हिंदी में पढ़ें
Basic Questions
1. Which of the following is known as “Dakshin – Gangotri” ?
(a) The place of origin of the river Kaveri
(b) The place where Periyar flows Northwards
(c) India’s first Antarctic Research Station
(d) The rocket launching centre in Kerala
[Uttrakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (c) India’s first Antarctic Research Station
- India’s research station in Antarctica, Dakshin Gangotri, is the first one ever built.
- It serves as a supply base and a stopping point.
- India’s second research station, Maitree, was made in 1988-1989.
- The third one, Bharati, was started in 2012.
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2. The name of India’s third research station in Antarctica?
(a) Bharati
(b) Swagatam
(c) Hindustan
(d) Maitri
[53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (a) Bharati
- India has set up a research station in Antarctica called Bharati.
- This is India’s third research station in Antarctica and it is one of two that are currently active, the other being Maitri.
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3. Which one of the following is the correct definition of “Agenda 21”?
(a) It is an action plan of U.N.O. for protecting human rights.
(b) It is a book of 21st chapters on nuclear disarmament.
(c) It is an action plan for the conservation of the global environment in the 21st century.
(d) It is an agenda for the election of the President in the next meeting of SAARC.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) It is an action plan for the conservation of the global environment in the 21st century.
- Agenda 21 is a plan by the United Nations to help with sustainable development.
- It was created at the Earth Summit meeting in Rio-de-Janeiro, Brazil in 1992, and is made up of 350 pages split into 40 chapters and 4 sections.
- It is not legally binding and is only implemented if people choose to do so.
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4. “Momentum for Change: Climate Neutral Now” is an initiative launched by:
(a) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(b) The UNEP Secretariat
(c) The UNFCCC Secretariat
(d) The World Meteorological Organization
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (c) The UNFCCC Secretariat
- The UNFCCC secretariat started the “Momentum for Change: Climate Neutral Now” initiative to show what people are doing to fight climate change.
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5. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from codes given below :
| List – I |
List – II |
| A. Skin Cancer |
1. Clorofluorocarbon |
| B. Noise Pollution |
2. Ultraviolet Light |
| C. Global Warming |
3. Decibel |
| D. Ozone Hole |
4. Carbon dioxide |
Codes :
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 2 3 1 4
(d) 4 3 2 1
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) 2 3 1 4
| List – I |
List – II |
| A. Skin Cancer |
2. Ultraviolet Light |
| B. Noise Pollution |
3. Decibel |
| C. Global Warming |
1. Clorofluorocarbon |
| D. Ozone Hole |
4. Carbon dioxide |
6. In Uttar Pradesh, the first biotech park was established–
(a) Agra
(b) Allahabad
(c) Lucknow
(d) Varanasi
[U.P.P.C.S (Mains) 2011, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010, U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]
Ans. (c) Lucknow
- In 2002, a Biotechnology Park was established in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.
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7. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :
| List – I |
List – II |
| (Institute) |
(Place) |
| A. National Institute of Nutrition |
1. Pune |
| B. Wild Life Institute of India |
2. Jaipur |
| C. National Institute of Ayurveda |
3. Dehradun |
| D. National Institute of Naturopathy |
4. Hyderabad |
Codes :
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 4 3 2 1
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (d) 4 3 2 1
| List – I |
List – II |
| (Institute) |
(Place) |
| A. National Institute of Nutrition |
4. Hyderabad |
| B. Wild Life Institute of India |
3. Dehradun |
| C. National Institute of Ayurveda |
2. Jaipur |
| D. National Institute of Naturopathy |
1. Pune |
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8. Which among the following are India’s permanent and operational research stations in Antarctica?
(a) Bharati and Arya
(b) Bharati and Dakshin Gangotri
(c) Bharati and Maitri
(d) Dakshin Gangotri and Maitri
[UPPCS (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (c) Bharati and Maitri
- India started off small, but has now accomplished a lot in the Antarctic region.
