1. When was the new Enfield Rifle with greased cartridges introduced in the British Indian Army?
(a) November 1856
(b) December 1856
(c) January 1857
(d) February 1857
[47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (b) December 1856
- In December 1856, the Company chose to use the Enfield Rifle instead of the Brown Bess gun.
- Training for the rifle was held in Dum Dum, Ambala, and Sialkot.
- To load the rifle, the soldiers had to bite off the outer covering of the cartridge before putting it in the muzzle.
- People thought the cartridge was greased with animal fat, but the Commanders wouldn’t confirm it.
- The soldiers were convinced that this was done on purpose to offend their religion, which started the first Indian Independence Struggle in 1857.
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2. The immediate cause of India’s first war of independence was:
(a) Doctrine of Lapse by Lord Dalhousie
(b) Suspicion about British interference in religion
(c) Military discontent
(d) Economic exploitation of India
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (b) Suspicion about British interference in religion
- In December 1856, the Company decided to switch from the old Brown Bess gun to the Enfield Rifle.
- Training for using this rifle was set up in Dum Dum, Ambala, and Sialkot.
- The rifle needed a special kind of loading, which involved biting off the outer covering of the cartridge before putting it into the muzzle.
- Rumors spread that the cartridges were greased with animal fat (pig fat and cow fat).
- The army commanders did not investigate, but the soldiers thought it was a way for the British to insult their religion.
- This was the spark for the first Indian Independence Struggle in 1857.
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3. Which of the following was not a reason for making the sepoys of the East India Company rebellious?
(a) The efforts of the officers of the company to spread Christianity
(b) The order to the sepoys to travel on ships
(c) The stoppage of Bhatta
(d) The inefficiency of the officers
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (d) The inefficiency of the officers
- The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was not caused by the inefficiency of the officers.
- It was because of a lot of factors over a period of time, such as people trying to spread Christianity to the soldiers, and the company’s order to the sepoys to travel on a ship, which was against Hinduism beliefs.
- Another reason for the sepoys’ dissatisfaction was the recent order that they would not be given a foreign service allowance when serving in Sindh or Punjab, and the false rumor that animal fat was used in the cartridges of the New Enfield Rifle.
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4. The Mangal Pandey incident took place at:
(a) Meerut
(b) Barrackpore
(c) Ambala
(d) Lucknow
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (b) Barrackpore
- On March 29, 1857, in Barrackpore, the soldiers refused to use ammunition containing animal fat.
- This led to Mangal Pandey killing his officer.
- The British then disbanded the 34th Native Infantry Regiment and punished those involved.
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5. With which uprising is Mangal Pandey associated?
(a) Barrackpur
(b) Meerut
(c) Delhi
(d) None of the above
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) Barrackpur
- On March 29, 1857, soldiers in Barrackpore refused to use ammunition containing animal fat, and as a result, Mangal Pandey killed his commanding officer.
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6. Mangal Pandey was the sepoy of –
(a) 19th Native Infantry
(b) 25th Native Infantry
(c) 49th Native Infantry
(d) 94th Native Infantry
[U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014]
Ans. (*)
- Mangal Pandey was a soldier in the 34th Bengal Native Infantry unit.
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7. Who among the following was bestowed with the title of Saheb-e-Alam Bahadur by Bahadur Shah during the uprising of 1857?
(a) Azimullah
(b) Birjis Qadr
(c) Bakht Khan
(d) Hasan Khan
[U.P. R.O./ A.R.O. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) Bakht Khan
- Bakht Khan was a Pashtun from the family of Rohilla Chief Najib-ud-daula.
- When he came to Delhi on 1 July 1857, it made Bahadur Shah Zafar’s leadership stronger.
- It was obvious that Bakht Khan was very talented and the emperor gave him actual power and the title of ‘Saheb-e-Alam- Bahadur.
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8. What was the main cause of the 1857 revolt?
(a) Public Outrage
(b) Military discontent
(c) Management of Christian Missionaries
(d) Policy of the British Empire
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (d) Policy of the British Empire
- The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was caused by a combination of political, economic, military, religious and social factors.
- Sepoys, which were native Indian soldiers of the Bengal Army, had a lot of complaints against the British East India Company.
- The spark that started the mutiny was due to new gunpowder cartridges for Enfield rifles which were believed to contain either cow or pig fat, which offended both Hindu and Muslim religious beliefs.
- Other issues like taxation and land annexations by the East India Company helped fuel the fire, and soon many units of the Indian army joined a large group of rebels.
- Even the old Hindu and Muslim aristocrats who had been seeing their power shrink due to the East India Company joined in the rebellion against the British.
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9. The first War of Independence (1857) started from:
(a) Lucknow
(b) Jhansi
(c) Meerut
(d) Kanpur
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (c) Meerut
- The War of Independence began in Meerut when the sepoys refused to use the new rifle cartridges.
- They marched to Delhi without anyone stopping them.
- General Vilobi attempted to fight them but was unsuccessful.
- As a result, Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was declared the ruler of India.
- This victory in Delhi encouraged other parts of India to join the revolt, like Oudh, Rohilkhand, and Western Bihar.
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10. Where from the Revolution of 1857 Start first?
(a) Lucknow
(b) Allahabad
(c) Jhansi
(d) Meerut
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020]
Ans (d) Meerut
- The first War of Independence began in Meerut when the sepoys refused to use the new rifle cartridges and revolted.
- They traveled to Delhi and General Hewitt did not try to stop them.
- General Vilobi attempted to fight but was unsuccessful.
