1. In which months is the Rabi crop sown?
(a) March-April
(b) June-July
(c) October-November
(d) January-February
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (c) October-November
- Rabi crops are the crops grown in India during the winter season.
- They are planted in October-November and harvested in March-April.
- Some of the major Rabi crops are Wheat, Barley, Mustard, Sesame, Peas, and Potatoes.
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2. Which of the following is not a Kharif Crop?
(a) Groundnut
(b) Maize
(c) Masoor
(d) Paddy
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 1999]
Ans. (c) Masoor
- The main crops grown in India during the Kharif season are millets, cotton, soybean, sugarcane, turmeric, rice, corn, moong beans, peanuts, and red peppers.
- Masoor is not a Kharif crop.
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3. Which of the following is not a Rabi Crop ?
(a) Lady’s finger
(b) Carrot
(c) Radish
(d) Pea
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (a) Lady’s finger
- The main Rabi crops in India are Wheat, Barley, Mustard, Sesame, Peas, and Potatoes.
- Lady Finger is not one of these.
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4. Which is not a Kharif Crop –
(a) Paddy
(b) Gram
(c) Maize
(d) Jwar
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (b) Gram
- Gram is not part of India’s Kharif crops, which includes millets, cotton, soybeans, sugar cane, turmeric, rice, corn, moong beans, peanuts, and red chili peppers.
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5. Which one of the following is a ‘Rabi’ crop?
(a) Cotton
(b) Maize
(c) Arhar
(d) Mustard
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (d) Mustard
- Rabi crops are planted in the wintertime between October and November, and harvested during the spring between March and April.
- These crops include wheat, barley, oats, grams, linseed, mustard (oilseed), and more.
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6. Rabi crops are sown :
(a) From October to November
(b) From December to March
(c) From May to July
(d) From August to September
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) From October to November
- Rabi crops are plants that are planted in the wintertime between October and November and then harvested in the springtime between March and April.
- These crops include wheat, barley, oats, peas, linseed, and mustard.
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7. Which of the following is odd on the basis of crops?
(a) Paddy
(b) Jowar
(c) Maize
(d) Wheat
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (d) Wheat
- Wheat is a crop that is grown during the winter season, while the other crops are grown during the summer season.
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8. Which one of the following sets of conditions is necessary for good cultivation of wheat?
(a) Moderate temperature and moderate rainfall
(b) High temperature and heavy rainfall
(c) High temperature and moderate rainfall
(d) Low temperature and low rainfall
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (a) Moderate temperature and moderate rainfall
- In India, wheat needs temperatures between 10-25 degrees Celsius and an average of 50-75 cm of rainfall each year, which can be thought of as moderate temperatures and moderate rainfall.
- Wheat is grown on 31.6 million hectares of the total cultivated land (2020-21 4th AE).
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9. Which one is an example of “Parallel Cropping”?
(a) Potato + Rice
(b) Wheat + Mustard
(c) Cotton + Wheat
(d) Sorghum + Potato
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Wheat + Mustard
- Parallel cropping is when two crops are chosen that don’t compete with each other and can reach their maximum yield.
- An example of this would be wheat and mustard grown together.
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10. Cash Crop does not consist –
(a) Sugarcane
(b) Cotton
(c) Jute
(d) Wheat
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (d) Wheat
- Cash crops are plants that are grown for sale, such as Sugarcane, Cotton, Jute, Tobacco, Bananas, and Oilseeds. Wheat and Rice etc., are food crops.
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11. Which group of crops mentioned below comprises Cash Crops?
(a) Wheat, Maize, Rice
(b) Gram, Peas, Wheat
(c) Cotton, Sugarcane, Bananas
(d) Rice, Gram, Tea
[M.P.P.C.S (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (c) Cotton, Sugarcane, Bananas
- Cash crops refer to things like Sugarcane, Cotton, Jute, Tobacco, Bananas, and Oilseeds. On the other hand, Wheat and Rice are food crops.
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12. With which of the following countries has India made an agreement to import 15 lakh tonn wheat with a view to the possibility of less production?
(a) Australia
(b) Mexico
(c) U.S.A.
(d) Canada
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (a) Australia
- In 1998, the Indian government made a deal with Australia to bring in 1.5 million tons of wheat.
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13. Which one of the following sequences is correct in the context of the three largest wheat-producing states?
(a) Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana
(b) Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab
(c) Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana
(d) Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (c) Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana
- In 2021-22, the Economic Survey showed that the top three states for wheat production were Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana.
