1. Consider the following statements:
1. Robert Clive was the first Governor-General of Bengal.
2. William Bentinck was the first Governor-General of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (b) 2 only
- The British parliament created a colonial government system in Bengal in 1773.
- It was led by a Governor-General, and Warren Hastings was the first one.
- Statement 1 is wrong.
- In 1833, the British government tried to bring all of India under one rule.
- The Governor-General of Bengal was made Governor-General of India, and Lord William Bentinck was the first one.
- So, statement 2 is correct.
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2. The first Governor-General of India was –
(a) Robert Clive
(b) Warren Hastings
(c) Willian Bentinck
(d) Lord Dalhousie
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (c) Willian Bentinck
- In 1833, the post of Governor-General of Bengal was renamed to “Governor-General of India”.
- William Bentinck was the first person to hold this position.
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3. Consider the following events:
1. Clive’s re-arrival in India
2. Treaty of Allahabad
3. Battle of Buxar
4. Warren Hastings became India’s Governor.
Select the correct chronological order of the above events from the codes given below.
Codes:
(a) 3, 2, 1, 4
(b) 3, 1, 2, 4
(c) 1, 2, 3, 4
(d) 2, 1, 4, 3
[U.P.R.O. / A.R.O. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2016]
Ans (b) 3, 1, 2, 4
- The Battle of Buxar happened on 22 October 1764, Robert Clive came back to India on 3 May 1765 and the Treaty of Allahabad was signed in August 1765.
- Warren Hastings became India’s Governor in 1774.
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4. Who was the first Governor General of India?
(a) Lord Mayo
(b) Lord Lytton
(c) Lord Canning
(d) Lord Duff Erin
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020]
Ans (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
- In this order of events, the Battle of Buxar took place on October 22, 1764, Robert Clive returned to India on May 3, 1765, the Treaty of Allahabad was signed in August 1765, and Warren Hastings was appointed Governor of India
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5. Which one of the following statements is not true?
(a) The foundation, of the system of civil administration, was firmly laid down by Warren Hastings on which the superstructure was raised by Cornwallis.
(b) Clive was responsible for reforming the East India Company’s Civil and Military Services.
(c) Lord William Bentinck was one of the greatest British rulers as he consolidated the British Empire in India
(d) Lord Dalhousie added rich semitones to the British Empire on the basis of the Doctrine of Lapse.
[U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010]
Ans. (c) Lord William Bentinck was one of the greatest British rulers as he consolidated the British Empire in India
- Clive changed both civil and military regulations.
- Under civil reforms, he stopped people from giving gifts and doing private businesses, and also made taxes mandatory.
- Regarding military reforms, he only allowed soldiers who worked outside Bihar and Bengal to have dual allowance.
- Warren Hastings and Cornwallis created the system of civil administration, which was improved during Clive’s rule from 1786 to 1793.
- Two of his most famous accomplishments were the permanent settlement in Bengal and the Third Mysore War.
- Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856) united Satara, Jaitpur, Sambalpur, Bhagat, Udaipur, Jhansi, and Nagpur under the Lapse Doctrine.
- Lord Dalhousie merged Awadh in 1856 because of mismanagement.
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6. At the time of the establishment of the Asiatic Society in Calcutta, who was the Governor-General of Bengal?
(a) Lord Cornwallis
(b) Lord Warren Hastings
(c) Lord Wellesley
(d) Lord Bentinck
[U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014]
Ans. (b) Lord Warren Hastings
- Lord Warren Hastings was the Governor-General of Bengal at the time of the establishment of the Asiatic Society on 15 January 1784 in Calcutta.
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7. Given below are two statements, one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): The Asiatic Society of Bengal was established in the period of Warren Hastings and he modestly declined the offer of Presidentship of that learned body in favor of Sir William Jones.
Reason (R): Warren Hastings was himself a great scholar and an ardent Orientalist who used to encourage the study of Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- Warren Hastings was the Governor-general of Bengal from 1774-85 AD.
- He helped create the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
- He was a very educated person and was passionate about studying Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic.
- He politely refused an offer to become the President of the Asiatic Society of Bengal and instead chose Sir William Jones.
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8. The policy of ‘Security cell’ is related with-
(a) Warren Hastings
(b) Lord Dalhousie
(c) Henry Lawrence
(d) Lord Hastings
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (a) Warren Hastings
- The ‘Security Cell’ policy was started by Warren Hastings and Wellesley.
- Warren Hastings fought with Mysore and Marathas in order to reach the same standing as other Indian states.
- The British government wanted to create a buffer zone (also called the Ring Fence) to protect their state from Afghans and Marathas.
- They agreed to protect Awadh if the Nawab of Oudh paid the expenses.
- Wellesley’s main goal was to make Indian states rely on the British Army’s power.
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9. ‘Ring Fence’ policy is associated with –
(a) Henry Lawrence
(b) Dalhousie
(c) Warren Hastings
(d) Lord Clive
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) Warren Hastings
- Warren Hastings and Wellesley’s “Security Cell” policy was about making sure that Indian states were on the same level.
- Warren Hastings fought with Mysore and the Marathas to make this happen.
- The British also tried to create a barrier (called the Ring Fence) to protect their own state from Afghans and Marathas.
- They agreed to protect Awadh if the Nawab of Oudh would pay the costs.
- Wellesley wanted Indian states to depend on the British army for protection.
- These were the British policies towards Indian states.
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10. Who among the following abolished the ‘Dual Government’ system in Bengal?
(a) Robert Clive
(b) Lord Cornwallis
(c) Warren Hastings
(d) None of the above
[41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996, 47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (c) Warren Hastings
- In 1772, the Court of Directors decided to end the two-government system while Warren Hastings was in charge.
- They ordered the council of Calcutta and its leaders to take on the job of Diwan and manage the government of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
- Warren Hastings removed both the deputy Divans Muhammad Raza Khan and Raja Shitab Roy.
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11. The dual system of governance in Bengal was enforced by :
(a) Warren Hastings
(b) William Bentinck
(c) Robert Clive
(d) Lord Curzon
(e) None of the above/ More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans (c) Robert Clive
- In 1772, the board of directors chose to end the two-government system while Warren Hastings was in charge.
- They told the Council of Calcutta and its leaders to act as Diwan and take care of governing Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
- Warren Hastings then got rid of the deputy Divans, Muhammad Raza Khan and Raja Shitab Roy.
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12. Which Governor-General was prosecuted for impeachment?
(a) Warren Hastings
(b) Lord Clive
(c) Lord Cornwallis
(d) Lord Wellesley
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (a) Warren Hastings
- Warren Hastings was accused of doing unfair or unreasonable things from 1788 to 1795, but after looking at all the good he had done for the British Empire, the British parliament chose to drop all the charges against him.
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13. Who among the following was prosecuted for impeachment by the British Parliament?
(a) Sir John Shore
(b) Lord Clive
(c) Warren Hastings
(d) Lord Bentinck
[U.P. P.S.C. (GIC) 2010, U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (c) Warren Hastings
- Warren Hastings was tried for several years from 1788 to 1795 due to accusations of doing unfair and uncontrolled things, but eventually the British government decided to let him go free as he had done these things for the benefit of the empire.
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14. Who established the judicial organization in India?
(a) Lord Mayo
(b) Lord Cornwallis
(c) Lord Attlee
(d) Lord Curzon
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (b) Lord Cornwallis
- Lord Cornwallis set up laws and courts in India which still form the basis of the Indian court system.
- He allowed the revenue collectors (who were already in charge of civil matters) to also have some power in the judicial system.
- In 1790, the company took control of the justice system from the Nawab, and Cornwallis created a system of courts, with the highest court in Calcutta that had the ability to review decisions from the other courts.
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15. Who among the following Governor-Generals created the Covenanted Civil Service of India which later came to be known as the Indian Civil Service?
(a) Warren Hastings
(b) Wellesley
(c) Cornwallis
(d) William Bentinck
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) Cornwallis
- When Cornwallis became the Governor-General of Bengal, he made changes to the way the administration was run.
- He got rid of the revenue boards and made new laws to replace them.
- He also created regulations for how British officers could conduct their own business.
- He created the Cornwallis Code, which later formed the basis of the civil services in India.