- The Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was declared the Emperor of India.
- The victory of the Delhi revolt encouraged other parts of India to revolt, including Oudh, Rohilkhand, and Western Bihar.
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11. The first event relating to the War of Independence of 1857 was –
(a) Kanpur’s Revolt and taking over the leadership by Nana Saheb.
(b) Begum Hazrat Mahal’s leadership of Oudh.
(c) Marching of Sepoys to Delhi’s Red Fort.
(d) Revolt by Rani of Jhansi
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (c) Marching of Sepoys to Delhi’s Red Fort.
- The War of Independence of 1857 began when Sepoys marched to the Red Fort in Delhi.
- Nana Saheb initiated the revolt on 5 June 1857 in Kanpur, while Begum Hazrat Mahal started the rebellion in Oudh on 30 May 1857.
- Rani of Jhansi, Laxmi Bai then followed up with her own revolt in June 1857 which ended with her death on her martyrdom on 17 June 1858.
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12. The symbol of the 1857 independence struggle was –
(a) Lotus and Chapatis
(b) Eagle
(c) Scarf
(d) Two sword
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (a) Lotus and Chapatis
- Historians believe that the 1857 Independence struggle was a carefully planned plot.
- They point to evidence such as the use of Chapatis (bread) and Red Lotus in distant villages of Northern India, as well as the involvement of prophets, hermits, and Madaris performances to support this idea.
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13. Which one of the following centers of the uprising of 1857 was recaptured by the English?
(a) Jhansi
(b) Meerut
(c) Delhi
(d) Kanpur
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (c) Delhi
- In 1857, an organized rebellion known as the Revolt of 1857 began.
- It was started by Indian sepoys (soldiers) of the British company’s army and soon spread to the general public.
- The rebellion began with a mutiny in Meerut, where the sepoys killed their British officers and broke out of jail.
- They then marched to Delhi and declared an elderly man, Bahadur Shah Zafar, as the ruler of the region.
- Unfortunately, he was not able to provide leadership to the sepoys, leading to a short-lived occupation of Delhi.
- In the end, forces from the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province supported the British to recapture Delhi in September 1857.
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14. Which of the following persons had participated actively in the Revolt of 1857?
(a) Nana Saheb (Kanpur)
(b) Begum Hazrat Mahal (Lucknow)
(c) Maulavi Ahmadullah (Faizabad)
(d) Begum Zeenat Mahal (Delhi)
(e) None of the above/ More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans (e) None of the above/ More than one of the above
- The 1857 rebellion, also called the First War of Independence, involved many prominent figures of the time like Rani Laxmi Bai of Jhansi, Tantia Tope, Nana Saheb of Kanpur, Begum Hazrat Mahal of Lucknow and others.
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15. The birthplace of Maharani Laxmi Bai, the heroine of the 1857 freedom struggle, is:
(a) Agra
(b) Jhansi
(c) Varanasi
(d) Vrindaban
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Varanasi
- Rani Laxmibai, who was originally called Manikarnika, was born on 19 November 1835 in Golghar, Varanasi.
- Her father Moropant went to the court of King Gangadhar Rao when she was only 13 years old.
- She got married to Maharaja Gangadhar Rao of Jhansi at the age of 14.
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16. Who among the following was the leader of the revolt during 1857 at Bareilly?
(a) Khan Bahadur
(b) Kunwar Singh
(c) Maulvi Ahmad Shah
(d) Virzis Kadir
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (a) Khan Bahadur
- Khan Bahadur was the leader of the 1857 uprising in Bareilly.
- He put together an army of 40,000 troops and fought fiercely against the British.
- Bahadur Shah II made him the Viceroy.
- He treated both Hindus and Muslims fairly, showing his good leadership skills.
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17. Where is the Samadhi of Maharani Laxmibai situated?
(a) Mandla
(b) Mandu
(c) Jabalpur
(d) Gwalior
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (d) Gwalior
- Maharani Laxmibai was born in Varanasi and her tomb is in Gwalior.
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18. Maharani Laxmibai had combated in the last battle against–
(a) Hugh Rose
(b) Guff
(c) Niel
(d) Havelock
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (a) Hugh Rose
- Rani Laxmibai was the widow of the last Maratha king Raja Gangadhar Rao.
- British official Lord Dalhousie took control of Jhansi in 1853.
- Rani Laxmibai started a revolt against the British on June 4, 1857.
- After the fall of Jhansi, she moved to Gwalior and died in battle on June 17, 1858.
- British military leader Hugh Rose said of her that she was the only brave man among all Indian rebel leaders.
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19. The revolt of 1857 at Lucknow was led by :
(a) Begum of Oudh
(b) Tatya Tope
(c) Rani Lakshmibai
(d) Nana Saheb
[48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (a) Begum of Oudh
- Begum Hazrat Mahal started a rebellion on 30 May 1857 in Lucknow.
- She crowned her son Birjis Qadir as ruler and ran the state of Oudh.
- British General Campbell got help from the Gorkha regiment and took back control of Lucknow on 21 March 1858.
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20. The revolutionary woman who led the revolution of 1857 in Oudh was
(a) Lakshmibai
(b) Ahilyabai
(c) Aruna Asaf Ali
(d) Begum Hazrat Mahal
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (d) Begum Hazrat Mahal
- Begum Hazrat Mahal started a rebellion on 30 May 1857 in Lucknow (Oudh).
- She crowned her son Birjis Qadir as king and managed the state.
- Later, British General Campbell was able to take Lucknow back with the help of the Gorkha regiment on 21 March 1858.