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14. The highest wheat-producing state of India is-
(a) Haryana
(b) Punjab
(c) Bihar
(d) Uttar Pradesh
[53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (d) Uttar Pradesh
- The 2021-22 Economic Survey shows that in 2020-21, the top three wheat producers were :
- Uttar Pradesh
- Madhya Pradesh
- Punjab
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15. Production of wheat is highest in the state of –
(a) Punjab
(b) Haryana
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Madhya Pradesh
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (c) Uttar Pradesh
- The highest production of Wheat is in Uttar Pradesh.
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16. Which is the maximum wheat-producing state of India?
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Punjab
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Haryana
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2002, 45th B.P.S.C.(Pre) 2001, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993, M.P.P.C.S (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (a) Uttar Pradesh
- Uttar Pradesh is the number one state in India for wheat production, with an annual output of 33949680 tonnes.
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17. Which among the following States was the largest producer of wheat in India in the year 2015-16?
(a) Haryana
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Punjab
(d) Bihar
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Uttar Pradesh
- The Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Department reported that in 2015-16, the top three wheat producers were:
State Production 2015-16 (M. tonnes) 2020-21 (4th AE) (M. tonnes)
-
- Uttar Pradesh 25.43 35.50
- Madhya Pradesh 17.69 17.62
- Punjab 16.08 17.14
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18. The State that yields ‘maximum production of wheat’ in India is –
(a) Haryana
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Punjab
(d) Bihar
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (b) Uttar Pradesh
- Uttar Pradesh is the top producer of wheat in India.
- As of 2020-21, Uttar Pradesh produces the most wheat out of all the states in India, with 35.50 million tonnes.
- Madhya Pradesh and Punjab follow, producing 17.62 million tonnes and 17.14 million tonnes respectively.
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19. ‘Mahi Sugandha’ is a variety of
(a) Rice
(b) Wheat
(c) Sunflower
(d) Mustard
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (a) Rice
- Mahi Sugandha is a type of Basmati Rice, which has longer grains and doesn’t stick together after cooking.
- Other kinds of Basmati Rice include :
- Abha (R-155-355)
- Ajay (CRHR-7)
- Akashi
- Ambika
- Deepti
- Divya Gajapati (IET-13251)
- Garima Geetanjali (CRM-2007-1)
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20. Which one of the following substances is a herbicide?
(a) Chlorpyrifos
(b) Carbendazim
(c) Quinalphos
(d) Butachlor
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (d) Butachlor
- Butachlor is a chemical used to kill weeds.
- Chlorpyrifos and Quinalphos are chemicals used to kill insects.
- Carbendazim is a chemical used to kill fungi.
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21. Uttar Pradesh ranks first in the production of which of the following crops?
(a) Rice and Wheat
(b) Wheat and Sugarcane
(c) Rice and Sugarcane
(d) Wheat and Pulses
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Wheat and Sugarcane
- The Economic Survey 2021-22 shows that in 2020-21 Uttar Pradesh was the highest producer of Wheat, Potatoes, and Sugarcane.
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22. Which of the following wheat varieties has been developed through induced mutation?
(a) Kalyan Sona
(b) Sonora-64
(c) Sharbati Sonora
(d) Sonalika
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (b) Sonora-64
- In order to boost wheat production in India, scientists brought in five new types of short wheat plants, called Lerma Rojo 64-A, Sonora-63, Sonora 64, Mayo 64, and S227.
- Sonora-64 was created through a process of mutation at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, which increases the amount of wheat production.
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23. The Dwarfing gene in Wheat is –
(a) Norin – 10
(b) Dee-gee-woo-gen
(c) Opaque – 2
(d) None of the above
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) Norin – 10
- Norin 10 is a gene in wheat that makes it small.
- Dee-Gee-Woo-gen is a gene in rice and ‘Opaque-2’ is a gene found in maize.
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24. Macaroni wheat is most suitable under what conditions–
(a) Highly irrigated conditions
(b) Late sown conditions
(c) Rainfed conditions
(d) None of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (c) Rainfed conditions
- Macaroni wheat grows best when it does not need to be watered.
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25. Raj 3077 is a variety of –
(a) Maize
(b) Jowar
(c) Rice
(d) Wheat
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (d) Wheat
- Raj 3077 is a type of wheat that is planted late and usually produces 36-40 quintals per hectare.
- Other kinds of wheat include Sonalika, Arjun, Kundan, Amar (HW-2004), Bhawani (HW-1085), Chandrika (HOW-184), Deshratna (BR-104), Kanchan (DR-803), Girija Gomti (K-9465), Parbhani (51- PUSA), etc.