- They have built three permanent research stations there, known as Dakshin Gangotri, Maitri, and Bharati.
- Currently, two of these stations, Maitri and Bharati, are still being operated.
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9. The symbol ‘ECOMARC’ related to which of the following?
(a) Goods of best quality
(b) Safe goods for environment
(c) Exported goods
(d) Imported goods
[UPPCS (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (c) Exported goods
- In 1991, the Government of India started a program called ‘Ecomark’ to make people more informed.
- This program was meant to identify products that are good for the environment.
- Products that reduce harm to the environment when they are made, used, or disposed of can be classified as Environment-Friendly Products.
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10. With Jaipur’s ‘Jantar Mantar’ being granted World Heritage site status by UNESCO, how many sites in India till August 2010 have been granted this status?
(a) 29
(b) 28
(c) 27
(d) 26
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (b) 28
- In 2010, the number of World Heritage Sites in India increased to 28 when Jantar Mantar of Jaipur was added.
- Now, India has 40 World Heritage Sites.
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11. The recently included building in the list of the world heritage site list of UNESCO is –
(a) Buland Darwaza
(b) Char Minar
(c) Mahabodhi Temple
(d) Sun Temple of Konark
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (c) Mahabodhi Temple
- The Sun Temple of Konark was added to the list of World Heritage Sites in 1984, and the Mahabodhi Temple complex in Bodh Gaya, Bihar was added in 2002.
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12. The “Kailash Sacred Landscape Conservation and Development Initiative” (KSLCDI) is a collaboration among which three nations?
(a) India, Afghanistan, China
(b) India, Nepal, Afghanistan
(c) India, Nepal, Pakistan
(d) India, China, Nepal
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) India, China, Nepal
- Three countries, India, China and Nepal, have joined together to create the “Kailash Sacred Landscape Conservation and Development Initiative”.
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13. ‘Vegetation is the true index of climate’. This statement is associated with
(a) Thornthwaite
(b) Koppen
(c) Trewartha
(d) Stamp
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b) Koppen
- Koppen Climate Classification, which was first published in 1900 and updated in 1918 by Wladimir Peter Koppen, is connected to the idea that plants can tell us a lot about the climate.
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14. Tsunami is the result of –
(a) Shrinking of the Earth’s crust
(b) Cyclones
(c) Marine earthquakes
(d) Tides
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) Marine earthquakes
- A tsunami is a group of big waves caused by a sudden movement in the ocean, often from an earthquake.
- Other things that can cause a tsunami are an underwater landslide, a volcanic eruption, or rarely a big meteorite hitting the water.
- But usually, strong earthquakes are what create tsunamis.
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15. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Centre for Ecological – Bengaluru Science (CES)
(b) Wildlife Institute of India – Dehradun
(c) Indian Institute of – Kolkata Forest Management
(d) G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan – Almora
Environment and Development
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2012]
Ans. (c) Indian Institute of – Kolkata Forest Management
- The Indian Institute of Forest Management is located in Bhopal, not Kolkata.
- The other pairs are matched correctly.
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16. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using codes given below the lists:
| List-I |
List-II |
| (Institute) |
(City) |
| A. Forest Research |
1. Jodhpur Institute |
| B. Indian Grassland |
2. New Delhi and Fodder Research Institute |
| C. Central Arid Zone |
3. Dehradun Research Institute |
| D. Indian Agricultural |
4. Jhansi Research Institute |
Codes :
A B C D
(a) 2 4 1 3
(b) 3 4 1 2
(c) 1 3 2 4
(d) 4 2 3 1
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (b) 3 4 1 2
| List-I |
List-II |
| (Institute) |
(City) |
| A. Forest Research |
3. Dehradun Research Institute |
| B. Indian Grassland |
4. Jhansi Research Institute |
| C. Central Arid Zone |
1. Jodhpur Institute |
| D. Indian Agricultural |
2. New Delhi and Fodder Research Institute |
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17. The Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puraskar is awarded every year for –
(a) Significant contribution to the field of environment
(b) Outstanding contribution to the field of afforestation
(c) Outstanding contribution in the field of wasteland development
(d) Exemplary work in the field of wildlife conservation and research
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (a) Significant contribution to the field of environment
- The Indira Gandhi Environment Award was created in 1987 by the Indian government’s Ministry of Environment and Forest.