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21. Who was the leader of the 1857 struggle for freedom in Lucknow?
(a) Zeenat Mahal
(b) Nana Saheb
(c) Hazrat Mahal
(d) Tatya Tope
[U.P.P.C.S. (Re. Exam) (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) Hazrat Mahal
- Begum Hazrat Mahal began an uprising on May 30, 1857, in the state of Oudh (Lucknow) and made her son Birjis Qadir the ruler.
- However, British General Campbell eventually reclaimed Lucknow with the help of the Gorkha regiment on March 21, 1858.
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22. Who amongst the following was the leader of the 1857 uprising at Allahabad?
(a) Nana Saheb
(b) Azimullah
(c) Tatya Tope
(d) Maulvi Liyaqat Ali
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (d) Maulvi Liyaqat Ali
- Maulvi Liyaqat Ali was a Muslim spiritual leader from Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh.
- He was one of the main participants in the fight against the British in 1857.
- He was a religious teacher, a righteous Muslim, and a courageous person.
- Maulvi took control of Khusro Bagh and announced India’s independence.
- Khusro Bagh became the base of the sepoys led by Maulvi Liyaqat Ali, who became the Governor of liberated Allahabad.
- Eventually, this rebellion was put down by General Neil.
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23. The largest number of soldiers who participated in the Struggle of 1857 came from –
(a) Bengal
(b) Oudh
(c) Bihar
(d) Rajasthan
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (b) Oudh
- The largest amount of Indian soldiers (sepoys) who took part in the 1857 rebellion were from the region of Oudh.
- Every family had at least one member who joined the uprising.
- In total, more than 75,000 sepoys were from Oudh.
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24. Who was the ‘commander-in-chief’ of Nana Saheb?
(a) Azimullah
(b) Birjis Qadir
(c) Tatya Tope
(d) None of the above
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Tatya Tope
- On June 5th, 1857, Nana Saheb was made Peshwa in Kanpur and this led to the declaration of independence.
- Tatya Tope, the commander-in-chief, gave full support
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25. Azimullah Khan was an advisor to
(a) Nana Saheb
(b) Tatya Tope
(c) Rani Laxmi Bai
(d) Kunwar Singh
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (a) Nana Saheb
- Azimullah Khan was a helper to Nana Saheb and served as his secretary.
- He was also known as “Krantidoot”.
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26. With reference to the ‘revolt of 1857’ who of the following was betrayed by a ‘friend’ captured and put to death by the British?
(a) Nana Sahib
(b) Kunwar Singh
(c) Khan Bahadur Khan
(d) Tatya Tope
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (d) Tatya Tope
- Tatya Tope, born in 1814, was a brave leader of the 1857 uprising.
- He was loyal to Nana Saheb of Kanpur and led the Gwalior contingent after the British reoccupied Kanpur.
- He also came to help Rani Laxmi Bai.
- However, General Napier’s troops defeated him and the British later executed him on April 18th, 1859.
- He was the sole witness of the rebellion and was the commander-in-chief of the rebel army of Shivarajpur.
- He fought bravely and won some battles against the British, but in the end, was captured by a traitor and brought to justice.
- He accepted his fate and was hanged, ending the first war of Indian independence.
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27. The real name of which one of the following leaders of 1857 was ‘Ram Chandra Pandurang’?
(a) Kunwar Singh
(b) Tatya Tope
(c) Nana Saheb
(d) Mangal Pandey
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011, U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) Tatya Tope
- Ramachandra Pandurang, also known as Tatya Tope, was a leader of the Indian rebellion of 1857.
- He was a strong supporter of Nana Saheb from Kanpur.
- He got the Gwalior forces and made General Windham retreat from Kanpur.
- Later on, he helped Rani Laxmi Bai.
- However, he was defeated by General Napier’s troops and was executed by the British Government at Shivpuri on April 18, 1859.
- Tatya Tope was born in 1814 in Yevla, Maharashtra and was raised in Bithoor.
- He was very loyal to Nana Saheb and was willing to give up his life for him.
- He was the only person who was with the rebellion from the start in Kanpur until his death in April 1859.
- Tatya Tope was the commander of the Shivarajpur rebel army.
- He bravely defended Kanpur and captured Kalpi.
- His leadership led to victory for the Indian forces at Kanpur.
- He won some battles against the British and his guerrilla warfare tactics scared the British generals.
- The British army was searching for him while he was hiding in the jungles.
- He was eventually captured on April 7, 1859, and admitted that he did what he did for his country and that he had no regrets.
- He was hanged and the first war of Indian independence ended.
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28. Which one of the following places did Kunwar Singh, a prominent leader of the Revolt of 1857 belong to?
(a) Bihar
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Uttar Pradesh
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (a) Bihar
- Kunwar Singh was an essential freedom fighter in the Indian rebellion of 1857.
- He was born in the Shahabad district of Bihar and lived in Arrah at the time of the revolt.
- Despite being in his 80s and not in the best of health, Kunwar Singh courageously fought against the British East India Company.
- He was the leader of the rebellion in Bihar, and occupied Arrah.
- Kunwar Singh was eventually defeated and died in his village in April 1858.
- His brother, Amar Singh, took over and fought against the British for a long time.
- In October 1859, he joined other rebels in Nepal.
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29. Who spearheaded the 1857 Revolt in Bihar?
(a) Nana Saheb
(b) Tatya Tope
(c) Kunwar Singh
(d) Maulavi Ahmadullah
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans (c) Kunwar Singh
- Kunwar Singh was an important leader in the battle against the British East India Company during the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857.