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26. ‘Pusa Sindhu Ganga’ is a variety of
(a) Wheat
(b) Paddy
(c) Lentil
(d) Gram
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (a) Wheat
- At the 48th All India Wheat and Barley Research Workers Meet at IARI in New Delhi, Pusa Sindhu Ganga (HD 2967) was identified as a type of wheat.
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27. UP-308 is a variety of
(a) Rice
(b) Wheat
(c) Cotton
(d) Millet
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (b) Wheat
- UP 308 is a type of wheat grown in Mexico.
- It is mostly used in the Darbhanga area of Bihar.
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28. The production of wheat in India during 2006-07 and 2009-10 has –
(a) Maintained an upward trend
(b) Experienced as shortfall
(c) Experienced fl uctuations
(d) Remained stagnant
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (a) Maintained an upward trend
- The amount of wheat grown in India went up between 2006-07 and 2009-10.
- In 2006-07, 75.81 million tonnes of wheat was produced, then 78.57 million tonnes in 2007-08, 80.68 million tonnes in 2008-09, and 80.80 million tonnes in 2009-10.
- In 2020-21, the amount of wheat produced had surpassed 109.50 million tonnes.
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29. Which one of the following is a disease of the wheat crop :
(a) Blast
(b) Tikka
(c) Dust
(d) Rust
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003]
Ans. (d) Rust
- Wheat can be damaged by three forms of Rust:
- Yellow Rust
- Brown Rust
- Black Rust
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30. Kalyan Sona is a variety of-
(a) Rice
(b) Maize
(c) Wheat
(d) Jowar
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]
Ans. (c) Wheat
- Kalyan Sona is a type of wheat that produces a lot of grain.
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31. Consider the following high-yielding varieties of crops in India:
1. Arjun
2. Jaya
3. Padma
4. Sonalika
Which of these is wheat?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 4
(d) 3 and 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (c) 1 and 4
- Sonalika and Arjun are types of wheat, and Jaya and Padma are types of rice.
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32. Variety of pigeon pea(Arhar) suitable for double cropping with wheat is-
(a) N. A-1
(b) Bahar
(c) U.P.A.S-120
(d) None of the Above
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (c) U.P.A.S-120
- U.P.A.S-120 is a good type of pigeon pea to plant alongside wheat in a double crop.
- Other varieties of pigeon peas are I.C.P.L.-151, I.C.P.L.-87, Bahar, N.D.A.-I, etc.
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33. Consider the following statements :
1. The highest production of wheat in India is obtained from the state of U.P.
2. The cropping pattern occupying the highest area in the U.P. is rice-wheat.
3. An extension worker does not need political competency.
4. The most critical stage of irrigation in wheat is the flowering stage.
Which of these statements are correct?
(a) Only 1 and 2
(b) Only 2 and 3
(c) Only I, 2 and 4
(d) Only I, 2 and 3
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (d) Only I, 2 and 3
- Uttar Pradesh is the biggest producer of wheat in India, according to the Economic Survey 2021-22.
- In U.P., wheat and rice are the main crops.
- Watering at important stages of growth like C.R.I. (Crown root initiation) is necessary, which happens around 20 to 25 days after planting, to help the wheat grow properly.
- If there is a lack of moisture during this stage, the wheat will produce small heads and the yield will be reduced.
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34. ‘Triticale’ is a cross between which of the following?
(a) Barley and Rye
(b) Wheat and Oats
(c) Wheat and Barley
(d) Wheat and Rye
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (d) Wheat and Rye
- Triticale is a combination of Wheat and Rai.
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35. ‘Karnal bunt’ is a disease of –
(a) Paddy
(b) Pea
(c) Mustard
(d) Wheat
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (d) Wheat
- Karnal Bunt is a type of fungus that affects wheat.
- It is brought on by Tilletia Indica and was first seen in 1931.
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36. The statements are given below, labeled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). In the context of these two statements, select the correct answer from the codes given below.
Assertion (A): Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh are
major wheat-producing states of India.
Reason (R): The well-drained fertile soil, 100 – 150C temperature during winter and about 75 cm annual average rainfall are necessary for wheat production.
Codes :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(d) Both (A) and (R) are false
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
- Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh are the biggest producers of wheat in India, which is true.
- The soil needs to be fertile and well-drained, temperatures must reach 100-150 Celsius in winter, and there must be an average of 75 cm of annual rainfall for wheat production.
- This is true as well.
- However, the given explanation (R) for the assertion (A) is not correct.
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37. The botanical name of macaroni wheat is :
(a) Triticum aestivum
(b) Triticum monococcum
(c) Triticum durum
(d) Triticum dicoccum
[Jharkhand. P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (c) Triticum durum
- Macaroni wheat is scientifically called Triticum durum.