- It is given to people and organizations who have done significant work in protecting and improving the environment.
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18. Which one of the following pairs is not matched correctly?
(a) Appico Movement – P. Hegde
(b) Chipko Movement – S.L. Bahuguna
(c) Sava Narmada Movement – Medha Patkar
(d) Silent Valley Movement – Baba Amte
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (d) Silent Valley Movement – Baba Amte
- Baba Amte was involved in the protection of wildlife and also the Narmada Bachao Andolan.
- Dr. Salim Ali was linked to the Silent Valley Movement.
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19. Medha Patkar is related to which movement?
(a) Chipko Movement
(b) Narmada Bachao Andolan
(c) Naxalite Movement
(d) Harm to agricultural land
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (b) Narmada Bachao Andolan
- Medha Patkar was connected to the Narmada Bachao Andolan.
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20. What is the full form of NGT?
(a) National Green Tribunal
(b) National General Tribe
(c) New General Tribunal
(d) National Green Tribe
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (a) National Green Tribunal
- The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was set up on 18 October 2010 according to the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010.
- The purpose of the Tribunal is to make decisions quickly and efficiently on matters related to the protection of the environment, forests, and other natural resources.
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21. The “Rally for Valley” programme in India was organized to highlight the problems of :
(a) Environment Degradation
(b) Biodiversity
(c) Resettlement
(d) Harm to agricultural land
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003]
Ans. (c) Resettlement
- The Rally for Valley initiative was about moving people who had been forced to leave their homes in the Narmada Valley back to the area.
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22. The World Habitat Day is observed on:
(a) March 21
(b) March 23
(c) June 5
(d) October 5
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (d) October 5
- Every year on the first Monday of October, World Habitat Day is observed.
- It was officially chosen by the United Nations and first celebrated in 1986.
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23. With reference to the role of UN-Habitat in the United Nations program working towards a better urban future, which of the statements is/are correct?
1. UN-Habitat has been mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities to provide adequate shelter for all.
2. Its partners are either governments or local urban authorities only.
3. UN-Habitat contributes to the overall objective of the United Nations system to reduce poverty and to promote access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1 only
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (b) 1 and 3 only
- The United Nations Human Settlements Programme is a United Nations organization that helps with human settlements and making cities more sustainable.
- It was set up in 1978 in Nairobi, Kenya.
- It works with governments, local councils, and people from private and non-governmental organizations to give everyone an equal chance to have a home and access to clean water and sanitation.
- This is all part of the United Nations’ mission to reduce poverty.
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24. The United Nations Conference on Climate Change, COP21 was held in
(a) Moscow
(b) Paris
(c) Berlin
(d) Tokyo
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b) Paris
- In 2015, the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21) was held in Paris.
- This was the 21st time the Conference of Parties (COP) met to discuss the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) and the 11th session of the Meeting of the Parties to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol.
- The next conference, COP 27, will take place in Sharm El Sheikh City in Egypt.
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25. The World Anti-Tobacco Day is Celebrated every year on–
(a) 12th May
(b) 13th May
(c) 21st May
(d) 31st May
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (d) 31st May
- World No Tobacco Day is celebrated around the world annually on the 31st of May.
- It is meant to promote not using any type of tobacco product around the world.
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26. 19th November is observed as the
(a) World Green Day
(b) World Anti-Poverty Day
(c) World Toilet Day
(d) World Clean Water Day
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015]
Ans. (c) World Toilet Day
- In 2013, the UN made November 19th World Toilet Day.
