1. Who originally propounded the theory of three stages of social development?
(a) Karl Marx
(b) Talcott Parsons
(c) Herbert Spencer
(d) Auguste Comte
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (d) Auguste Comte
- Auguste Comte created the idea of three levels of social growth in his book ‘The Course in Positive Philosophy’.
- He said that all societies go through these three stages:
(1) the religious stage
(2) the philosophical stage
(3) the scientific stage.
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2. Given below are two statements, one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other as the Reason (R). Assertion (A): There is a positive relation between the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) ranking of Indian States.
Reason (R): The underlying dimension of SDG targets is closely related to education and health aspects.
Select the correct answer using the codes below :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- It is clear that education and health have a big part to play in the SDG targets, as shown by the connection between the Human Development Index and the SDG rankings of Indian States.
- Both statements (A) and (R) are therefore true, and (R) explains (A).
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3. Which of the following is the correct order in which the mentioned measures of development were introduced?
(a) Per-capita Income, HDI, PQLI
(b) PQLI, HDI, Per-capita Income
(c) Per-capita Income, PQLI, HDI
(d) HDI (Human Development Index), Per-capita Income, PQLI (Physical Quantity of Life Index)
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (c) Per-capita Income, PQLI, HDI
- In 1934, the US introduced the Per-Capita Income method, created by the Nobel Prize winner Simon Kuznets.
- This system measures the amount of money each person makes in any given area, and also looks at the quality of life.
- The Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) was created in the 1970s to measure the overall happiness of a country, based on literacy rates, infant mortality, and life expectancy.
- The Human Development Index (HDI) was created by economist Mahbub-ul-Haq and based on the work of Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen.
- This was first introduced in 1990.
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4. Which one of the following pairs is the most suitable estimate of the physical quality of life?
(a) Infant mortality rate – Literacy
(b) Infant mortality rate – Income
(c) Calorie intake – Literacy
(d) Per capita income – Sex ratio
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (a) Infant mortality rate – Literacy
- The Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) was created by Morris D. Morris in the 1970s to measure the well-being of a country.
- It takes the average of three measurements: literacy rate, infant mortality, and life expectancy at age one.
- All three measurements are equal and given a score on a scale of 0 to 100.
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5. Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) is developed by :
(a) Morris D. Morris
(b) UNDP
(c) Mehbub-ul-Haq
(d) None of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) Morris D. Morris
- Morris David Morris, an American economist, created the Physical Quality of Life Index in the late 1970s.
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6. Which one of the following organizations publishes the Human Development report?
(a) UNESCO
(b) World Bank
(c) U.N.D.P.
(d) I.M.F.
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (c) U.N.D.P.
- The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), created in 1965, publishes the Human Development Report.
- The first HDR was published in 1990.
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7. The Human Development Index (HDI) was first developed by which of the following?
(a) UNDP
(b) IMF
(c) UNICEF
(d) UNCTAD
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (a) UNDP
- Mahbub-ul-Haq, an economist from Pakistan, created the Human Development Index (HDI) for the UNDP’s Human Development Report which was released in 1990.
- It was based on Amartya Sen’s research on human abilities and was designed to move the focus away from economic growth to policies that focus on people.
- HDI is a combination of life expectancy, education, and standard of living data, which is used to rank countries into four levels of human development.
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8. Who amongst the following developed the United Nations Human Development Index?
(a) Mahbub-ul-Haq
(b) A.S. Kadir
(c) Alva Myrdal
(d) Amartya Sen
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (a) Mahbub-ul-Haq
- Mahbub-ul-Haq from Pakistan created the Human Development Index (HDI) for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) which was launched in 1990.
- The HDI is based on Amartya Sen’s research about what people can do and be in life.
- Its main purpose was to move the focus of economics from financial income to people-centered policies.
- HDI is made up of life expectancy, education, and standard of living indicators which help rank countries into four levels of development.
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9. Which one of the following approaches is associated with Prof. Amartya Sen?
(a) Basic Needs Approach
(b) Capability Approach
(c) Income Approach
(d) Welfare Approach
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (b) Capability Approach
- In the 1980s, Prof. Amartya Sen, an Indian economist, came up with the idea of the Capability Approach.
- This was an alternative to the economics of welfare.
- This approach focuses on the moral importance of how people can have the kind of life they want.
- Poor people are seen as those lacking the capability to live a good life, and development is seen as the capability to expand.