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16. The enforcement of the Public Service was done in-
(a) tenure of Bentinck
(b) tenure of Cornwallis
(c) tenure of Curzon
(d) tenure of Dalhousie
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (b) tenure of Cornwallis
- In India, Cornwallis was responsible for setting up the Civil Services.
- He made changes to the government after becoming the Governor-General of Bengal, including getting rid of the revenue boards and creating new laws.
- He also created policies to regulate the activities of British officers.
- His regulations were compiled into the “Cornwallis Code”, which eventually led to the establishment of the Civil Services in India.
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17. The Tomb of Lord Cornwallis is situated at –
(a) Ghazipur
(b) Ballia
(c) Varanasi
(d) Gorakhpur
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (a) Ghazipur
- Lord Cornwallis was the Governor-General of Bengal between 1786 and 1793, and again from July 30, 1805, until his death on October 5, 1805.
- He is famous for introducing the Istamarari, or permanent settlement, as well as a judicial code and the Indian administration services.
- His grave is located in Ghazipur.
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18. Between whom was the ‘Treaty of Bassein signed in 1802?
(a) English and Bajirao- I
(b) English and Bajirao- II
(c) French and Bajirao- I
(d) Dutch and Bajirao- II
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (b) English and Bajirao- II
- On December 31, 1802, the English East India Company and Bajirao II, the Maratha Peshwa of Pune in India, signed a treaty called the Treaty of Bassein (now known as Vasai).
- This treaty was a result of the Battle of Poona, and it allowed Bajirao-II to be restored as the Peshwa in Pune.
- The English were also given permission to station 60 thousand forces permanently with the Peshwa to protect him, for which they would
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19. First Maratha Sardar to accept the subsidiary alliance of Lord Wellesley was-
(a) Peshwa Bajirao- II
(b) Raghuji Bhosle
(c) Daulat Rao Sciandia
(d) None of the above
[41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (a) Peshwa Bajirao- II
- Lord Wellesley introduced the subsidiary alliance system in India.
- The main ideas behind this alliance were:
- An Indian ruler who signed a subsidiary alliance with the British would allow British forces on their territory and pay for their upkeep.
- They also had to accept a British resident, agree not to make any other alliances, and not hire any Europeans other than the British.
- In any conflicts, the resolution would be decided by the British.
- The ruler would acknowledge the East India Company as the most powerful in India and in exchange for this, the company would protect them from outside dangers.
- If the ruler was not able to make the payments required, then part of their land would be taken away.
- The Nizam of Hyderabad was the first to accept this alliance, and then the Nawab of Awadh and Maratha ruler Bajirao II followed.
- Many other states like Hyderabad, Tanjore, Mysore, Awadh, Bhonsle, Sindhiya, and Indore also entered into this agreement.
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20. Which one of the following statements does not apply to the system of Subsidiary Alliance that was introduced by Lord Wellesley?
(a) To maintain a large standing army at other’s expense
(b) To keep India safe from Napoleonic danger
(c) To secure a fixed income for the company
(d) To establish British paramountcy over the Indian States
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (c) To secure a fixed income for the company
- Lord Wellesley arrived in India in 1798 when the British were fighting a life-or-death battle with France.
- They were scared of Napoleon.
- To accomplish his political goals, Wellesley used the Subsidiary Alliance system.
- This system was not new, but Wellesley used it to make the Indian rulers subordinate to the British East India Company.
- The rulers had to accept the placement of a British force in their territories and pay for its maintenance.
- The Subsidiary Alliance was not designed to bring a fixed income to the company.
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21. Subsidiary Alliance was implemented during the reign of –
(a) Lord Cornwallis
(b) Lord Wellesley
(c) Sir John Shore
(d) Lord Auckland
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (b) Lord Wellesley
- In 1798, Lord Wellesley became the Governor-General of India while the British were in a battle with France.
- They were scared of Napoleon.
- To reach his political goals, Wellesley used the Subsidiary Alliance system.
- This system had been around for a while, but he made it so Indian states would be under the control of the company.
- The ruler of the allied state had to accept a British force and give money to keep it there.
- But the Subsidiary Alliance was not about getting money for the company.
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22. Who was the first Indian native ruler to accept the system of the subsidiary alliance?
(a) Scindia of Gwalior
(b) Nizam of Hyderabad
(c) Duleep Singh of Punjab
(d) Gaikwad of Baroda
(e) Bhonslas of Nagpur
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) Nizam of Hyderabad
- Lord Wellesley came to India in 1798 when the British were fighting a dangerous battle against France.
- They were scared of Napoleon.
- Wellesley used the Subsidiary Alliance system to accomplish his political goals.
- This system involved the British helping Indian rulers with a paid force that had been used before, but Wellesley shaped it to make the Indian states serve the British company.
- The rulers had to agree to keep a British force in their territory and pay a subsidy for it, however, the main purpose of the Alliance was not to get money for the company.
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23. Consider the following which concluded the subsidiary alliances with Lord Wellesley and finds the correct chronological order of their treaties from the code given below:
1. Hyderabad
2. Mysore
3. Oudh
4. Sindhia
Code :
(a) 1,2,3,4
(b) 1,3,4,2
(c) 4,3,2,1
(d) 3,2,1,4
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (a) 1,2,3,4
- In 1798, Lord Wellesley arrived in India when the British were in a battle with France all over the world.
- The Britishers were scared of Napoleon.
- To reach his political goals, Wellesley created a system called the Subsidiary Alliance.
- This system was not new, but Wellesley changed it so that Indian rulers would be subservient to the British East India Company.
- The ruler of an allied state was required to let British soldiers stay in their land and also give money to the company.
- However, the Subsidiary Alliance was not designed to get money from the rulers.
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24. The first Indian ruler who joined the Subsidiary Alliance was –
(a) The Nawab of Oudh
(b) The Nizam of Hyderabad
(c) Peshwa Bajirao II
(d) The King of Travancore
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) The Nawab of Oudh
- Lord Wellesley used a method called the Subsidiary Alliance to make Indian provinces controlled by the British.
- This method wasn’t new – it had been used before, but Wellesley improved it.
- Dupleix was the first European to give his army to an Indian ruler in exchange for money from the Company.
- The Subsidiary Alliance was first signed in 1765 with Awadh, where the Company promised to protect the boundaries of Awadh in exchange for money.
- Over time, the Subsidiary Alliance was accepted by other Princely States in a specific order.
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25. The Subsidiary Alliance was not accepted by-
(a) The Nizam of Hyderabad
(b) The Holkar state of Indore
(c) The Rajput state of Jodhpur
(d) The Ruler of Mysore
[U.P. P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (b) The Holkar state of Indore
- Lord Wellesley (1798-1805) used the Subsidiary Alliance System to gain political power over Indian states.
- Hyderabad (1798 and 1800), Mysore (1799), Tanjore (October 1799), Awadh (November 1801), Peshwa (December 1802), Bhonsle of Berar (December 1803), Sindhiya (February 1804), Jodhpur, Jaipur
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26. Who introduced the Subsidiary Alliance System in the administration to establish British power over the Indian States?
(a) Warren Hastings
(b) Lord Wellesley
(c) Lord Cornwallis
(d) Lord Dalhousie
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (b) Lord Wellesley
- Lord Wellesley, British Governor-General of India from 1798-1805, set up the Subsidiary Alliance System.
- Initially, he wanted to stay out of the affairs of the princely states, but then he decided to form this alliance.
- The Nizam of Hyderabad was the first ruler to sign the alliance.
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27. The main aim of East India Company was to make a subsidiary alliance in Rajput states was-
(a) Receiving military support against enemies
(b) Protecting these states from Maratha-Pindari invasion
(c) To receive funds in the form of Khiraj
(d) To establish the sovereignty of the British
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (d) To establish the sovereignty of the British
- Lord Wellesley used the subsidiary alliance to bring Indian states under British control.
- This helped the British Empire gain power and authority.
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28. Who among the following negotiated Subordinate Alliances of 1817-18 with the Princely States of Rajputana?
(a) David Ochterlony
(b) Charles Metcalf
(c) Arthur Wellesley
(d) John George
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b) Charles Metcalf
- Lord Hastings (1813-1823) wanted the British to be in control of India, and so suppressing the Marathas and the Pindaris was very important.
- He saw the Rajputana states as his allies against the Marathas and the Pindaris.
- Charles Metcalf was given the task of talking to the rulers of the Rajputana states to form an alliance.