- He was born in Shahabad (now in Bhojpur District) of Bihar.
- At 80 years old, he still fought against the British with determination and courage.
- He was the leader of the revolt in Danapur on 5th July and occupied Arrah two days later.
- Kunwar Singh eventually reached Lucknow in December 1857 and occupied Azamgarh in March 1858.
- Brigadier Douglas chased him back to Bihar, where he had a victory against Captain Le Grand on 23 April, but he died the following day in his village.
- His brother Amar Singh then led the fight against the British with heavy odds, and in October 1859 joined other rebel leaders in the Nepal Terai.
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30. Where did Kunwar Singh join the Rebellion of 1857 against the British?
(a) Arrah
(b) Patna
(c) Bettiah
(d) Varanasi
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[64th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (a) Arrah
- BPSC says that option (b) is not the correct answer.
- Check the question for more info.
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31. Who was the leader of the revolutionaries in Bihar during the Revolt of 1857?
(a) Namdar Khan
(b) Babu Kunwar Singh
(c) Birsa Munda
(d) Shankar Shah
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Babu Kunwar Singh
- The BPSC says that option (b) is wrong.
- To understand why, read the question again.
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32. Kunwar Singh led the revolt of 1857 in –
(a) Punjab
(b) Bengal
(c) Bihar
(d) Maharashtra
[45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (c) Bihar
- The BPSC states that option (c) is not the right answer.
- To understand why, look at the question above.
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33. Who led the 1857 Revolt in Bihar?
(a) Babu Amar Singh
(b) Hare Krishna Singh
(c) Kunwar Singh
(d) Raja Shahzada Singh
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (c) Kunwar Singh
- The BPSC says that choice (c) is wrong.
- To understand why, take a look at the question above.
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34. Who led the Revolt of 1857 in Bihar?
(a) Khan Bahadur Khan
(b) Kunwar Singh
(c) Tatya Tope
(d) Rani Ramkunvari
[48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008, 42nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (b) Kunwar Singh
- The BPSC says that choice (b) is not the correct answer.
- To understand why, look back at the question.
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35. The Mutiny of 1857 at Patna was led by a dynamic old person known as
(a) Hyder Ali Khan
(b) Rajput Kunwar Singh
(c) Judhar Singh
(d) Kusal Singh
[43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) Rajput Kunwar Singh
- Kunwar Singh, a Zamindar, was the leader of the 1857 revolt in Patna.
- He had lost his land ownership due to British laws, so he decided to take part in the rebellion.
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36. Who among the following was the leader of the revolution of 1857 in Assam?
(a) Diwan Maniram Dutta
(b) Kandarpeshwar Singh
(c) Purandar Singh
(d) Piali Barua
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (a) Diwan Maniram Dutta
- Diwan Maniram Dutta was an important person from Assam who started a rebellion in 1857 when Kandpeshwar Singh, the grandson of the last King, was declared King of Assam.
- Eventually, the British caught Maniram and punished him by executing him for plotting against them.
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37. The center of the 1857 revolt in Bihar from 15th July 1857 to 20th January 1858 was
(a) Rampur
(b) Hamirpur
(c) Dheerpur
(d) Jagdisphur
[43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (d) Jagdisphur
- The 1857 revolt was mainly based in Jagdishpur, Bihar, where the leader Kunwar Singh overthrew the British government and set up his own.
- William Taylor, Patna Commissioner, and Major Vincent Eyer were responsible for putting down the rebellion in Bihar.
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38. Which person of Jagdishpur took the lead of revolutionaries during the revolt of 1857 A.D.
(a) Kunwar Singh
(b) Chandra Shekhar
(c) Tirath Singh
(d) Ram Singh
[48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (a) Kunwar Singh
- The 1857 revolt was centered around Jagdishpur in Bihar, where Zamindar Kunwar Singh took control of the area from the British government and set up his own government.
- William Taylor, the Commissioner of Patna, and Major Vincent Eyer worked together to put an end to the Bihar revolt.
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39. The king of Jagdishpur was
(a) Nana Saheb
(b) Tatya Tope
(c) Lakshmi Bai
(d) Kunwar Singh
[43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (d) Kunwar Singh
- The Bihar Rebellion of 1857 began in Jagdishpur, Bihar when Zamindar Kunwar Singh took over from the British government and formed his own.
- It was ultimately put down by William Taylor, the Commissioner of Patna, and Major Vincent Eyer.
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40. Who defeated the joint army of the British and Jodhpur during the revolt of 1857:
(a) Tatya Tope
(b) Nawab Vazeer Khan of Tonk
(c) Maharaja Ram Singh
(d) Thakur Kushal Singh of Auwa
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (d) Thakur Kushal Singh of Auwa
- Kushal Singh of Auwa beat the British and Jodhpur’s shared army during the uprising of 1857.
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41. Which amongst the following place was not a centre of the revolution of 1857?
(a) Ajmer
(b) Jaipur
(c) Neemuch
(d) Auwa
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2012]
Ans. (b) Jaipur
- Jaipur was not the main focus of the 1857 revolution.
- Other cities and places were involved as well.
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42. Who of the following had struggled against the Britishers in 1857?
(a) Chandrasekhar Azad
(b) Ramprasad Bilsmil
(c) Saadat Khan
(d) Makhan Lal Chaturvedi
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (c) Saadat Khan
- Saadat Ali Khan fought against the British in a rebellion in 1857 in Indore.
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43. Which of the following brave from Bhopal led the main movement and sacrificed his life during the first struggle for Independence in 1857?