- The main point of this approach is to look at what individuals are able to do
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10. Which one of the following was the first to concentrate on the human aspect of development?
(a) United Nations Development Programme
(b) Integrated Rural Development Programme
(c) World Development Report
(d) Community Development Programme
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) United Nations Development Programme
- The UNDP was the first to focus on human development.
- In 1990, the UNDP released their first Human Development Report which was a new way to help people’s wellbeing.
- This human development approach is about making people’s lives better, not just the economy.
- This approach is focused on people and the choices and opportunities they have.
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11. The Human Development Index is a composite index of
(a) Nutritional status, quality of life, and per capita GDP
(b) Poverty, Life expectancy, and Educational attainment
(c) Life expectancy, Educational attainment, and per capita GDP
(d) Inflation, unemployment, and per capita GDP
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) Life expectancy, Educational attainment, and per capita GDP
- The Human Development Index measures a person’s quality of life based on life expectancy, education level, and personal income.
- Before 2010, this index was based on the person’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
- This index is published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and can range from 0 to 1.
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12. The Human Development Index comprises literacy rates, life expectancy at birth, and :
(a) Gross Domestic Product per head in the US dollars
(b) Gross Domestic Product per head at real purchasing power
(c) Gross National Product in US dollars
(d) National Income per head in US dollars
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (b) Gross Domestic Product per head at real purchasing power
- The Human Development Index (HDI) was created to show that people and their abilities should be the main factor when measuring a country’s progress, not only economic growth.
- In 2010, a new way to calculate HDI was introduced, which includes three indicators.
- The Human Development Index (HDI) is the average of three measurements: life expectancy, education level, and income.
- Before 2010, the standard of living was measured with Gross Domestic Product per capita, but now it’s measured with Gross National Income per capita.
- Currently, none of the options in the question are correct.
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13. While calculating HDI, the maximum value and minimum value for Life Expectancy at birth (Years) are taken as :
(a) 100 and 25
(b) 90 and 30
(c) 85 and 25
(d) 80 and 20
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (c) 85 and 25
- In the past, the highest and lowest life expectancy at birth when calculating the HDI was 85 and 25 years respectively.
- Now, the highest and lowest life expectancy at birth is 85 and 20 years respectively.
- If life expectancy at birth is 85, the Life Expectancy Index (LEI) value is 1, and if life expectancy at birth is 20, the LEI value is 0.
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14. Which of the following is not included in the Human Development Index?
(a) Life Expectancy
(b) Real Per Capita Income
(c) Social Inequality
(d) Adult Literacy
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008, U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl.) (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (c) Social Inequality
- In 1990, the UNDP began publishing the Human Development Report (HDR), which included the Human Development Index (HDI) and three indicators: life expectancy, education level, and standard of living.
- In 2010, the gross enrollment ratio and adult literacy rate were replaced with ‘Mean years of schooling’ and ‘Expected years of schooling’, and the Inequality-adjusted HDI was also added to the HDR.
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15. Which of the following indicators is NOT used to calculate Human Development Index (HDI)?
(a) Life Expectancy
(b) Education
(c) Per Capita Income
(d) Social Inequality
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (d) Social Inequality
- In 1990, the UNDP released the Human Development Report (HDR), which included the Human Development Index (HDI).
- This index was based on three factors: life expectancy at birth, the level of education, and the standard of living.
- Originally, the education level was measured by the gross enrollment ratio and the adult literacy rate.
- However, in 2010, these were changed to the ‘Mean years of schooling’ and ‘Expected years of schooling’.
- Also, since 2010, the HDR has included the Inequality-adjusted
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16. Which one of the following is not a constituent of the Human Development Index?
(a) Health and Nutrition
(b) Per Capita Income
(c) Life Expectancy at Birth
(d) Gross Enrollment Rate
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2008, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (a) Health and Nutrition
- In 1990, the UNDP released the Human Development Report which introduced the Human Development Index (HDI).
- This index looks at three aspects of life: life expectancy, education level, and standard of living.
- Education level was originally measured by gross enrollment and adult literacy rate, but this was changed in 2010 to mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling.
- In 2010, an inequality-adjusted HDI was also included in the Human Development Report.
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17. According to the United Nations Development Programme report published in 1990, which one of the following is not included in the calculation of the Human Development Index (HDI)?