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29. At a time when empires in Europe were crumbling before the might of Napoleon, one of the following Governors-General kept the British flag flying high in India.
(a) Lord Dalhousie
(b) Lord Cornwallis
(c) Lord Wellesley
(d) Lord Hastings
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (c) Lord Wellesley
- In 1797, Lord Wellesley arrived in India during a very difficult time for the British.
- Other European powers were joining forces to fight against France, and Napoleon had taken control of Egypt and Syria.
- He was planning to invade India. Lord Wellesley used the subsidiary alliance to help the British maintain power and protect themselves from Napoleon.
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30. The revolt of Vellore occur during the regime of which Governor?
(a) Wellesley
(b) Lord Minto
(c) Lord Cornwallis
(d) Sir George Barlow
(e) None of these
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) Sir George Barlow
- In 1806, the Sepoys protested against the British government getting in the way of their social and religious practices.
- They showed their support for the ruler of Mysore by raising his flag.
- This revolt took place when Sir George Barlow was in charge of India, from 1805 to 1807.
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31. Anglo-Nepal War took place during the reign of –
(a) Lord Cornwallis
(b) Lord Hastings
(c) Lord Wellesley
(d) Warren Hastings
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (b) Lord Hastings
- The war between England and Nepal happened while Lord Hastings was in charge and ended with the Treaty of Sugauli in 1815.
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32. The Treaty of Sagauli took place in the year
(a) 1800 A.D.
(b) 1803 A.D.
(c) 1805 A.D.
(d) 1815 A.D.
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) 1815 A.D.
- The war between Britain and Nepal happened during the rule of Lord Hastings and ended with the Treaty of Sugauli in 1815.
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33. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Hector Munro: Battle of Buxar
(b) Lord Hastings: Anglo-Nepal War
(c) Lord Wellesley: Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
(d) Lord Cornwallis: Third Anglo-Maratha War
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (d) Lord Cornwallis: Third Anglo-Maratha War
- The Third Anglo-Maratha War happened when Lord Hastings was in charge, not when Lord Cornwallis was.
- Option (d) does not fit.
- The fourth Anglo-Mysore War was during Lord Wellesley’s reign and the Anglo-Nepal War happened when Lord Hastings was in power.
- Hector Munro was the leader of the Battle of Buxar.
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34. The third Anglo-Maratha war is related to-
(a) Sir John Shore
(b) Lord Wellesley
(c) Lord Hastings
(d) Lord Cornwallis
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) Lord Hastings
- The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-18) was led by Lord Hastings.
- In February 1818, after losing the battle of Koregaon and Khirki, Peshwa Bajirao II gave up to the British.
- Lord Hastings was the Governor-General at the time of this war
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35. Sir Thomas Munro was Governor of Madras for years
(a) 1820-1827 A.D.
(b) 1819-1826 A.D.
(c) 1822-1829 A.D.
(d) 1818-1825 A.D.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) 1820-1827 A.D.
- Sir Thomas Munro was in charge of Madras from 1820-1827.
- He is known for introducing the Ryotwari System in India, which was a way of collecting taxes from the people who owned the land (ryots).
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36. Who among the following was/were associated with the introduction of the Ryotwari Settlement in India during British rule?
1. Lord Cornwallis 2. Alexander Read
3. Thomas Munro
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (c) 2 and 3 only
- In the Ryotwari System, every person who owns land is recognized as a landowner and must pay land revenue directly to the state.
- In the Madras Presidency, the first land revenue settlement was made in the Baramahal district in 1792, where Captain Reed and Thomas Munro calculated the state demand to be 50% of the estimated produce of the fields.
- When Thomas Munro became Governor of Madras (1820-27), he spread the Ryotwari System to all parts of the province, except for the areas that had already been permanently settled, and required 1/3 of the gross produce of the holding.
- Lord Cornwallis had introduced a permanent settlement in 1793.
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37. On the basis of alleged maladministration which Governor-General had taken the administration of Mysore state?
(a) Lord Wellesley
(b) Lord Hastings
(c) Lord William Bentinck
(d) Lord Harding
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) Lord William Bentinck
- In July 1828, Lord William Bentinck was appointed Governor-General and he worked hard to stop social issues like Sati, infanticide, and violence.
- He followed the orders of the ‘Court of Directors’ and chose to stay away from Indian states, even though there was an attack on British residents in Jaipur.
- He also chose not to get involved in Jodhpur, Bundi, Kota, and Bhopal for various reasons.
- In 1831, he took control of Mysore and the states of Kurg and Kachar in 1834 as there was a lot of unrest in these states.
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38. Who among the following Governor Generals of Bengal was associated with Third Anglo-Mysore War?
(a) Warren Hastings
(b) Lord Cornwallis
(c) Sir John Shore
(d) Lord William Cavendish Bentinck
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (b) Lord Cornwallis
- The Third Anglo-Mysore War, which happened from 1790 to 1792, was led by Lord Cornwallis.
- Tipu Sultan had to give away almost half of his state to the British, due to a treaty he signed in 1792 called the Treaty of Srirangapatna.
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39. Who among the following was associated with the suppression of thugs?
(a) General Henry Prendergast
(b) Captain Sleeman
(c) Alexander Burres
(d) Captain Robert Pemberton
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (b) Captain Sleeman
- The gang members were of both Hindu and Muslim faiths and worshipped gods such as Kali, Durga, and Bhavani.
- They would cut off people’s heads and offer them as sacrifices to the gods.
- Lord William asked Captain Sleeman to take action against the thugs, resulting in the arrest of 1500 of them.
- A lot of them were executed, while the rest were banished forever.
- By 1837, the organized thugs were gone.
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40. Under whose leadership was the suppression of Thugs achieved?
(a) Lord Clive
(b) Captain Sleeman
(c) Lord Minto
(d) Alexander Burnes
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (b) Captain Sleeman
- The criminals included members of both Hindu and Muslim faiths.
- They would pray to Kali, Durga, or Bhavani and would cut off heads and offer them as sacrifices to the goddess.
- Lord William appointed Captain Sleeman to take action against these criminals.
- He was able to capture 1,500 of them, some of whom were hanged and the rest were exiled for life.
- By 1837, these organized criminals had been completely eliminated.
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41. Sati system was abolished by –
(a) Lord Warren Hastings
(b) Lord Wellesley
(c) Lord William Bentinck
(d) Lord Ripon
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2012, M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1998, M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1993, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (c) Lord William Bentinck
- Sati is a term used to describe a holy and virtuous woman in Hindu rituals.
- It was believed that if a woman became a Sati, seven generations of her husband would go to heaven.
- This belief was popular among Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Rajputs.
- Some rulers in India, like Akbar, tried to get rid of this practice.
- The Marathas completely got rid of it.
- The Portuguese and French also tried to stop it in Goa and Chandranagar.
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy started an effort to abolish the Sati system, and the Bengal Code passed a law in 1829 to make it illegal.
|
42. In which year Sati System was abolished by William Bentinck?
(a) 1825 A.D.
(b) 1827 A.D.
(c) 1829 A.D.
(d) 1830 A.D.
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) 1829 A.D.
- Sati is a term used to describe a holy and virtuous woman in Hindu rituals.
- It was believed that if a woman became Sati, seven generations of her husband would go to heaven.
- This practice was popular among Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Rajputs.
- Emperor Akbar, the Portuguese, and the French all tried to stop the Sati system, and Raja Ram Mohan Roy started a campaign against it.
- The Bengal Sati Regulation banned this practice in British India in 1829.
|
43. ‘Hill Assembly Plan’ was set up for the development of Adivasi by
(a) T. Wilkinson
(b) Cleveland
(c) Lord William Bentinck
(d) Lord Macaulay
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Lord Macaulay
- Cleveland created the ‘Hill Assembly Plan’ to help the Adivasi people.
- This included appointing hereditary hill chiefs (called sardars) to oversee the hill areas that Pahariyas lived in.
- The assembly would meet twice a year and had the power to give out capital punishment.
- The sardars were in charge of reporting any crimes or law and order issues to the authorities.
|
44. The export of slaves from Bengal was banned in which year?
(a) 1764
(b) 1789
(c) 1858
(d) 1868
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) 1789
- In 1789, exporting slaves from Bengal was prohibited.
- In 1811 and 1823, more regulations about slaves were put in place.