(a) Fazil Mohammad Khan
(b) Sheikh Ramzan
(c) Dost Mohammad Khan
(d) Habibulla Khan
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) Fazil Mohammad Khan
- Nawab Fazil Mohammed Khan, the son of Wahi Mohammad Khan from Bhopal, was the head of the movement and gave his life during the first fight for freedom in 1857.
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44. Who of the following was the bitterest enemy of the British during the Revolt of 1857?
(a) Maulavi Ahmadullah Shah
(b) Maulavi Imadadullah
(c) Maulana Fazi-i-Haq Khairabadi
(d) Nawab Liaquat Ali
[45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (a) Maulavi Ahmadullah Shah
- Maulavi Ahmadullah Shah was a fierce opponent of the British.
- He was the leader of the 1857 revolt in Faizabad and originally came from Arkot, Tamil Nadu.
- The British thought he was a strong opponent and great warrior and offered a reward of Rs. 50000 for his capture.
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45. The Revolt of 1857 was witnessed by the poet –
(a) Mir Taqi Mir
(b) Zauq
(c) Ghalib
(d) Iqbal
[45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (c) Ghalib
- Mirza Ghalib was a poet who saw the revolution of 1857.
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46. The original residence of Eminent Urdu Poet Mirza Ghalib was?
(a) Agra
(b) Delhi
(c) Lahore
(d) Lucknow
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (a) Agra
- The well-known Urdu poet Mirza Ghalib was born in Agra on December 27, 1797, and passed away in Delhi on February 15, 1869.
|
47. Who among the following was NOT associated with the revolt of 1857?
(a) Tatya Tope
(b) Rani Laxmibai
(c) Bahadurshah Jafar
(d) Bhagat Singh
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (d) Bhagat Singh
- Bhagat Singh had no connection to the 1857 rebellion, while Rani Laxmibai, Bahadur Shah Zafar, and Tatya Tope were the main people who led the rebellion.
|
48. Who among the following was not related to the Revolt of 1857?
(a) Begum Hazrat Mahal
(b) Kunwar Singh
(c) Uddham Singh
(d) Maulavi Ahmadullah
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (c) Uddham Singh
- Uddham Singh was not involved in the 1857 uprising.
- He was a revolutionary from Punjab. Kunwar Singh, Begum Hazrat Mahal, and Maulavi Ahmadullah led the rebellion in Arrah (Bihar), Lucknow (Oudh), and Faizabad respectively.
|
49. Which dynasty supported the British maximum during the 1857 Freedom Movement?
(a) Scindias of Gwalior
(b) Holkers of Indore
(c) Bhonsles of Nagpur
(d) Lodhis of Ramgarh
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) Scindias of Gwalior
- During the 1857 revolt, many powerful Indian rulers such as the Scindias of Gwalior, the Nizams of Hyderabad, and the Holkars of Indore helped the British.
- Additionally, many educated and Westernized Indians did not support the revolt.
- Lord Canning even stated that he would leave if Scindia joined the rebels.
- A European historian highly praised Sir Dinkar Rao, the Minister of Gwalior.
|
50. The educated middle class in India:
(a) Opposed the revolt of 1857
(b) Supported the revolt of 1857
(c) Remained neutral to the revolt of 1857
(d) Fought against native rulers
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (c) Remained neutral to the revolt of 1857
- The people with higher education from the middle class did not join in the rebellion of 1857, which was one of the main reasons why the 1857 uprising failed.
- Educated Indians wanted to develop India into something better, thinking that the British would help with this.
- However, they later found out about the British’s harsh methods.
|
51. Which of the following groups did not participate in the revolt of 1857?
1. Agricultural Labour
2. Sahukar
3. Farmers
4. Landlords
Select your answer from the following codes :
(a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 2
(c) Only 2
(d) 2 and 4
[40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (d) 2 and 4
- The 1857 revolt was widespread, with public support, but was eventually quashed.
- It only affected certain regions, with many native rulers in places like Patiala, Jind, Gwalior, Hyderabad, and Punjab helping the British put down the revolt.
- Money lenders, merchants, educated Indians, and the middle class were all against the revolt, as it did not benefit them economically.
|
52. Who among the following did not rebel against the British East India Company’s control over them?
(a) Raja or Vijayanagar
(b) Nizam of Hyderabad
(c) Polygar of Tamil Nadu
(d) Dewan Velu Thampi of Travancore
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b) Nizam of Hyderabad
- Raja of Vijayanagar, Polygar of Tamil Nadu, and Diwan Velu Thampi of Travancore all fought back against the British East India Company’s rule, but the Nizam of Hyderabad did not.
|
53. Which one of the following territories was not affected by the Revolt of 1857?
(a) Jhansi
(b) Chittor
(c) Jagdishpur
(d) Lucknow
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006, I.A.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (b) Chittor
- Chittor was not part of the Rebellion of 1857.