(a) Per capita income
(b) Urbanization
(c) Literacy
(d) Life Expectancy
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b)Urbanization
- The Human Development Index (HDI) is a measure of a country’s success in the social and economic aspects of life.
- It was developed in 1990 by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and is used by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to assess how countries are doing.
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18. What is the base of the Human Development Index?
(a) Health, education, employment, standard of living
(b) Health, education, employment
(c) Health, education, standard of living
(d) Education, employment, standard of living
[M. P. P. C. S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) Health, education, standard of living
- The Human Development Index (HDI) is a measurement of life expectancy, education, and income.
- It is calculated by taking the average of two education scores (average years of schooling and expected years of schooling) and by equally weighting life expectancy, education, and income per person.
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19. Which one is correct in the ascending order of the HDI 2019 ranking of the following countries?
(a) Brazil, India, South Africa, China
(b) Brazil, China, South Africa, India
(c) South Africa, China, India, Brazil
(d) India, China, South Africa, Brazil
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2020]
Ans. (b) Brazil, China, South Africa, India
- According to the 2020 Human Development Report from the UNDP, the countries Brazil, China, South Africa, and India are ranked in the following order from highest to lowest HDI (Human Development Index) for 2019: Brazil (84th), China (85th), South Africa (114th), India (131st).
- Russia, part of the BRICS group, was ranked 52nd on
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20. As per the Human Development Report 2015, consider the following statements:
A. India ranks 130 out of 183 countries.
B. HDI is based on the indices for life expectancy, education, and PCI.
C. In comparison to other nations in the BRICS, India has the lowest rank.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) A and B only
(b) B and C only
(c) B only
(d) A, B, and C
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) A, B, and C
- According to the Human Development Report 2015, India is ranked 130th out of 188 countries, making it the lowest-ranked of all the BRICS nations.
- This ranking was based on life expectancy, educational level, and GNI per capita.
- India was 129th out of 189 countries in the 2019 report and 131st out of 189 countries in the 2020 report.
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21. Which country’s Human Development Index rank is first as per Human Development Report 2018?
(a) Switzerland
(b) Germany
(c) Ireland
(d) Norway
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (d) Norway
- According to the Human Development Report (HDR) 2018, Norway had the highest Human Development Index (HDI) score for 2017 and maintained that rank in the HDR 2019 and HDR 2020.
- The HDR 2020 showed the top 5 countries for 2019 in HDI rankings to be Norway (0.957), Ireland (0.955), Switzerland (0.955),
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22. In the year 2014, out of 186 countries of the world, India’s rank in Human Development Index was :
(a) 138th
(b) 135th
(c) 134th
(d) 130th
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015, U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004, U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (b) 135th
- In 2014, India was ranked 135th out of 187 countries in the Human Development Index, according to the Human Development Report 2014.
- In the following year, India’s rank went up to 130th out of 189 countries in the Human Development Index, as per Human Development Report 2015.
- UPPSC gave the answer ‘130th’ based on the 2015 report.
- India’s current rank is 131st out of 189 countries according to the Human Development Report 2020.
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23. Improvement in which among the following will make India rank high in the HDI of UNDP?
1. Availability of safe drinking water
2. More credit to farmers
3. More children going to school
4. More adults getting literate Select the correct answer from the code given below :
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 1, 3 and 4
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 3 and 4
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (d) 3 and 4
- If more children attend school and the literacy rate among adults increases, India will have a higher ranking in the United Nations Development Program’s Human Development Index.
- This proves that option (d) is the correct answer.
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24. According to the Human Development Report 1997, out of six crore Indian children with less than four years of age, adequate nutrition is not available to :
(a) 41 %
(b) 45 %
(c) 49 %
(d) 53 %
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (d) 53 %
- According to the Human Development Report 1997, about 60 million children in India under the age of four were not getting enough to eat – around 53% of them.
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25. Which of the following organizations calls India’s economic growth ‘Jobless’, ‘Rootless’, ‘Ruthless’, ‘Voiceless’, and ‘Futureless’?
(a) IMF
(b) World Bank
(c) UNDP
(d) WTO
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) UNDP
- In 1996, the UNDP said that developing countries had a difficult economic development path, which was characterized as having no jobs, no roots, no mercy, no voice, and no future.
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26. The Multidimensional Poverty Index of UNDP includes :
(a) 8 indicators
(b) 10 indicators
(c) 12 indicators
(d) 14 indicators
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (b) 10 indicators
- In 2010, the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) created the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI).