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ii. Kharif Crops
38. Rice originated in –
(a) Europe
(b) South-East Asia
(c) South America
(d) None of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (b) South-East Asia
- Rice comes from South-East Asia and needs warm temperatures (over 25 degrees Celsius) and a lot of rain (more than 100 cm).
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39. Which of the following plant is not helpful in nitrogen fi xation?
(a) Gram
(b) Pea
(c) Bean
(d) Paddy
(e) None of the above
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (d) Paddy
- Gram, Pea, and Bean plants have special bacteria in their roots called Rhizobium.
- This bacteria helps the plants get nitrogen from the air.
- Growing rice can cause a lot of methane gas to come out, and methane gas makes the world warmer.
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40. Which of the following crop is transplanted?
(a) Mustard
(b) Rice
(c) Wheat
(d) Maize
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (b) Rice
- The Paddy crop is planted by a process called transplanting.
- This method is used to control weeds in wet or muddy fields, but it takes more work than just planting the seeds.
- The crop takes longer to grow because it has to get used to being transplanted.
- Most rice fields in Asia are planted this way by hand.
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41. Consider the following crops –
1. Cotton
2. Groundnut
3. Rice
4. Wheat
Which of these are Kharif crops?
(a) 1 and 4
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 2, 3 and 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) 1, 2 and 3
- In India, the farming year is split into two parts, Kharif and Rabi.
- Kharif crops, such as rice, millet, cotton, soybeans, sugarcane, maize, groundnuts, and red chillies, are usually planted in June-July and harvested in September-October.
- Wheat is a Rabi crop, while the other crops mentioned are Kharif crops.
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42. The ideal climatic conditions for the cultivation of rice are:
(a) rainfall above 100 cm, temperature above 25° C
(b) cool and moist climate for the entire crop period
(c) rainfall below 100 cm, temperature below 25° C
(d) warm and dry climate during the entire crop period
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) rainfall above 100 cm, temperature above 25° C
- Rice is a crop that is grown during the Kharif season.
- It needs a warm temperature of 25°C and a lot of moisture in the air, along with more than 100 cm of rainfall each year.
- In dry areas, it is watered with irrigation systems.
- Therefore, (a) is the right answer.
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43. Which one of the following is a Kharif Crop?
(a) Lentil
(b) Linseed
(c) Mustard
(d) Soybean
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (d) Soybean
- In India, crops are usually divided into three categories based on the seasons :
- Kharif – Rice, Jowar, Maize, Cotton, Soybean, Groundnut, Millet, Ragi, Bajra, Jute etc.
- Rabi – Wheat, Peas, Pulses, Mustard etc.
- Zaid – Muskmelon, Watermelon, cucumber, Bitter gourd, Sunflower etc.
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44. Which of the following is not a Kharif Crop?
(a) Cotton
(b) Groundnut
(c) Maize
(d) Mustard
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2012, Jharkhand PC.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (d) Mustard
- In India, crops are usually divided into three categories based on the seasons :
- Kharif – Rice, Jowar, Maize, Cotton, Soybean, Groundnut, Millet, Ragi, Bajra, Jute etc.
- Rabi – Wheat, Peas, Pulses, Mustard etc.
- Zaid – Muskmelon, Watermelon, cucumber, Bitter gourd, Sunflower etc.
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45. Which of the following is not a Kharif Crop?
(a) Arhar or toor dal
(b) Gram
(c) Maize
(d) Rice
[U.P.P.C.S (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (b) Gram
- Gram is not a Kharif crop.
- Kharif Crops – Rice, Jowar, Maize, Cotton, Soyabean, Groundnut, Millet, Ragi, Bajra, Jute etc.
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46. Which of the following is not a cash crop?
(a) Jute
(b) Groundnut
(c) Jowar
(d) Sugarcane
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) Jowar
- According to the Economic Survey (2021-22) of the Indian government-
- (A) Food crops
- (i) Rice, Wheat, Maize, Millets.
- (ii) Pulses
- (B) Non-food crops (cash crops)
- (i) Groundnut, Rapeseed, mustard
- (ii) Fibre – Cotton, Jute
- (iii) Plantation crops – Tea, coffee, Rubber
- (iv) Others- Sugarcane, Tobacco etc.
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47. The chief food crop of India is –
(a) Wheat
(b) Rice
(c) Maize
(d) Pulses
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004, 41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (b) Rice
- Rice is the main food crop grown in India, while Wheat is the second most significant food crop. Therefore, option (b) is correct.