- Rani Laxmibai, Kunwar Singh, and Begum Hazrat Mahal were the main leaders of the revolt in Jhansi, Jagdishpur, and Lucknow.
|
54. Which part of Bihar was unaffected by the revolt of 1857?
(i) Danapur
(ii) Patna
(iii) Arrah
(iv) Muzaffarpur
(v) Munger
Choose the correct answer from the code given below:
(a) iv and v
(b) Only v
(c) Only iv
(d) iii, iv, and v
[41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (b) Only v
- Arrah, Danapur, Gaya, Patna, Muzaffarpur and Shahabad were important places where the revolt of 1857 occurred in Bihar, but Munger was not affected.
|
55. Match List-I (leaders of the revolt of 1857) with List-II (their areas of operation)
| A. Bakht Khan |
1. Awadh |
| B. Maulvi Ahmadulla |
2. Kanpur |
| C. Kunwar Singh |
3. Arrah |
| D. Nanasahab |
4. Delhi |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 3 1 2 4
(b) 3 2 4 1
(c) 4 1 3 2
(d) 4 3 1 2
(e) 2 4 1 3
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (c) 4 1 3 2
- The correctly matched list is as follows
| List- I |
List- II |
| A. Bakht Khan |
Delhi |
| B. Maulvi Ahmadulla |
Awadh |
| C. Kunwar Singh |
Arrah |
| D. Nanasahab |
Kanpur |
|
56. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the code given below :
List-I List-II
| A. Jhansi |
1. Maulvi Ahmad Shah |
| B. Lucknow |
2. Azimullah Khan |
| C. Kanpur |
3. Begum Hazrat Mahal |
| D. Faizabad |
4. Rani Laxmibai |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 4 3 2 1
(b) 4 2 3 1
(c) 3 4 2 1
(d) 1 2 3 4
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) 4 3 2 1
- Rani Laxmibai in Jhansi, Begum Hazrat Mahal in Lucknow, Azimullah Khan in Kanpur and Fatehpur, and Maulavi Ahmedullah Shah led the 1857 revolt.
|
57. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:
List-I List-II
(Name of the Revolutionaries) (Place)
| A. Nana Saheb |
1. Delhi |
| B. Nawab Hamid Ali Khan |
2. Kanpur |
| C. Moulvi Ahmed Ullah |
3. Lucknow |
| D. Mani Ram Diwan |
4. Assam |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 1 2 4 3
(b) 1 2 3 4
(c) 2 1 4 3
(d) 2 1 3 4
[U.P. R.O./ A.R.O. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) 2 1 3 4
- The correctly matched list of the revolutionaries with their places of revolution is as follows:
| (Name of Revolutionaries) |
(Places) |
| A. Nana Saheb |
Kanpur |
| B. Nawab Hamid Ali Khan |
Delhi |
| C. Moulvi Ahmed Ullah |
Lucknow |
| D. Mani Ram Diwan |
Assam |
|
58. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
Place Leadership
(a) Sambhalpur Surender Sahi
(b) Ganjam Radhakrishna Dandsena
(c) Kashmir Gulab Singh
(d) Lucknow Liyaqat Ali
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (d) Lucknow Liyaqat Ali
- Liyaqat Ali was connected to Allahabad.
- The other choices match up correctly.
|
59. Who was the Governor-General of India during the revolt of 1857?
(a) Lord Dalhousie
(b) Lord Minto
(c) Lord Canning
(d) Lord Bentinck
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2012, Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2005, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (c) Lord Canning
- Lord Canning was the Governor General of India during the 1857 revolt.
- He was the last Governor General of the Company in India and the first Viceroy appointed by the British Crown.
- During his time in office, he introduced the Indian High Court Act 1861 which set up the High Court in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras.
- He also passed a law allowing widow remarriage in 1856.
|
60. Who was the Governor-General of India during the revolt of 1857?
(a) Lord Hastings
(b) Lord Canning
(c) Lord Amherst
(d) Lord Auckland
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Lord Canning
- Lord Canning was the Governor General of India during the 1857 rebellion.
- He was the last Governor General of the Company in India and the first Viceroy appointed by the British Crown.
- During his time, the Indian High Court Act 1861 was passed, which introduced judicial reforms and created High Courts in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras.
- Additionally, the Widow Remarriage Act of 1856 was passed during Lord Canning’s tenure, which was a reform in the social field.
|
61. Who was the Governor-General of India in 1857?
(a) Wellesley
(b) Dalhousie
(c) Canning
(d) Minto
[56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) Canning
- Lord Canning was Governor General of India from 1856 to 1862 and was the last Governor General of the Company in India and the first Viceroy appointed by the British Crown.
- He introduced judicial reforms with the Indian High Court Act 1861, which set up High Courts in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras.
- During his reign, the Widow Remarriage Act of 1856 was passed, introducing social reform.
|
62. Who was the Governor-General of India during the Sepoy Mutiny?
(a) Lord Canning
(b) Lord Dalhousie
(c) Lord Hardings
(d) Lord Lytton
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (a) Lord Canning
- Lord Canning was the Governor General of India during the 1857 revolt.
- He was the last Governor General of the Company and the first Viceroy appointed by the British Crown.
- During his time as Governor General, the Indian High Court Act 1861 was passed, which introduced judicial reforms and established High Courts in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras.
- The Widow Remarriage Act was also passed during his time in office.
|
63. At the time of the 1857 Revolt who was the British Commanding officer at Barrackpore?
(a) Henry Lawrence
(b) Colonel Finnis
(c) Hearsey
(d) Sir Hugh Wheeler
[U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014]
Ans. (c) Hearsey
- Lieutenant General Sir John Bennet Hearsey was the person in charge during the Barrackpore uprising in 1857.
|
64. Who made Allahabad the emergency headquarters in 1857?
(a) Lord Canning
(b) Lord Cornwallis
(c) Lord Wellesley
(d) Lord William Bentinck
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (a) Lord Canning
- In 1857, Lord Canning chose Allahabad to be the main base during an emergency.