- The Governor was asked in 1833 to make a law to put an end to slavery as soon as possible.
- Slavery was declared illegal in all parts of India in 1843.
- Lastly, in 1860, slavery was declared a crime under the Indian Penal Code.
|
45. Awadh was annexed to British Empire in India by :
(a) Policy of subsidiary alliance
(b) Doctrine of Lapse
(c) By declaring the State as maladministered
(d) By waging war
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (c) By declaring the State as maladminister
- Lord Dalhousie was very effective in his plan to accuse the Nawab of Awadh, Wajid Ali Shah, of bad management.
- He then merged his state into the British Empire on February 13, 1856.
- He sent his officer to investigate the situation and they sent him a report about the bad management.
- Lord Dalhousie then sent the report to London to get permission to merge Awadh.
- He also merged Satara, Jaitpur, Sambalpur, Bhagat, Udaipur, Jhansi, Karauli, and Nagpur into the British Empire under the Doctrine
|
46. Consider the annexation of the following States under the ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ and arrange them into chronological order :
1. Satara
2. Jhansi
3. Baghat
4. Udaipur
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Codes:
(a) 1, 4, 3, 2
(b) 3, 1, 2, 4
(c) 1, 3, 4, 2
(d) 2, 4, 1, 3
[U.P.B.E.O. (Pre) 2019]
Ans (c) 1, 3, 4, 2
- Lord Dalhousie was very effective in his plan to accuse the Nawab of Awadh, Wajid Ali Shah, of bad governing.
- He then joined this state to the British Empire on February 13, 1856.
- He sent an officer to research the truth of the situation and sent a report to London asking for permission to join Awadh.
- Lord Dalhousie (1848-56) also joined Satara in 1848, Jaitpur and Sambalpur in 1849, Bhagat in 1850, Udaipur in 1852, Jhansi in 1853, Karauli
|
47. Oudh was amalgamated into the British dominion in the year–
(a) 1853
(b) 1854
(c) 1855
(d) 1856
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (d) 1856
- Lord Dalhousie made a plan to accuse the Nawab of Awadh, Wajid Ali Shah, of not taking good care of his state.
- He got permission from London to merge Awadh into the British Empire on February 13, 1856.
- He sent an officer to check the situation and the officer gave a full report about the bad administration.
- He also merged other states like Satara, Jaitpur and Sambalpur, Bhagat, Udaipur, Jhansi, Karauli and Nagpur under the Doctrine of Lapse.
|
48. James Andrew Ramsay was the real name of which Government-General of India?
(a) Lord Dalhousie
(b) Lord Canning
(c) Lord North
(d) Lord Curzon
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) Lord Dalhousie
- James Andrew Broun Ramsay, who is more commonly known as ‘The Earl of Dalhousie’, was the Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856.
|
49. Which of the underwritten pairs is correctly matched?
(a) 1849 A.D. – Merger of Satara
(b) 1848 A.D. – Merger of Punjab
(c) 1856 A.D. – Merger of Awadh
(d) 1855 A.D. – Merger of Jhansi
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (c) 1856 A.D. – Merger of Awadh
- James Andrew Broun Ramsay, better known as ‘The Earl of Dalhousie’, was the Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856.
|
50. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :
List-I List-II
(Place) (Year of Annexation by British)
A. Sambalpur 1. 1848
B. Satara 2. 1849
C. Awadh 3. 1854
D. Jhansi 4. 1856
Codes :
A B C D
(a) 2 1 3 4
(b) 2 1 4 3
(c) 1 2 4 3
(d) 3 1 4 2
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (b) 2 1 4 3
- The correct match of list-I and list-II is as follows –
| (Place) |
(Year of Annexation by the British) |
| Sambalpur |
1849 AD |
| Satara |
1848 AD |
| Awadh |
1856 AD |
| Jhansi |
1854 AD |
|
51. Consider the following events and arrange them in chronological order:
I. Merger of Sikkim II. Merger of Jhansi
III. Merger of Punjab IV. Merger of Burma
Select the correct answer from the code given below
Code:
(a) I, II, III, IV
(b) III, I, IV, II
(c) II, IV, I, III
(d) I, III, II, IV
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (d) I, III, II, IV
- In 1853, Jhansi was taken over by the British, Punjab was taken over in 1849, and Burma was taken over completely when King Thibaw surrendered in November 1885.
- In 1835, part of Sikkim, including Darjeeling, was annexed by the British, but both independent and British Sikkim coexisted until 1890.
- If 1835 is taken as the year Sikkim was taken over, then option (d) is correct,
|
52. Who among the following formulated and implemented the ‘Doctrine of Lapse’?
(a) Wellesley
(b) Hastings
(c) Dalhousie
(d) Clive
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (c) Dalhousie
- Jhansi was made part of the British in 1853 and Punjab was taken over in 1849.
In November 1885, the King of Burma surrendered and the whole of Burma was added to the British.
- Darjeeling and the rest of Sikkim became part of the British in 1835, but there were still bits of independent Sikkim until 1890.
|
53. The ruler of which one of the following states was removed from power by the British on the pretext of misgovernance?
(a) Awadh
(b) Jhansi
(c) Nagpur
(d) Satara
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (a) Awadh
- In 1853, Jhansi became part of the British Empire, while Punjab joined in 1849.
- In 1835, the British took control of part of Sikkim, including Darjeeling.
- However, both an independent and British Sikkim existed until 1890.
- Therefore, it can be said that 1835 was the year Sikkim merged with the British Empire.
|
54. Consider the following Princely States of the British rule in India :
1. Jhansi
2. Sambalpur
3. Satara
The correct chronological order in which they were annexed by the British is :
(a) 1, 2, 3
(b) 1, 3, 2
(c) 3, 2, 1
(d) 3, 1, 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (c) 3, 2, 1
- In 1848 A.D., Dalhousie took over Satara and in 1849, Sambalpur in Orissa was annexed by him.
- In 1853, Jhansi was also added to his control.
- All these states were taken over by Dalhousie
|
55. Which of the following was the first victim of Lord Dalhousie’s ‘policy of doctrine of lapse’?
(a) Jhansi
(b) Satara
(c) Karauli
(d) Sambhalpur
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Satara
- Lord Dalhousie’s policy was to take control of any independent Indian state if the ruler died without leaving any children or was judged to be incapable.
- This policy was first used in the state of Satara in 1848.
|
56. The conquest of Sindh by the British was completed during the period of –
(a) Lord Ellenborough
(b) Lord Hardinge
(c) Lord Aukland
(d) Lord Amherst
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (a) Lord Ellenborough
- During Lord Ellenborough’s rule (1842-1844), Sindh officially became part of the British Empire in August 1843.
- This was what led to the First Anglo Afghan War.
|
57. Sindh was annexed by the British in –
(a) 1843
(b) 1845
(c) 1849
(d) 1854
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (a) 1843
- Lord Ellenborough was in charge between 1842-1844.
- In August 1843, Sindh became part of the British Empire.
- This was a key factor in starting the First Anglo Afghan War.
|
58. The princely state of Baghat was annexed to the British in
(a) 1848
(b) 1850
(c) 1852
(d) 1853
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) 1850
- Lord Dalhousie used the Doctrine of Lapse to take control of the states Satara (1848), Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849), Baghat (1850), Udaip
|
59. Which of the following Princely States was not annexed by the British?
(a) Sind
(b) Gwalior
(c) Awadh
(d) Satara
(e) None of the above/ More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017]
Ans (b) Gwalior
- The British did not take control of Gwalior.
|
60. Who among the following was the British residence in Awadh at the time of its annexation into the British Dominion?
(a) James Outram
(b) W.H. Sleeman
(c) Bishop R. Heber
(d) General Low
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (a) James Outram
- In 1854, James Outram was given the job of British Resident of Awadh instead of Sleeman.
- He said that Awadh’s government was bad and the public were in a really bad situation.
- Outram’s report was the reason why Awadh became part of British India in February 1856.
- Henry Lawrence, a British resident in Lucknow, was killed by the people who were rebelling in 1857.
|
61. The first railway in India was laid down during the period of-
(a) Lord Dalhousie
(b) Lord Curzon
(c) Lord Wellesley
(d) Lord Lytton
[48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (a) Lord Dalhousie
- Lord Dalhousie, a British Governor-General, made a good decision to build a railway line in India.