- This index looks into the hardships experienced by people living in poverty instead of just looking at their income levels.
- The MPI was used instead of the Human Poverty Index (HPI) in the HDR 2010.
- This index measures poverty with three different dimensions and ten indicators.
- These are health (child mortality and nutrition), education (years of schooling and school attendance), and standards of living (cooking fuel
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27. The Human Poverty Index was introduced in the Human Development Report of the year:
(a) 1994
(b) 1995
(c) 1996
(d) 1997
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1998, U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010]
Ans. (d) 1997
- In 1997, the UNDP released the Human Poverty Index (HPI).
- They published the HPI alongside the Human Development Report every year until 2010 when the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was introduced and took the place of the HPI in the Human Development Report.
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28. The Human Development Report 1997 introduced the concept of the Human Poverty Index (HPI) but the Human Development Report replaced it with the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in the year :
(a) 1999
(b) 2005
(c) 2010
(d) 2015
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (c) 2010
- The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is a way of measuring poverty in developing countries around the world.
- It looks at how people are deprived in terms of health, education, and living standards.
- The Human Development Report replaced the Human Poverty Index (HPI) with the MPI in 2010.
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29. The Human Poverty Index was developed in the year :
(a) 1991
(b) 1995
(c) 1997
(d) 2001
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (c) 1997
- RDirections: The next two items are based on the following table.
- Study the same carefully and attempt the two items that follow it :
- Indicators of development for some Asian Countries Life Infant Mortality Adult Country Expectancy Rate (Per Literacy Rate at birth 1000 live births) (Percent) 1995 1996 1995.
- India 62.4 72 52
- China 69.2 38 82
- Indonesia 64.0 47 84
- Malaysia 71.4 11 84
- Thailand 69.5 31 94
- Korea 71.7 06 98
- Philippines 67.4 32 95
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30. Which one of the following statements is false?
(a) All countries other than India have over 80% literacy
(b) Malaysia and Korea have Life Expectancy higher than all other countries
(c) The higher the adult literacy lower is the infant mortality
(d) The life expectancy at birth in India is almost the same as that of Indonesia
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (c) The higher the adult literacy lower is the infant mortality
- The information in the table shows that option (c) is not true.
- For example, both Malaysia and Indonesia have the same adult literacy rate (84%) but Malaysia has an infant mortality rate of 11 and Indonesia has 47.
- Even though Thailand and the Philippines have high adult literacy rates, their infant mortality rates are much higher than in Malaysia.
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31. The best performance in terms of Human Development among the Asian countries is by:
(a) China
(b) Malaysia
(c) Korea
(d) Philippines
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (c) Korea
- Korea has the highest life expectancy at birth, adult literacy rate, and lowest infant mortality rate of all the countries listed.
- This makes Korea the best in terms of Human Development, even though Hong Kong is higher in the overall Human Development Index rank.
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32. Which of the following has chosen Gross National Happiness as the index of progress :
(a) Bhutan
(b) Japan
(c) Sweden
(d) Switzerland
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2001, 2003, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (a) Bhutan
- Gross National Happiness (GNH) is an idea introduced by the 4th king of Bhutan in the 1970s, which puts emphasis on quality of life and collective happiness instead of strict economic measures.
- GNH is measured by an index and is the goal of the government of Bhutan in the Constitution of Bhutan.
- GNH is different from Gross Domestic Product as it puts collective happiness as the goal of governance and focuses on harmony with nature and traditional values through its 9 domains of happiness and 4 pillars.
- The 4 pillars of GNH are…
-
- sustainable and equitable socio-economic development;
- environmental conservation;
- preservation and promotion of culture; and
- good governance.
- GNH consists of nine parts: feeling good mentally, physical health, how time is spent, education, appreciating different cultures, having a good government, strong communities, protecting the environment, and having a comfortable lifestyle.
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33. Which of the following countries measures its wealth on the basis of Gross National Happiness and not on the basis of Gross National Product?
(a) Nepal
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) Bhutan
(d) Burma
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (c) Bhutan
- In 2008, Bhutan started using the Gross National Happiness approach, which was revolutionary because it showed the world that it is possible to look at social growth in a more comprehensive way than just measuring the GDP.
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34. Which South Asian Country has adopted ‘Gross National Happiness’ as an index of the well-being of its citizens?
(a) India
(b) Bhutan
(c) Sri Lanka
(d) Myanmar
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (b) Bhutan
- The GNH Index measures how happy and healthy the people of Bhutan are.