- The Governors-General who had tenure over this time were Lord Cornwallis (1st Tenure from 1786-93 and second tenure from 1805), Lord Wellesley (1798-1805), Lord William Bentick 1828-1835, Lord Canning 1856-1862.
|
65. Who was the British Prime minister during the revolt of 1857?
(a) Churchill
(b) Palmerston
(c) Attlee
(d) Gladstone
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (b) Palmerston
- Viscount Palmerston was the British Prime Minister during the 1857 rebellion.
- He held the position from 1855 to 1858 and then again from 1859-1865.
|
66. What was the main cause of the failure of the revolt of 1857?
(a) Lack of Hindu-Muslim unity
(b) Lack of common strategy and central organization
(c) Its effect was within a limited area
(d) Non-participations of Landlords
[41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (b) Lack of common strategy and central organization
- The 1857 revolt failed because the various groups involved weren’t working together and did not have a unified plan.
- People were just fighting for their own interests, with no sense of loyalty to the cause.
- Without a clear goal to strive for, the revolt ultimately failed.
|
67. The first freedom struggle of 1857 failed because –
(a) There was a lack of unity of purpose in Indian sepoys
(b) Generally, Native Kings supported British
(c) British Soldiers were better equipped and organised rather than Indians
(d) All of the above
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (d) All of the above
- The revolt of 1857 failed due to several reasons, such as limited growth, a lack of organization and leadership, the British having more resources, some people betraying the cause, the British forces coming back from Crimea, Indian rulers not helping, Sikhs and Punjabis not cooperating, and the educated Indian middle class not showing their support.
|
68. The British were able to suppress the uprising of 1857 in the Rajput state because:
(a) The local Rajput rulers did not support revolutionaries.
(b) The educated middle class supported the British
(c) The soldiers in cantonments were not prepared to accept the leadership of revolution from outside Rajasthan.
(d) The newspaper could not project the true aim of the revolution.
[R.A.S. /R.T.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (a) The local Rajput rulers did not support revolutionaries.
- The 1857 revolt failed due to various reasons such as growth in limited regions, no organization or leadership, Britain having more resources, traitors betraying, British soldiers coming back from Crimea, indigenous rulers not supporting, Sikhs and Punjabis not participating, and the educated Indian middle class not cooperating.
|
69. Which among the following British officers lost their lives in Lucknow?
1. General John Nicholson
2. General Neil
3. Major Havelock
4. Sir Henry Lawrence
Select the correct answer from the code given below –
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 1, 3 and 4
(c) 2, 3, and 4
(d) All of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) 2, 3, and 4
- General John Nicholson passed away in September 1857 while the British were taking over Delhi.
- Sir Henery Lawrence, Major Havelock, and General Neil all died in Lucknow while defending the English residency.
|
70. Whose name, amongst the following is not associated with the Revolt of 1857?
(a) Col. St. Legar
(b) Lt. Col. Gibbs
(c) Col. Wallace
(d) All of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (d) All of the above
- None of the people named were part of the 1857 rebellion.
|
71. Consider :
Assertion (A): The first War of Independence in 1857 failed to secure freedom from the British Government.
Reason (R): The leadership of Bahadur Shah Zafar did not have popular support and most of the Indian rulers of important States shied away from the struggle.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, and (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- Both (A) and (R) are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
- There were various reasons for the failure of the First War of Independence in 1857, but the most important reason was the support of native kings of major territories to the British.
|
72. Who called the revolt of 1857 a conspiracy?
(a) Sir James Outram and W. Taylor
(b) Sir John K.
(c) Sir John Lawrence
(d) T.R. Homes
[40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (a) Sir James Outram and W. Taylor
- Sir James Outram and W. Taylor said that the 1857 revolt was a plan that was formed by both Hindus and Muslims.
- Outram said that the Muslims had taken advantage of the Hindu’s complaints.
- John Celey thought of it as a “Sepoy Mutiny” while J.R. Holmes thought it was a battle between civilization and barbarism.
|
73. Modern Historian, who called the revolt of 1857 the first Independence War was –
(a) Dr. R.C. Mazumdar
(b) Dr. S.N. Sen
(c) V. D. Savarkar
(d) Ashok Mehta
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) V. D. Savarkar
- V. D. Savarkar wrote in his book “The Indian War of Independence of 1857” that it was a carefully organised uprising against the British.
- He referred to the revolt as the First War of Independence.
|
74. Who termed the uprising of 1857 as the first war of independence?
(a) V. A. Smith
(b) P. E. Roberts
(c) V. D. Savarkar
(d) All of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (c) V. D. Savarkar
- V.D. Savarkar stated in his book “The Indian War of Independence of 1857” that it was a carefully organized uprising against the British.
- He referred to the revolt as the First War of Independence.
|
75. The official historian of the Indian Freedom struggle was:
(a) R.C. Mazumdar
(b) Tarachandra
(c) V. D. Savarkar
(d) S. N. Sen
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (d) S. N. Sen
- S.N. Sen wrote a book about India’s independence struggle called “1857” and it was released in 1957.
- He was the official historian of the Indian Freedom struggle
|
76. The first Indian to write in the Indian language on the causes of the uprising of 1857 was.
(a) Syed Ahmed Khan
(b) V. D. Savarkar
(c) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
(d) None of the above.
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (a) Syed Ahmed Khan
- Sir Syed Ahmed Khan wrote Asbab-e-Bhaghawat-e-Hind, which was published in 1859.