- This first railway line was built from Mumbai to Thane in 1853 while he was in office.
- The purpose of building railways in India was to move materials from different parts of the country to the ports, as well as to move the army to far away places to stop rebellions.
|
62. The first railway line was opened in India between –
(a) Howrah and Serampore
(b) Bombay and Thane
(c) Madras and Guntur
(d) Delhi and Agra
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (b) Bombay and Thane
- Lord Dalhousie, a British Governor-General, made a good decision to build a railway line in India.
- The first railway line went from Mumbai to Thane in 1853 during his rule.
- The main purpose of the railway was to move raw materials from inside India to the ports and transport the military to distant areas if there were any revolts.
|
63. The first railway line in India was started in the year-
(a) 1853
(b) 1850
(c) 1840
(d) 1890
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) 1853
- Lord Dalhousie, a British Governor-General, made a wise decision to build a railway line in India.
- The first line was built between Mumbai and Thane in 1853.
- Its purpose was to transport raw materials from the interior of the country to the ports, and to send the army to places that were far away, in case of a revolt.
|
64. Which company started the First Railway Service in India?
(a) Eastern Railway
(b) Great Indian Peninsula Railway
(c) Madras Railway
(d) Awadh-Tirhut Railway
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (b) Great Indian Peninsula Railway
- In 1853, the Great Indian Peninsula Railway began the first railway service in India, running between Boribandar (Bombay) and Thane in Mumbai.
|
65. The last major extension of British Indian territory took place during the time of :
(a) Dufferin
(b) Dalhousie
(c) Lytton
(d) Curzon
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (a) Dufferin
- The Third Anglo-Burma War was fought in 1885.
- As a result of this war, Burma was added to British India on January 1st, 1886.
- This was the last significant expansion of the British Indian territory.
- Lord Dufferin was the Viceroy of India at the time.
|
66. Public Works Department was organized in 1845-1855 by –
(a) Lord Dalhousie
(b) Lord Cornwallis
(c) George Auckland
(d) Warren Hastings
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) Lord Dalhousie
- Prior to Lord Dalhousie, public construction projects were overseen by the army board.
- During the time of Lord Dalhousie (1845-1855), the Public Works Department was created for the first time.
|
67. In whose rule the Widow Remarriage Act was implemented in –
(a) Lord Dalhousie
(b) Lord Canning
(c) Sir Henry Harding
(d) Lord Lawrence
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2003, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) Lord Canning
- In 1856, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar worked hard to get the Widow Remarriage Act passed under Lord Canning’s rule.
- This Act made it legal for widowed people to remarry and any children born from the marriage were recognized as legal.
|
68. Queen Victoria’s manifesto was read out in Allahabad on November 1, 1858, by –
(a) Lord William Bentinck
(b) Lord Canning
(c) Lord Burnham
(d) Sir Harcourt Butler
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (b) Lord Canning
- The Rebellion of 1857 resulted in a shift of power from the East India Company to the British crown.
- On November 1, 1858, Lord Canning held a gathering in Allahabad, where Queen Victoria’s proclamation was declared.
- This marked the beginning of Lord Canning’s term as the first Viceroy of India.
|
69. Who of the following was the first Viceroy of India?
(a) Lord Clive
(b) Lord Cornwallis
(c) Lord Canning
(d) Lord Ripon
[U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010]
Ans. (c) Lord Canning
- The Revolt of 1857 had a big impact – it changed power from the East India Company to the British Queen.
- This was announced by Lord Canning at a special event in Allahabad on November 1, 1858, when he was appointed as the first Viceroy of India.
|
70. Queen Victoria’s Proclamation was read out by Lord Canning on 1st November 1858 at –
(a) Allahabad
(b) Calcutta
(c) Bombay
(d) Madras
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (a) Allahabad
- The Revolt of 1857 was a big event that changed power from the company to the Queen of Britain.
- Lord Canning held a special event in Allahabad on November 1, 1858 where Queen Victoria’s announcement was read.
- He was the first Viceroy of India after this change.
|
71. The right to adopt an heir in place of own son was re-established by –
(a) Government of India Act of 1858
(b) Lord Canning
(c) Release of Charter in 1860
(d) Queen’s announcement of 1858
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (d) Queen’s announcement of 1858
- At a Durbar organized by Lord Canning in Allahabad on November 1, 1858, Queen Victoria’s proclamation was read out, which greatly altered the policy towards Indian rulers and allowed them to keep their estates if there was a crisis.
- The policy of taking over and annexing the native states was completely abolished and the rulers were allowed to choose successors.
|
72. Queen Victoria was appointed the Empress of India in –
(a) 1858
(b) 1876
(c) 1877
(d) 1885
[38th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (c) 1877
- In 1877, Queen Victoria was given the title of Empress of India.
|
73. Which Governor General had abolished slavery?
(a) Lord Cornwallis
(b) Lord Ellenborough
(c) Lord William Bentinck
(d) Sir John Shore
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011, U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010, U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Lord Ellenborough
- In 1843, Lord Ellenborough, the Governor-General of India at the time, passed Act-V which ended slavery.
- He was in office from 1842 to 1844.
|
74. Which one of the following is correctly matched?
(a) Lord Cornwallis – Permanent Settlement
(b) Lord Wellesley – Masterly Inactivity
(c) Lord Dalhousie – Subsidiary Alliance
(d) Lord Canning – Foundation of Indian National Congress
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (a) Lord Cornwallis – Permanent Settlement
- Lord Cornwallis set up the Permanent Settlement System in 1793, John Lawrence was associated with not taking action, Lord Wellesley had the Subsidiary Alliance, and Lord Dalhousie was connected to the Doctrine of Lapse.
- A.O Hume established the Indian National Congress on December 28, 1885, while Lord Dufferin was in power.
|
75. Who merged Sikkim in India?
(a) Lord Hastings
(b) Lord William Bentinck
(c) Lord Dalhousie
(d) Lord Auckland
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans (c) Lord Dalhousie
- Sikkim was a small capital located between Nepal and Bhutan.
- Lord Dalhousie took parts of Sikkim, such as Darjeeling and other distant regions, as punishment for the Sikkim king’s mistreatment of two English doctors.
|
76. Which one of the following is NOT correctly matched?
(a) Lord Cornwallis – Permanent Settlement
(b) Lord Wellesley – Subsidiary Alliance
(c) Lord Dalhousie – Doctrine of Lapse
(d) Lord Canning – Masterly Inactivity
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (d) Lord Canning – Masterly Inactivity
- Sikkim was a tiny kingdom in-between Nepal and Bhutan.
- Lord Dalhousie took control of some areas of Sikkim, such as Darjeeling and other distant places due to the Sikkim ruler allegedly mistreating two English doctors.
|
77. ‘Permanent Settlement’ was introduced during the tenure of –
(a) Warren Hastings
(b) Lord Cornwallis
(c) Sir John Shore
(d) Lord Wellesley
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Lord Cornwallis
- Sikkim was a small kingdom between Nepal and Bhutan.
- Lord Dalhousie took control of some of Sikkim’s land, such as Darjeeling and other distant regions, because the king of Sikkim had treated two English doctors poorly.
|
78. Which of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Lord Cornwallis – Permanent Settlement
(b) Lord Wellesley – Subsidiary alliance system
(c) Lord Hastings – Second Anglo-Maratha War
(d) Lord William – Seventeenth Regulation of 1829 Bentinck
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (c) Lord Hastings – Second Anglo-Maratha War
- The Second Anglo-Maratha War happened while Lord Wellesley was in power (1803-1805).
- The Third Anglo-Maratha War took place during Lord Hastings’ reign (1817-1818).
- After winning the Third Anglo-Maratha War, Lord Hastings got rid of the title of Peshwa and included all the Peshwa-dominated areas into the Bombay Presidency.
- The Company also gained control of Bundelkhand, Malwa, and the rest of India.
|
79. When was Peshwaship abolished?
(a) In 1858
(b) In 1818
(c) In 1861
(d) In 1802
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (b) In 1818
- The second Anglo-Maratha War was fought during the time of Lord Wellesley, and the third Anglo-Maratha War was fought during the reign of Lord Hastings.
- After winning the third war, Lord Hastings got rid of the title of Peshwa and added all the regions of the Peshwa to the Bombay presidency.