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35. Consider the following :
1. Right to education
2. Right to equal access to public service.
3. Right to food Which of the above is/are Human Right/Human Rights under ‘Universal Declaration of Human Rights’?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (d) 1, 2 and 3
- According to Article 26 (1) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, everyone has the right to free education, especially in the early stages.
- Article 21 (2) also states that everyone should have the same access to public services in their country.
- Finally, Article 25 (1) states that everyone should have access to the basic necessities of life, such as food, clothing, housing, and medical care.
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36. The first Indian State to have its Human Development Report prepared and released by Amartya Kumar Sen in Delhi is:
(a) West Bengal
(b) Kerala
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Andhra Pradesh
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2000, M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (c) Madhya Pradesh
- In 1995, Madhya Pradesh released the first State Human Development Report (HDR).
- This report included the Human Development Index (HDI) for the entire state, as well as HDI for all the districts within it.
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37. The Indian Human Development Report does not give for each sample village:
(a) Infrastructure and Amenities Index
(b) Education Related Index
(c) Health Related Index
(d) Unemployment Related Index
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (d) Unemployment Related Index
- The Indian Human Development Report consists of indexes related to education, health, and basic infrastructure and services, but it does not include an unemployment index.
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38. Which one of the following States had the highest Human Development Index in the year 2001? (a) Assam
(b) Kerala
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Madhya Pradesh
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Kerala
- According to the United Nations Development Programme’s Human Development Report, India released their first HDR in 2002 and Kerala was the highest ranking state.
- As of 2018, Kerala remains the highest-ranking state in terms of human development, while Bihar is at the bottom.
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39. In terms of Human Development the most developed State of India is :
(a) Kerala
(b) Punjab
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Uttar Pradesh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]
Ans. (a) Kerala
- The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) created the Human Development Report (HDR) and in 2002 India released their first HDR.
- Kerala had the best Human Development Index (HDI) and in 2018 they are still at the top of the list for all states/territories in India. On the other hand, Bihar is at the bottom of the list.
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40. According to the Human Development Index of 2001, arrange the following States in descending order and select the correct answer from the codes given below : A. Punjab B. Kerala C. Bihar D. Uttar Pradesh
Codes :
(a) A, B, D, C
(b) B, A, D, C
(c) A, D, B, C
(d) A, C, D, B
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]
Ans. (b) B, A, D, C
- In 2001, Kerala was the best state in terms of the Human Development Index.
- Punjab was second and Uttar Pradesh 13th, with Bihar at 15th.
- However, according to data from March 2020, Kerala is still at the top, Punjab is now in third place, UP is 35th and Bihar is at 36th.
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41. Assertion (A): Kerala stands first in terms of human development index.
Reason (R): Its unemployment rate is the highest in the country.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
- Kerala was at the top of India’s Human Development Index in 2011, according to the India Human Development Report.
- The 2011 Census showed that Kerala also had the highest unemployment rate in India.
- Both of these statements are true, but the unemployment rate does not explain why Kerala was at the top of the HDI.
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42. Which of the following States had the highest Human Development Index in 2008?
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Jharkhand
(c) Odisha
(d) Bihar
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) Uttar Pradesh
- In 2008, according to the IHDR 2011, Uttar Pradesh had the highest ranking of 18th among the listed states.
- Jharkhand had the 19th rank, Bihar had the 21st rank, and Odisha had the 22nd rank
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43. As per the latest ‘Educational Development Index’ released in February 2011, which are the four States at the top?
(a) Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Delhi
(b) Kerala, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab
(c) Kerala, Delhi, Gujarat, Maharashtra
(d) Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Karnataka
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (a) Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Delhi
44. According to the latest survey report, the percentage of school-going children in the age group of 6-14 years are:
(a) 100 %
(b) 90 %
(c) 93 %
(d) 87 %
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (c) 93 %
- In February 2011, the National University for Educational Planning and Administration published the Education Development Index (EDI) 2009-10. The following are the top states and union territories according to the index:
- According to the NITI Aayog’s 2019 School Education Quality Index (SEQI), Kerala was the best-performing large state, with Tamil Nadu coming in second.
- Manipur was the best-performing small state, and Chandigarh was the best-performing Union Territory.
- Puducherry, Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Tamil Nadu, Chandigarh, Punjab, and Delhi were also included in the list.
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