • Electrocardiography (ECG) is used to diagnose Heart disorders.

Origin of Life (Prebiotic Chemistry)

  • Sequence of Appearance
    • Under simulated primitive Earth conditions, the correct sequential order of appearance is: Methane → Hydrogen Cyanide → Nitrile → Amino Acid.

Know More About Hydrocarbons:

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