- The British Company also gained control over the political power of Bundelkhand, Malwa, and all the other regions that were ruled by the Peshwas.
|
80. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Local self-government – Lord Lytton
(b) Subsidiary Alliance – Lord Wellesley
(c) Doctrine of Lapse – Lord Dalhousie
(d) Permanent Settlement – Lord Cornwallis
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. 2017]
Ans. (a) Local self-government – Lord Lytton
- Lord Ripon, who is known as the ‘Father of local self-government’, introduced a government resolution about local self-government during his time in office in 1882.
- The other answers are correct.
|
81. Which of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Lord Cornwallis: Permanent Settlement
(b) Lord Wellesley: Subsidiary Alliance System
(c) Sir John Shore: Anglo-Nepal War
(d) Lord Hastings: Third Anglo-Maratha War
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (c) Sir John Shore: Anglo-Nepal War
- The Anglo-Nepal War happened during Lord Hastings’ time.
- The first war was fought in 1814 but no outcome resulted.
- The second war in 1815 saw Almora in Kumaon conquered by Major-General Ochterlony, and Veer Gorkha Sardar Amar Singh forced to give up the Fort of Malwa.
- This led to the British army being only 30 km away from Kathmandu.
- As a result, the ruler of Nepal signed the Treaty of Sagauli in 1815 and gave the British control of Kumaon, Garhwal, and Shimla districts
|
82. Which one of the following is correctly matched?
(a) Lord Ellenborough – Annexation of Awadh
(b) Lord Dalhousie – Annexation of Sindh
(c) Lord Wellesley – Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
(d) Sir John Shore – Third Anglo- Maratha War
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (c) Lord Wellesley – Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
- The correctly matched list is as follows
| Lord Ellenborough |
Annexation of Sindh in British state in August 1843 |
| Lord Dalhousie |
Annexation of Awadh charging maladministration in 1856 |
| Lord Wellesley |
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799) |
| Lord Hastings |
Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-18) |
|
83. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Lord Dalhousie – Annexation of Awadh
(b) Lord Dufferin – Establishment of Indian National Congress
(c) Lord William – Passing of the Charter Act, Bentinck 1833
(d) Lord Lytton – Beginning of the first Anglo-Afghan War
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (d) Lord Lytton – Beginning of the first Anglo-Afghan War
- Option (d) is not the right match. The First Anglo-Afghan War happened between the English East India Company and Afghanistan from 1839 to 1842 while Lord Auckland was the Governor-General.
- The second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-80) took place while Lord Lytton was in office.
|
84. The Viceroy who followed an aggressive policy toward Afghanistan was
(a) Lord Mayo
(b) Lord Lytton
(c) Lord Dufferin
(d) Lord Canning
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (b) Lord Lytton
- Lord Lytton was the Viceroy of India from 1876-1880.
- He had a policy of not intervening in Afghanistan, which led to the Anglo-Afghan War in 1878.
- People were not happy with his policy and the war was very costly.
|
85. Who among the following is associated with the policy of ‘Masterly Inactivity’ :
(a) William Bentinck
(b) Lord Canning
(c) Lord Mayo
(d) John Lawrence
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (d) John Lawrence
- During the time when Lord Ellenborough and Lord Northbrook were in office, a policy called ‘Masterly Inactivity’ was used for the Anglo-Afghan War.
- This policy is most associated with John Lawrence because they had plenty of chances to use it during his tenure. J.W.S. Wiley first wrote about this in an article for the Edinburgh Review.
|
86. The 1st census in India during the British period was held during the tenure of –
(a) Lord Dufferin
(b) Lord Lytton
(c) Lord Mayo
(d) Lord Ripon
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2004, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (c) Lord Mayo
- The first census in British India began during the time of Lord Mayo (1869-72), but the consistent census started while Lord Ripon was in charge in 1881.
|
87. Who was the person to conduct Census in India for the first time?
(a) Ripon
(b) Lytton
(c) Dufferin
(d) Lord Mayo
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (d) Lord Mayo
- The first official population count in British India was taken in 1872 under the rule of Lord Mayo.
- After that, regular censuses were held beginning in 1881 while Lord Ripon was in power.
|
88. Which one of the following Viceroy of India was murdered by a convict in Andaman and Nicobar Island while he was on tour?
(a) Lord Curzon
(b) Lord Ripon
(c) Lord Mayo
(d) Lord Minto
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (c) Lord Mayo
- Lord Mayo, the first Governor-General to be killed while in office, was killed by an already convicted prisoner while he was taking a walk in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
|
89. Which viceroy was murdered in his tenure?
(a) Lord Curzon
(b) Lord Mayo
(c) Lord Ripon
(d) Lord Wellesley
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) Lord Mayo
- Lord Mayo, the first Governor-General to be killed while in office, was fatally stabbed by an inmate while he was out on a walk in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
|
90. The Governor-General followed a spirited “Forward” policy toward Afghanistan was:
(a) Minto
(b) Dufferin
(c) Elgin
(d) Lytton
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (d) Lytton
- Lord Lytton was chosen to be the Viceroy of India in 1876 by the Conservative Prime Minister, Benjamin Disraeli.
- He chose to take the ‘Forward Policy’ instead of the ‘Masterly inactivity’
|
91. During the following viceroy’s periods the title of ‘Rai Bahadur’ and ‘Khan Bahadur’ began to confer to Indians.
(a) Lord Ripon
(b) Lord Lytton
(c) Lord Mayo
(d) Lord Dufferin
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
- In 1857, local rulers, landlords, and other people in the area were given a title to help put down the revolt.
- There are some records that show they were given this honor again in 1859 and 1860.
|
92. Who had the longest tenure as the Viceroy of India?
(a) Lord Curzon
(b) Lord Dufferin
(c) Lord Hardinge
(d) Lord Mayo
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (a) Lord Curzon
| Lord Curzon |
1899-1905 = 7 years |
| Lord Dufferin |
1884-1888 = 4 years |
| Lord Harding |
1910-1916 = 6 years |
| Lord Mayo |
1869-1872 = 3 years |
|
93. In 1902, Lord Curzon appointed the University Commission including two Indian members. Who were they?
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Surendranath Banerjee
(b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Rashbehari Bose
(c) Syed Hussain Bilgrami and Surendranath Banerjee
(d) Syed Hussain Bilgrami & Justice Gurudas Banerjee
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020]
Ans (d) Syed Hussain Bilgrami & Justice Gurudas Banerjee
- In 1902, Lord Curzon asked the Indian University Commission to be created for the purpose of making suggestions to improve university education in India.
- Thomas Raleigh, Syed Hussain Bilgrami, and Justice Gurdas Banerjee were the members of this commission.
|
94. Who established Imperial Cadet Corps?
(a) Lord Minto
(b) Lord Curzon
(c) Lord Lytton
(d) Lord Ripon
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017]
Ans (b) Lord Curzon
- The Imperial Cadet Corps was created in November 1901 with approval from the Secretary of State for India.
- Lord Curzon was in charge of keeping an eye on it.
- Major DH Cameroon was its leader and Maharaja Pratap Singh of Idar was its honorary leader.
|
95. Local Self-Government institutions in India were strengthened in 1882 by :
(a) George Barlow
(b) Lord Rippon
(c) Lord Curzon
(d) Lord Lytton
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (b) Lord Rippon
- In 1880, the Liberal Party, led by Gladstone, took control in England.
- Gladstone supported freedom in Europe, and Lord Rippon was appointed Viceroy.
- On May 18, 1882, Lord Ripon issued a historic resolution to develop municipalities in the country.
- He thought this was the start of political education in the country.
- This resolution created local boards in rural areas, Tehsils or Taluka in every district, and municipalities in cities.
- The institutions were given tasks and income sources.
|
96. Who was responsible for encouraging the local self Govt. in India?
(a) Lord Mayo
(b) Lord Lytton
(c) Lord Canning
(d) Lord Ripon
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2010, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (d) Lord Ripon
- In 1880, the Liberal Party with Gladstone as their leader gained power in England.
- Lord Rippon was named as the Viceroy during this time.
- On May 18, 1882, Lord Ripon made a resolution to promote the growth of local self-government.
- He wanted to give people in the country a better political education.
- Through this resolution, local boards were created in rural areas and municipalities in cities.