- This event is organized by UN-Water with the help of governments and other partners.
- The focus of World Toilet Day 2021 was to show the importance of having toilets.
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27. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer using codes given below the lists :
| List – I |
List – II |
| (Important Day) |
(Date) |
| A. World Environment Day |
1. March 21 |
| B. World Forestry Day |
2. June 5 |
| C. World Habitat Day |
3. September 16 |
| D. World Ozone Day |
4. October 4 |
| |
5. October 10 |
Codes :
A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 5
(b) 1 2 4 3
(c) 1 2 3 4
(d) 2 1 4 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (d) 2 1 4 3
| List – I |
List – II |
| (Important Day) |
(Date) |
| A. World Environment Day |
2. June 5 |
| B. World Forestry Day |
1. March 21 |
| C. World Habitat Day |
4. October 4 |
| D. World Ozone Day |
3. September 16 |
| |
|
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28. Match List-I and List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :
| List-I |
List-II |
| (World Days) |
(Date) |
| A. World Earth Day |
1. 22 March |
| B. World Cities Day |
2. 11 July |
| C. World Population Day |
3. 31 October |
| D. World Water Day |
4. 22 April |
Codes :
A B C D
(a) 4 3 2 1
(b) 1 2 3 4
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 2 1 4 3
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (a) 4 3 2 1
| List-I |
List-II |
| (World Days) |
(Date) |
| A. World Earth Day |
4. 22 April |
| B. World Cities Day |
3. 31 October |
| C. World Population Day |
2. 11 July |
| D. World Water Day |
1. 22 March |
|
29. The Prime Minister of India launched “Swachha Bharat Mission” o൶ cially on –
(a) Independence Day
(b) Republic Day
(c) Gandhi Jayanti
(d) Environment Day
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (c) Gandhi Jayanti
- Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi started the big ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’ (Clean India Mission) on 2nd October 2014, which was the 145th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.
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30. United Nation’s highest environmental honour – ‘Champion of the Earth’ award 2018 was conferred on-
(a) Narendra Modi
(b) Medha Patkar
(c) Uma Bharti
(d) Sonam Wangchuk
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (a) Narendra Modi
- Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India, was given the United Nation’s ‘Champions of the Earth’ award 2018 by UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres at a ceremony in Delhi.
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31. In which district will the National Dinosaur Fossil Park be set up ?
(a) Balaghat
(b) Mandsaur
(c) Dhar
(d) Mandla
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) Dhar
- The Madhya Pradesh Wildlife Board has proposed the National Dinosaur Fossil Park to be built in Dhar District, Madhya Pradesh.
- The Park will be located close to the Bagh Caves and will cover an area of 89.74 hectares.
- It is noteworthy that in 2006, over 100 Dinosaur eggs were found in Dhar district and were estimated to be about 65 to 70 million years old.
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32. India’s first National Centre for Marine Biodiversity (NCMB) is located in which city?
(a) Bhavnagar
(b) Jamnagar
(c) Mumbai
(d) Puducherry
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b) Jamnagar
- India’s first NCMB is in Jamnagar, Gujarat.
- Its purpose is to protect the different types of life in coastal areas.
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33. Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI) is situated at :
(a) Ahmedabad
(b) Bangalore
(c) Hyderabad
(d) Jodhpur
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2008, U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (d) Jodhpur
- The Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), located in Jodhpur, was established in 1959 by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research in New Delhi.
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34. Indian Institute of Ecology and Environment is situated in which of the following cities ?
(a) New Delhi
(b) Thiruvananthapuram
(c) Kolkata
(d) Jodhpur
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (a) New Delhi
- The Indian Institute of Ecology and Environment in New Delhi was set up on World Environment Day on 5th June, 1980.
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35. AGMARK Act came into force in India in –
(a) 1937
(b) 1952
(c) 1957
(d) 1965
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (a) 1937
- The AGMARK Act of 1937 was created to help grade and mark agricultural and other products.
- It became law in 1937.