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48. Which of the following is the most important food crop in terms of cropped area?
(a) Wheat
(b) Maize
(c) Barley
(d) Rice
[40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000, 41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (d) Rice
- The Economic Survey 2021-22 states that rice is grown on the most land, taking up 45.1 million hectares.
- Wheat takes up the next biggest area, with 31.6 million hectares in 2020-21.
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49. Which of the following crops occupies the largest area in India?
(a) Wheat
(b) Sugarcane
(c) Maize
(d) Rice
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (d) Rice
- The Economic Survey 2021-22 states that rice is farmed on the largest area of land, which is 45.1 million hectares.
- Wheat is grown on 31.6 million hectares in 2020-21 (4th AE).
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50. In India, the largest area under rice cultivation lies in the state of
(a) Andhra Pradesh
(b) Orissa
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) West Bengal
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (c) Uttar Pradesh
- In 2019-2020, the most land used for growing rice was in Uttar Pradesh, which was 5.74 million hectares.
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51. In India, per hectare average production of rice in the year 2013-14 was
(a) 2419 kgs
(b) 3059 kgs
(c) 2602 kgs
(d) 770 kgs
(e) None of these
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (e) None of these
- In 2013-14, the amount of rice produced on a single hectare was 2416 kgs.
- The Economic Survey 2021-22 shows that in 2020-21 (4th A.E), this amount increased to 2713 kg
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52. The region known as the Rice Bowl of India is –
(a) Kerala and Tamil Nadu
(b) Delta region of Krishna-Godavari
(c) North East region
(d) Indus Gangetic Plain
[40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (b) Delta region of Krishna-Godavari
- The delta region of the rivers Krishna and Godavari in Andhra Pradesh is sometimes referred to as the ‘Rice Bowl of India’.
- Rice is grown on 2.29 million hectares of land in this region, which makes up a large part of the total crop area in Andhra Pradesh.
- Most of the rice is grown during the Kharif season, with the Rayalaseema region being the most important area for rice production in the Krishna-Godavari delta.
- Option (b) is the correct answer.
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53. In which of the following states, the productivity of rice is the highest ?
(a) Punjab
(b) U.P.
(c) Haryana
(d) None of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (a) Punjab
- India’s most productive rice crop is in Punjab, which produced 4035 kg/hectare in 2019-20.
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54. Among the Indian States, which state has the highest yield (per hectare) of rice?
(a) West Bengal
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Haryana
(d) Punjab
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (d) Punjab
- Punjab has the most productive rice yield in India with 4035 kg/hectare in 2019-20.
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55. Which of the following is not a Variety of Rice?
(a) Hansa
(b) Jaya
(c) Jawala
(d) Padma
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (c) Jawala
- Significant kinds of rice are Jamuna, Karuna, Jaya, Kanchi, Jagannath, Krishna, Kaveri, Hansa, Vijaya, Padma, Annapurna, Bala and Ratna.
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56. Jaya, Padma, and Krishna are improved varieties of which of the following cereals?
(a) Rice
(b) Wheat
(c) Barley
(d) Maize
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (a) Rice
- In India, Punjab has the most productive rice crop with 4035 kg/hectare in 2019-20.
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57. ‘Aman’ rice is grown during
(a) April-May
(b) June-July
(c) November-December
(d) May-June
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (b) June-July
- Different types of rice can be harvested at different times :
- Aman – June- July (sowing) to November – December (Harvesting) (winter crop)
- Aus or Kar – May-June (sowing) to September – October (Harvesting) (Autumn Crop)
- Boro or Dalua – November-December (sowing) to March – April (harvesting) (Summer Crop)
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58. Pusa Sugandha-5 is an aromatic variety of :
(a) Maize
(b) Red gram
(c) Rice
(d) Sugarcane
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (c) Rice
- Pusa Sugandh-5 is a type of rice that has a strong scent.
|
59. ‘Barani deep’ is a variety of –
(a) Pigeon pea
(b) Maize
(c) Paddy
(d) None of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (c) Paddy
- Barani Deep, Narendra Sankar, Narendra Suska Samrat, and Lalmati are types of rice.
|
60. Which one of the following is a hybrid variety of Basmati rice?
(a) Pusa RH- 10
(b) Pusa Sugandh – 3
(c) Pusa Basmati- 1
(d) Pusa Sugandh – 5
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (a) Pusa RH- 10
- Pusa RH-10 is a type of Basmati Rice that has been crossbred.