- These institutions had certain tasks and sources of income.
|
97. The Ilbert Bill controversy was related to the
(a) Imposition of certain restriction to carry by the Indians
(b) Imposition of restrictions on newspapers and magazines published in the Indian language
(c) Removal of disqualifications imposed on the Indian Magistrates about the trial of the Europeans
(d) Removal of duty on imported cotton cloth
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) Removal of disqualifications imposed on the Indian Magistrates about the trial of the Europeans
- The Ilbert Bill was a law proposed by Viceroy Ripon in 1883 for British India that would change existing laws to let Indian Judges and Magistrates judge British people in criminal cases in the district level, something that was not allowed before.
- People in Britain and British settlers in India were strongly against it which caused problems between the different races.
|
98. The first Factory Act for restricting the working hours of women and children, and authorizing local government to make necessary rules was adopted during whose time?
(a) Lord Lytton
(b) Lord Bentinck
(c) Lord Ripon
(d) Lord Canning
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (c) Lord Ripon
- Lord Ripon is known to have been the most progressive Viceroy of India.
- He created the Factory Act of 1881, which sought to improve the lives of workers.
- This Act banned the hiring of children under the age of 7 and children under 12 from working more than 9 hours a day, and also guaranteed a four day break each month.
|
99. Consider the following statements :
1. The Factories Act, of 1881 was passed with a view to fix the wages of industrial workers and to allow the workers to form trade unions.
2. N.M. Lokhande was a pioneer in organizing the labor movement in British India.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (b) 2 only
- The Factories Act of 1881 made it illegal to employ children under the age of 7, limited the number of hours that children under 12 could work, and made sure dangerous machinery was properly fenced off.
- This was to make sure young workers were safe.
- N.M. Lokhande was a leader in the labor movement in India who fought for better working conditions in the 19th century, as well as for issues around caste and community.
- Therefore, only statement 2 is correct.
|
100. Who amongst the following is considered to be the Father of ‘Local Self-Government’ in India?
(a) Lord Dalhousie
(b) Lord Canning
(c) Lord Curzon
(d) Lord Ripon
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (d) Lord Ripon
- Lord Ripon, often known as the Father of Local Self-Government in India, introduced the proposal for Local Self-Government in 1882.
- He instructed provincial governments to look into their financial resources and determine which items could be given to the local administration for general expenses.
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101. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below :
List- I List- II
1. Clive A. Removal of press restriction
2. Bentinck B. Partition of Bengal
3. Charles Metcalfe C. Dual Govt. in Bengal
4. Curzon D. English Education
Code :
1 2 3 4
(a) C D A B
(b) D A C B
(c) B D C A
(d) C B A D
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) C D A B
- In 1765, Lord Clive created a system of two governments in Bengal.
- During the rule of Bentinck, Macaulay laid the groundwork for modern education.
- His plan was to create a group that had Indian heritage but was English in terms of opinions, morals, intellect, and tastes.
- This proposal was accepted on March 7, 1835, and English was declared the language for high-level administration.
- Charles Metcalfe was a liberator of newspapers as he lifted all restrictions from the press.
- The partition of Bengal happened during Lord Curzon’s rule in 1905.
|
102. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below :
List-I List-II
| I. Lord Dalhousie |
A. Prohibition of Sati |
| II. Lord William Bentinck |
B. Local Self-Government |
| III. Lord Rippon |
C. Division of Bengal |
| IV. Lord Curzon |
D. Doctrine of Lapse |
Code :
I II III IV
(a) D A B C
(b) D B A C
(c) A B C D
(d) A A B D
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (a) D A B C
| I. Lord Dalhousie |
Doctrine of Lapse |
| II. Lord William Bentinck |
A. Prohibition of Sati |
| III. Lord Rippon |
B. Local Self-Government |
| IV. Lord Curzon |
C. Division of Bengal |
|
103. Which one of the following pairs (G.G. and Event) is properly matched?
(a) Lord Cornwallis – Regulating Act
(b) Lord Wellesley – Permanent Settlement
(c) Lord Ellenborough – Annexation of Sindh
(d) Lord Dalhousie – First Afghan War.
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Lord Ellenborough – Annexation of Sindh
- In 1843, Sindh was added to India during the period of Lord Ellenborough (1842-44).
- At this time, Warren Hastings was made the first Governor-General of Bengal due to the Regulating Act.
- The term of Lord Cornwallis was from 1786 to 1793 and he banned slave trade, started Civil Services and police services, and put in place the Permanent Settlement.
- From 1798 to 1805, Lord Wellesley had charge and implemented the Subsidiary Alliance System, the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, the Second Anglo-Maratha War, and opened Fort William College in Calcutta.
- Lord Dalhousie was Governor-General from 1848 to 1856 and his major events were during
|
104. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Hector Munro – Battle of Buxar
(b) Lord Hastings – Anglo-Nepal War
(c) Lord Wellesley – Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
(d) Lord Cornwallis – Third Anglo-Maratha War
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (d) Lord Cornwallis – Third Anglo-Maratha War
- Three wars were fought between the Marathas and the British.
- Warren Hastings was the Governor-general during the First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-82).
- Lord Wellesley was in charge during the Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-05 AD), and Lord Hastings during the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-18).
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105. The Archaeological Survey of India was established in the period of –
(a) Warren Hastings
(b) Lord Wellesley
(c) Lord Curzon
(d) Lord William Bentinck
[U.P. Lower (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (c) Lord Curzon
- In 1784, the Asiatic Society in Calcutta was set up by William Jones, marking the beginning of archaeological surveys.
- In 1861, Lord Canning named Alexander Cunningham as head of the Archaeological Survey Department.
- Lord Curzon later combined and organized the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and made John Marshall its director-general in 1901.
|
106. Who is called the ‘Father of Indian Archaeology’?
(a) Alexander Cunningham
(b) John Marshall
(c) Mortimer Wheeler
(d) James Prinsep
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (a) Alexander Cunningham
- Alexander Cunningham was a British military engineer who became interested in the past and archaeology of India.
- He is known as the ‘Father of Indian Archaeology’.
- After leaving the army in 1861, he was hired by the government of India to do archaeological surveys.
|
107. The Archaeological Survey of India was established during the period of
(a) Lord Curzon
(b) Lord Wellesley
(c) Lord William Bentinck
(d) Warren Hastings
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (a) Lord Curzon
- Alexander Cunningham was a former British army engineer who became passionate about studying the history and archaeology of India.
- He is well-known as the “Father of Indian Archaeology”.
- After leaving the army in 1861, he was hired by the government of India to work as an archaeologist.
|
108. Who among the following established the Department of Archaeological Survey?
(a) Lord Curzon
(b) Lord Minto
(c) Lord Hardinge
(d) Lord Chelmsford
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (a) Lord Curzon
- Alexander Cunningham was a British military engineer who became deeply interested in India’s history and archaeology.
- He is deemed the “Father of Indian Archaeology”.
- After leaving the army in 1861, he was hired by the Indian government to survey archaeological sites.
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109. During the tenure of which Governor-General was the ‘Ancient Monuments Preservation Act’ passed –
(a) Lord Minto
(b) Lord Linlithgow
(c) Lord Curzon
(d) Lord Canning
[U.P.U.D.A/L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010, U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]
Ans. (c) Lord Curzon
- In 1904, the British Indian government passed the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act.
- This act was made to protect and acquire ancient monuments and objects that were of archaeological, historical, and artistic interest.
- Lord Curzon, Governor General at the time, allocated 50000 pounds for the preservation of these monuments.
- He also combined the Archaeological Survey of India and appointed John Marshall as its Director-General in 1901.
|
110. An important event of Lord Dufferin’s tenure as Viceroy was
(a) Establishment of Ramakrishna Mission
(b) Establishment of Muslim league in Dhaka
(c) Establishment of the Indian National Congress
(d) Beginning of the First Census
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (c) Establishment of the Indian National Congress
- When Lord Duff Erin was Viceroy of India (1884-1888), the creation of the Indian National Congress (1885) was a significant moment.
- At first, he thought the Congress was only representing a tiny group of people and didn’t take it seriously.
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111. Who among the following Governors-General ridiculed Congress as representing only a ‘microscopic minority of people?
(a) Lord Dufferin
(b) Lord Curzon
(c) Lord Minto
(d) Lord Lansdown
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (a) Lord Dufferin
- Lord Duff Erin was the Viceroy when the Indian National Congress was set up in 1885.