- In this book, he talks about the reasons
|
77. The statement “the so-called first national war of independence was neither first, nor national, nor a war of independence is associated with
(a) R.C. Majumdar
(b) S. N. Sen
(c) Tarachand
(d) V.D. Savarkar
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (a) R.C. Majumdar
- Dr. R. C. Mazumdar, a famous historian, wrote in his book that the uprising in 1857 was not the first, not nationwide, and not an attempt at gaining independence.
|
78. Who wrote, “It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that the so-called First National War of Independence of 1857 is neither first, nor National, nor a war of independence”?
(a) R.C. Majumdar
(b) Syed Ahmad
(c) Roberts
(d) Coupland
[R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (a) R.C. Majumdar
- Dr. R. C. Mazumdar, a famous historian, wrote in his book that the supposed “first national war of independence of 1857” was not really the first, not national, and not a war for independence.
|
79. Who was the prominent Indian Historian who did not accept the 1857 Revolution as a Revolution?
(a) Tarachand
(b) Dr S.N. Sen
(c) Sawarkar
(d) Dr. R.C. Majumdar
(e) None of these
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) Dr. R.C. Majumdar
- The Indian Government asked R.C. Majumdar to write a history of the rebellion of 1857, but he declined and wrote his own book ‘The Sepoy Mutiny and the Rebellion of 1857’ by himself.
- R.C. Majumdar does not consider the revolt of 1857 as the first war of independence as much of the country stayed unaffected and many people did not take part.
|
80. Who was the Correspondent of the Newspaper ‘Times’ published from London in 1857 wrote that “Nobody in North India looks at the white man’s car with friendly View”?
(a) W.H. Russel
(b) Robert Peel
(c) Gladoston
(d) Palmerston
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre.) 2020]
Ans (a) W.H. Russel
- Sir William Howard Russel, an Irish reporter for the London-based newspaper ‘The Times’, wrote in 1857 that native in Northern India were not friendly towards white people.
- He was sent to India by The Times to report on the 1857 rebellion.
|
81. Which one of the following conceptions is true about the Revolt of 1857?
(a) Indian historians have described it as an Indian mutiny.
(b) British historians have described it as a war of independence.
(c) It gave a death blow to the system of East India Company’s rule in India
(d) It was for the improvement of the administrative machinery in India
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (c) It gave a death blow to the system of East India Company’s rule in India
- After the 1857 revolt, the East India Company’s rule in India was over.
- On November 1, 1858, Queen Victoria was given control of the Indian administration.
- She took on the responsibility of governing India.
- Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.
|
82. When did Queen Victoria declare the taking over of the Indian Administration under the British crown?
(a) 1 Nov. 1858
(b) 31 Dec. 1857
(c) 6 Jan. 1958
(d) 17 Nov. 1859
[48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (a) 1 Nov. 1858
- After the 1857 revolt, the East India Company’s rule in India came to an end and Queen Victoria took charge of the country’s administration.
- On November 1, 1858, she officially accepted this responsibility.
- Therefore, option (a) is correct.
|
83. Indians were assured of many things in the declaration by Queen Victoria in 1858. Which among the following assurances were fulfilled by the British Government:
(a) Policy of annexation will be abandoned
(b) ‘Status quo’ of the native rulers would be maintained
(c) Equal treatment would be given to all subjects, Indians, and Europeans
(d) There would be no interference in the social and religious beliefs of the Indians
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) Policy of annexation will be abandoned
- In 1857, a revolt took place and Queen Victoria issued a proclamation on November 1st, 1858.
- This proclamation was made by Lord Canning during a court session in Allahabad.
- This meant the end of the East India Company’s cruel and oppressive rule and the start of a new era in which the British Crown would directly govern.
- This proclamation included promises to stop conquering and annexing other countries, to treat all religions equally, and to offer the same justice to everyone without discrimination.
- However, only the promise to stop conquering and annexing was actually kept.
|
84. What was/were the object/objects of Queen Victoria’s Proclamation (1858)?
1. To disclaim any intention to annex the Indian States
2. To place the Indian administration under the British Crown
3. To regulate East India Company’s trade with India
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (a) 1 and 2 only
- The Council was made to give advice about Indian matters.
- The state secretary was responsible for all connections between England and India.
- The Crown was given the power to pick a Governor-General and the Governors for the Presidencies.
- There would be an Indian Civil Service run by the state secretary.
- All the property owned by the East India Company was given to the Crown, and the Crown took over the Company’s duties, agreements, agreements and so on.
|
85. Which one of the following commissions is associated with the Army Reorganization after the suppression of the Revolt of 1857?
(a) Public Service Commission
(b) Peel Commission
(c) Hunter Commission
(d) Simon Commission
[45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (b) Peel Commission
- The Peel Commission was set up after the Revolt of 1857 to restructure the army by separating soldiers based on their caste, religion, and community.
- It suggested that in Bengal, for every British soldier there should be two Indian soldiers, and in Madras and Bombay, for every British soldier there should be three Indian soldiers.
|
86. After the revolt of 1857, the British recruited the Soldiers from the
(a) Brahmins of U.P. & Bihar
(b) Bengalis and Orria from the East
(c) Gurkhas, Sikhs, and Punjabis in the North
(d) Madras presidency and Marathas
[48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Gurkhas, Sikhs, and Punjabis in the North
- After the 1857 revolt, the British got soldiers from Gurkhas, Sikhs, and Punjabis in the North.
- People from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar had a big part in the revolt, so the British became suspicious of them.
- Sixty percent of the Bengal Army’s soldiers were from the Oudh and the northwest of Uttar Pradesh.
- Indian troops caused the mutiny in 1857, and on November 1st, 1858 Queen Victoria ordered a reorganization of the army to separate those in conflict.
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