- Other types of crossbred Basmati Rice include PHB-71, Ganga, Suruchi, KRH-2, Sahyadri-4, etc.
|
61. The proper seed Ratio for transplanting of basmati rice is
(a) 40-50 kg/ha
(b) 20-30 kg/ha
(c) 15-20 kg/ha
(d) 5-10 kg/ha
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (c) 15-20 kg/ha
- The right amount of Basmati Rice seeds to be planted in one hectare of land should be 15-20 kilograms.
|
62. Consider the following statements and choose the correct code to answer –
Assertion(A): Punjab is a major exporter of rice.
Reason(R): This state leads in rice production.
Code:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is false but, (R) is true
(d) (A) is true but, (R) is false
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (d) (A) is true but, (R) is false
- Punjab is one of the major producers of rice in India and exports it to other states.
- The Economic Survey for 2021-22 showed that West Bengal is the biggest producer of rice, followed by Uttar Pradesh and then Punjab.
- So, the statement is true, but the reason for it is false.
- Therefore, option (a) is correct.
|
63. Which among the following states is the largest producer of rice in India?
(a) Andhra Pradesh
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) West Bengal
(d) Kerala
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (c) West Bengal
- Punjab is one of the main states in India that produces rice and exports it to other states.
- The Economic Survey 2021-22 showed that West Bengal was the biggest producer of rice in 2020-21, followed by Uttar Pradesh and then Punjab.
- This means that statement (A) is true, but the reason (R) is not.
- This makes option (a) the right answer.
|
64. Which one of the following organisms can serve as a biofertilizer for rice crops?
(a) Blue-green algae
(b) Rhizobium
(c) Mycorrhizal fungi
(d) Azotobacter
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (a) Blue-green algae
- Certain types of algae, such as Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria, and Azolla, are used to help fertilize rice crop.
|
65. Assertion (A): The Eastern coast of India produces more rice than the Western coast.
Reason (R): The Eastern coast receives more rainfall than the Western coast.
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true individually and (R) is the the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are individually true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) (A) is true but (R) is false
- The western coast gets more rain than the eastern coast since it is narrower and has taller mountains.
- The eastern coast is better suited for growing rice because of its climate, soil and amount of rainfall.
|
66. In India, during the last decade the total cultivated land for which one of the following crops has remained more or less stagnant?
(a) Rice
(b) Oilseeds
(c) Pulses
(d) Sugarcane
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) Pulses
- In India, the amount of land used to grow pulses has been about the same for a long time.
- It was usually between 14-18 million tonnes.
- However, since 2016-17, the production has gone up to 23 million tonnes and stayed around this mark.
| Crop |
Cropped Area (In Million Hectares)2010-11 |
2019-20 |
2020-21 (4th AE) |
| Pulses |
26.4 |
28 |
28.8 |
|
67. The states which account for more than half of the total rice production in India are –
(a) West Bengal, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Odisha
(b) West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Andhra Pradesh
(c) Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh and Assam
(d) Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha.
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2009, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (b) West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Andhra Pradesh
- Four Indian states – West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Andhra Pradesh – produce more than half of all the rice grown in India.
|
68. Arrange the following states of India in the ascending order of their rice production :
1. Andhra Pradesh
2. Punjab
3. Tamil Nadu
4. West Bengal
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(a) 3, 4, 2, 1
(b) 4, 2, 3, 1
(c) 2, 3, 1, 4
(d) 3, 2, 1, 4
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003]
Ans. (d) 3 2 1 4
- When the question was asked, option (d) was the right answer.
- However, according to the data from 2019-20, the situation has changed and the current status is different.
| (States) |
(Rice Production) (Million Tonnes) |
| Tamil Nadu |
7.18 |
| Punjab |
11.78 |
| Andhra Pradesh |
8.64 |
| West Bengal |
15.57 |
|
69. The surplus producer of rice in India is –
(a) Andhra Pradesh
(b) Bihar
(c) Punjab
(d) Tamil Nadu
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]
Ans. (a) Andhra Pradesh
- In 2008-09, Andhra Pradesh had the highest market surplus ratio compared to other states.
- By 2014-15, Punjab had the highest market surplus ratio, followed by Haryana.
|
70. In India, rice is cultivated in the areas having over-
(a) 20 cm annual rainfall
(b) 30 cm annual rainfall
(c) 60 cm annual rainfall
(d) 100 cm annual rainfall
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (d) 100 cm annual rainfall
- Rice needs more water to grow than any other kind of crop.