- At first, he thought it was only a tiny group of people and didn’t give it much attention.
|
112. Who compared Curzon’s administration in India to that of Aurangzeb?
(a) B.G. Tilak
(b) G.K. Gokhale
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji
(d) Annie Besant
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (b) G.K. Gokhale
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale said that Lord Curzon’s ruling in India was similar to Aurangzeb’s.
|
113. “In my belief, Congress is to tottering to its fall, and one of my great ambitions while in India is to assist it to a peaceful demise.” Who wrote it?
(a) Lord Lytton
(b) Lord Dufferin
(c) Lord Curzon
(d) Lord Minto
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) Lord Curzon
- During the time Curzon governed India (1899-1905) he created a lot of things, but he didn’t do a lot of other things.
- He didn’t think of India as a nation and he insulted Indian nationalists by not taking them seriously.
- In 1900, Curzon said he wanted to help the Indian nationalists go away peacefully.
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114. Consider the following Viceroys of India during the British rule:
1. Lord Curzon
2. Lord Hardinge
3. Lord Chelmsford
4. Lord Irwin
Which one of the following is the correct chronological order of their tenure?
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4
(b) 2, 4, 1, 3
(c) 1, 4, 2, 3
(d) 2, 3, 1, 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (a) 1, 2, 3, 4
- The correctly matched list is as follows:
| Lord Curzon |
1899-1905 A.D. |
| Lord Hardinge |
1910-1916 A.D. |
| Lord Chelmsford |
1916-1921 A.D. |
| Lord Irwin |
1926-1931 A.D. |
|
115. The strategy of ‘Divide and Rule’ was adopted by
(a) Lord Curzon
(b) Lord Minto
(c) Lord Dalhousie
(d) Lord Wellesley
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (a & b) Lord Curzon & Lord Minto
- The British used the ‘Divide and Rule’ strategy to make use of the disagreements between Hindus and Muslims during the time of Lord Curzon and Lord Minto.
- The 1905 partition of Bengal was a sign of this plan.
- Its two goals were to create a divide between Hindus and Muslims and to break the spirit of the newly awakened Bengal.
- Lord Minto also introduced a special voting system for Muslims.
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116. “The Muslims, if contented and satisfied, would become the greatest bulwark of British power in India.”Who wrote it?
(a) Herbert Risley
(b) Lord Lytton
(c) W.W. Hunter
(d) H.N. Brailsford
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) W.W. Hunter
- In his book ‘The Indian Musalmans’, W.W. Hunter said that if the Muslims were content and happy, they would be a huge support for British rule in India.
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117. Which of the following Governor-General used the system of Separate electoral colleges to conquer Muslims and make them against Congress?
(a) Lord Curzon
(b) Lord Duff erin
(c) Lord Hardinge
(d) Lord Minto
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (d) Lord Minto
- In 1905, Lord Minto became the ruler of India and John Morley was made the Minister for India.
- The changes they made are now known as the Morley-Minto reforms (1909).
- The law of India (1909) created different groups for Muslims to vote and have their own places to vote.
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118. Who among the following was the only Jewish Viceroy of India?
(a) Lord Curzon
(b) Lord Canning
(c) Lord Irwin
(d) Lord Reading
[U.P.R.O./ A.R.O. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (d) Lord Reading
- Rufus Isaacs, better known as Lord Reading, was the only Jewish person to ever serve as Viceroy of India (from 1921-1926).
- Before that, he was a Member of the House of Commons, Solicitor General, Attorney General, and Lord Chief Justice of England.
- During his time as Viceroy, the Chauri-Chaura incident happened and the Swaraj Party was formed.
- This was the highest position a British subject could hold under the Crown.
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119. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Pitt’s India Act: Warren Hastings
(b) Doctrine of Lapse : Dalhousie
(c) Vernacular Press Act: Curzon
(d) Ilbert Bill : Ripon
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (c) Vernacular Press Act: Curzon
- The Vernacular Press Act (also known as the ‘Gagging Act’) was passed in 1878 during the reign of Lord Lytton.
- It gave the government a lot of power to censor reports and editorials in Vernacular Press.
- Its purpose was to stop seditious material from being printed and circulated in India which could create animosity towards the British Government in the hearts of the people.
- Som Prakash, Bharat Mihir, Dhaka Prakash, Shachar and many others were charged and framed under this Act.
|
120. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Suppression of Thuggee – William Bentinck
(b) Ilbert Bill – Ripon
(c) Ring Fence Policy – Warren Hastings
(d) Vernacular Press Act – Curzon
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) Vernacular Press Act – Curzon
- In 1878, Lord Lytton, the Governor-General at the time, passed a law called the Vernacular Press Act.
- This law was meant to limit the freedom of Indian language newspapers.
- It was meant to stop the newspapers from criticizing British policies. The other choices are correct.
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121. The transfer of the capital of British India from Calcutta to Delhi was affected during the period of-
(a) Lord Minto
(b) Lord Harding
(c) Lord Chelmsford
(d) Lord Reading
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (b) Lord Harding
- During Lord Hardinge’s time as Viceroy, the capital of British India was moved from Calcutta to Delhi.
- To celebrate this change, Lord Hardinge invited King George-V and Queen Mary to India in 1911 and held a big celebration in Delhi called the Delhi Durbar (third).
- At this Durbar, the decision to partition Bengal was turned down and the move to transfer the capital was announced.
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122. Match the following and select the correct answer from the codes given below :
(A) Doctrine of Lapse 1. Curzon
(B) Partition of Bengal 2. Clive
(C) Dual Government in 3. Dalhousie Bengal
(D) Social Reforms 4. Bentinck
| A. Doctrine of Lapse |
1. Curzon |
| B. Partition of Bengal |
2. Clive |
| C. Dual Government in |
3. Dalhousie Bengal |
| D. Social Reforms |
4. Bentinck |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 2 3 1 4
(b) 3 1 4 2
(c) 3 1 2 4
(d) 2 3 4 1
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) 3 1 2 4
- The correct match is as follows –
| A. Doctrine of Lapse |
3. Dalhousie |
| B. Partition of Bengal |
1. Curzon |
| C. Dual Government in |
2. Clive |
| D. Social Reforms |
4. Bentinck |
|
123. Who was the founder of the Empire in India?
(a) C. Sleman
(b) Lord Minto
(c) Lord Clive
(d) Lord Mayo
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020]
Ans (c) Lord Clive
- Robert Clive is seen as the person who started British India.
- In 1744 he showed up in Madras and was employed by the East India Company.
- Through his skills as a leader, he helped the Company become strong in India in terms of their business and land.
- In 1757, the Company’s army beat the Nawab of Bengal in the battle of Plassey, which triggered the beginning of the British Raj in India.
|
124. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer
A. Governor-General of Presidency of Fort William
in Bengal (Under Regulating Act, 1773) |
1. Archibald Percival Wavell, Viscount, and Earl Wavell |
| B. Governor-General of India (Under Charter Act, 1833) |
2. James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, Earl and Marquess of Dalhousie |
| C. Governor-General and Viceroy of India (Under Indian Councils Act, 1858) |
3. Charles Cornwallis 2nd Earl and First Marquess of Cornwallis |
| D. Governor-General and Crown Representative (Under Government of India Act, 1935) |
4. Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmond, Earl of Minto |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 3 2 4 1
(b) 3 4 1 5
(c) 2 3 4 5
(d) 4 2 3 1
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (a) 3 2 4 1
A. Governor-General of Presidency of Fort William
in Bengal (Under Regulating Act, 1773) |
3. Charles Cornwallis 2nd Earl and First Marquess of Cornwallis |
| B. Governor-General of India (Under Charter Act, 1833) |
2. James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, Earl and Marquess of Dalhousie |
| C. Governor-General and Viceroy of India (Under Indian Councils Act, 1858) |
4. Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, Earl of Minto |
| D. Governor-General and Crown Representative (Under Government of India Act, 1935) |
1. Archibald Percival Wavell, Viscount, and Earl Wavell |
- After taking over control of Bengal, the British Parliament created the Regulating Act of 1773 to manage the company.
- This Act made the Governor of the Company the Governor-General of Bengal.
- The first Governor-General was Lord Cornwallis.
|