- It is grown in areas that get more than 100 cm of rain each year.
|
71. Which one of the following states is having largest area under hybrid rice cultivation?
(a) Bihar
(b) Karnataka
(c) Punjab
(d) Uttar Pradesh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (d) Uttar Pradesh
- Uttar Pradesh has the largest amount of land dedicated to growing this particular type of hybrid rice.
|
72. In India four major producers of rice are –
(a) Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Odisha
(b) Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Assam
(c) West Bengal, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh
(d) West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (c) West Bengal, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh
- When this question was asked, West Bengal, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh were the main producers of rice.
- However, in 2019-20 (4th AE) the four states that produced the most rice were :
- West Bengal
- Uttar Pradesh
- Punjab
- Andhra Pradesh
|
73. Arrange the following state of India in descending order of their rice production and select the correct answer from the codes given below :
1. Andhra Pradesh
2. Punjab
3. Uttar Pradesh
4. West Bengal
Code :
(a) 2, 1, 4, 3
(b) 3, 4, 1, 2
(c) 4, 1, 3, 2
(d) 4, 3, 2, 1
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (d) 4 3 2 1
- In 2019-20 (4th AE), the States that produced the most rice are listed from the highest amount to the lowest amount –
(States) Rice Production (Million Tonnes)
-
- West Bengal 15.57
- Uttar Pradesh 15.52
- Punjab 11.78
- Andhra Pradesh 8.64
|
74. Choose the correct sequence of the States of India, according to the ascending order of rice production in the year 2018-19.
(a) Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh
(b) Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan
(c) Rajasthan, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh
(d) Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above
[66th B.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2020]
Ans. (e) None of the above / More than one of the above
- Statistics from the Agricultural department show that the five biggest rice producers in India during 2019-20 were :
- West Bengal
- Uttar Pradesh
- Punjab
- Andhra Pradesh
- Odisha
|
75. Which of the following crops are grown mainly in the irrigated areas during Zaid?
(a) Arhar and Gram
(b) Moong and Urad
(c) Rice and Millets
(d) Maize and Groundnut
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (b) Moong and Urad
- Moong and Urad are the main crops planted in places with irrigation during the Zaid season.
|
76. With reference to the cultivation of Kharif crops in India in the last fi ve years, consider the following
statements:
1. The area under rice cultivation is the highest.
2. The area under the cultivation of jowar is more than that of oilseeds.
3. The area of cotton cultivation is more than that of sugarcane.
4. The area under sugarcane cultivation has steadily decreased.
Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) 1 and 3 only
- In India, the amount of land used for rice farming in 2014-15 was 44.1 million hectares. By 2020-21 (4th AE), it had increased to 45.1 million hectares, making it the largest.
- In 2020-21 (4th AE), the area used for growing Jowar was 4.2 million hectares, while the area used for growing oilseeds was 28.8 million hectares.
- In 2013-14, 5 million hectares of land were used to grow sugarcane, which increased to 5.1 million hectares in 2014-15. Therefore, the amount of sugarcane has not gone down steadily.
- The amount of land used to grow cotton increased from 12 million hectares in 2013-14, to 12.3 million hectares in 2015-16, and finally to 13 million hectares in 2020-21. This shows that cotton is grown more than sugar.
|
Pulses
1. With reference to pulse production in India, consider the following statements:
1. Black gram can be cultivated as both kharif and rabi crop.
2. Green gram alone accounts for nearly half of pulse production.
3. In the last three decades, while the production of kharif pulses has increased, the production of rabi pulses has decreased.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (a) 1 only
- Urad is a crop that grows best in tropical climates.
- In northern India, it is a kharif crop and in southern India, it is grown in both kharif and rabi seasons.
- In 2016-17, 14% of total pulses produced were Moong.
- This percentage has stayed relatively the same in other years as well, so Statement 2 is not correct.
- Over the last 30 years, there has been a slight increase in the production of kharif crops, and the production of rabi pulses has increased by around 150%.
- Therefore, Statement 3 is also incorrect.
|
2. Which one of the following countries is the major producer and consumer of pulses?
(a) U.S.A.
(b) China
(c) England
(d) India
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (d) India
- India is the biggest producer and consumer of pulses.
- Data from Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2020 shows that India is the biggest producer, followed by Myanmar and Canada.
|
3. Which of the following products is not usually exported from India?
(a) Wheat
(b) Rice
(c) Sugar
(d) Pulses
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2013, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (d) Pulses
- Although India is a major producer of pulses, it still has to buy them from other countries because people in India eat a lot of them.
- Usually, India doesn’t export pulses, but sometimes it does export wheat, rice and sugar.
|
4. Assertion (A): India has a shortage of pulses, but not of protein.
Reason (R): There is a priority in demand of pulses.
In the reference of the above, which of the following is correct :
(a) (A) and (R) both are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) (A) and (R) both are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong
(d) (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (a) (A) and (R) both are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- India does not have enough pulses to meet its high demand, even though it produces more pulses than any other country in the world.
- Both the statement (A) and the reason (R) are correct, and (R) explains (A).
|
5. The largest pulses-producing state in India –
(a) Andhra Pradesh
(b) Bihar
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Rajasthan
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (c) Madhya Pradesh
- When they asked the question, option (c) was the right answer.
- In 2020-21, Madhya Pradesh was the biggest producer of pulses in India, according to the fourth Annual Estimates.
|
6. Which of the following states was the largest producer of pulses in 2011-12 ?
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Madhya Pradesh
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (d) Madhya Pradesh
- When they asked the question, option (d) was the right answer.
- The figures for 2020-21 (4th A.E.) show that the biggest producer of pulses in India is Madhya Pradesh.
|
7. The type of crop which is able to fix nitrogen from the air is :
(a) Wheat
(b) Legumes
(c) Coffee
(d) Rubber
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (b) Legumes
- Legumes are different from other plants because they don’t need nitrogen fertilizer to grow – they absorb nitrogen from the air with the help of a special type of bacteria.
|
8. Which nutrient is considered essential for growing pulse crop ?
(a) Chromium
(b) Cobalt
(c) Iodine
(d) Sodium
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (b) Cobalt
- Cobalt is important for Rhizobium bacteria to help with nitrogen fixation in plants like peas and beans.
- It also helps create vitamin B12.
- Cobalt is needed for plants to grow, do photosynthesis, and evaporate.
|
9. Which of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Arhar – Neelam
(b) Groundnut – Chandra
(c) Lentil – Pant L – 406
(d) Mustard – Varuna
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (a) Arhar – Neelam
- Neelam is not a type of Arhar, it is actually a type of Mango.
- The other choices are correct.
|
10. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(Crop) (Variety)
(a) Mustard Varuna
(b) Field Pea Sapna
(c) Linseed Surya
(d) Groundnut Kaushal
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (c) Linseed Surya
- Surya is a type of mango, papaya, and potato but not linseed.
|
11. Pulse crop which does not fix atmospheric nitrogen is
(a) Gram
(b) Pea
(c) Rajma
(d) Moong
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (*)
- Gram, Pea and Moong are able to fix nitrogen in the air.
- It’s not completely accurate to say that Rajma doesn’t have any nitrogen fixing abilities.
- Studies have shown that Rajma’s ability to fix nitrogen can vary.
- Rajma is a type of crop grown in Nepal, and is often planted together with other crops.
- When it comes to nitrogen fixation, Rajma isn’t very efficient, and it doesn’t tend to form nodules.
|
12. Balanced Fertilizers Ratio (NPK) for legume crops is –
(a) 1 : 2 : 2
(b) 3 : 2 : 1
(c) 4 : 2 : 1
(d) 2 : 2 : 1
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (a) 1 : 2 : 2
- Crops require different amounts of soil nutrients.
- For example, legumes (pulses) could need nutrients in the ratios of 0:1:1, 1:2:2, or 1:2:3. Therefore, choice (a) is the right answer.
|
13. The place of origin of red gram is –
(a) America
(b) India
(c) South Africa
(d) Egypt
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (b) India
- Red gram, a major type of legume crop, started in India.
|
14. Malaviya Chamatkar is a variety of –
(a) Pea
(b) Pigeon-Pea (Arhar)
(c) Moong
(d) Wheat
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (b) Pigeon-Pea (Arhar)
- Malaviya Chamatkar is a type of Arhar.
- The other main kinds of Arhar are Amar, Azad, Malaviya Vikas, Paras and Bahar.
|
15. Which of the following is correctly matched?
(a) Arhar – Bahar
(b) Barley – PVW 343
(c) Gram – Aparna
(d) Paddy – NW 1014
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (a) Arhar – Bahar
- Malaviya Chamatkar is a kind of Arhar.
- Some of the other main kinds of Arhar are Amar, Azad, Malaviya Vikas, Paras, and Bahar.
|
16. ‘Bahar’ is a popular variety of –
(a) Pea
(b) Groundnut
(c) Pigeon pea
(d) Gram
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (c) Pigeon pea
- Malaviya Chamatkar is one kind of Arhar bean.
- Other varieties of Arhar are Amar, Azad, Malaviya Vikas, Paras, and Bahar.
|
17. The leafless variety of pea is –
(a) Arkel
(b) Azad Pea-I
(c) Aparna
(d) L-116
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (c) Aparna
- Aparna is a type of peas that produces a lot of yield and has no leaves.
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