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36. The term ‘Domestic Content Requirement’ is sometimes seen in the news with reference to :
(a) Developing solar power production in our country
(b) Granting licenses to foreign T.V. channels in our country
(c) Exporting our food products to other countries
(d) Permitting foreign educational institutions to set up their campuses in our country
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (a) Developing solar power production in our country
- The Domestic Content Requirement (DCR) was created to help increase solar power production in the country.
- In 2010, the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission was renamed and launched to make India a leader in solar energy.
- This means that solar utilities and batteries made in India will be used for solar projects.
- The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy offers a 30% subsidy on decentralized solar products, like solar lighting, water heating, and solar coolers.
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37. In which of the scientific fields, Borlaug award is given:
(a) Medicine
(b) Space Research
(c) Agriculture
(d) Atomic Physics
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (c) Agriculture
- The Borlaug Award is given to recognize people who have done excellent work in the field of agriculture.
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38. Which of the following is the main component of natural gas?
(a) Ethane
(b) Butane
(c) Carbon mono-oxide
(d) Methane
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (d) Methane
- Natural gas is a type of energy that is invisible and has no smell.
- It is also good for the environment.
- It is made up of mostly Methane, which is found naturally.
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39. Which one of the following is the national aquatic animal of India?
(a) Salt-water crocodile
(b) Olive ridley trutle
(c) Gangetic dolphin
(d) Gharial
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) Gangetic dolphin
- The Gangetic River Dolphin is the national aquatic animal of India, and is seen as a symbol of the Ganges River’s purity, as it can only live in clean water.
- The Environment and Forest Ministry announced the designation of this mammal as India’s national aquatic animal on May 18th, 2010.
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40. For weather science dispatch, which of the following is used to fill balloons?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Methane
(d) Helium
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (d) Helium
- Helium, which is an unreactive gas, is put into balloons used for meteorological research.
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41. Why is a plant called Prosopis juliflora often mentioned in the news?
(a) Its extract is widely used in cosmetics
(b) It tends to reduce the biodiversity in the area in which it grows
(c) Its extract is used in the synthesis of pesticides
(d) None of the above
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b) It tends to reduce the biodiversity in the area in which it grows
- Prosopis juliflora is a non-native plant that destroys most of the native plants and animals that live near it.
- This plant reduces the variety of life in the area where it grows.
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42. For the betterment of human life, which of the following steps is important?
(a) Afforestation
(b) Ban on mining
(c) Protection of Wildlife
(d) Reduce the use of natural resources
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (a) Afforestation
- Planting more trees would create more green spaces, reduce air pollution, help reduce global warming, give us more oxygen to breathe, and slow down soil erosion.
- All of this would make life better for people, so afforestation is an important step to take.
|
43. If LANDSAT data for an area is received today, then the data for an adjacent area to its west will be
available –
(a) In the next orbit of the satellite on the same day
(b) Next day at the same local time
(c) After a certain number of days at the same local time
(d) After the variable controllable time
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) After a certain number of days at the same local time
- The satellite orbiting the Earth will send data for a neighboring area to the west of the current area at the same time each day after a certain number of days.
- This is thanks to the satellite’s revolution around the Earth.
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44. Which of the following hurricane affected the northeastern and eastern coastal area of USA in 2012?
(a) Katrina
(b) Vilma
(c) Rita
(d) Sandy
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (d) Sandy
- In 2005, Hurricanes Katrina, Vilma, and Rita caused major destruction in the United States.
- In 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused destruction in the coastal areas of the northeast and east of the United States.
|
45. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from codes given below the lists :
| List-I |
List-II |
| (State) |
(National Park) |
| A. Assam |
1. Kaziranga |
| B. Gujarat |
2. Kanha |
| C. Madhya Pradesh |
3. Corbett |
| D. Uttaranchal |
4. Gir |
Codes :
A B C D
(a) 3 2 4 1
(b) 2 4 1 3
(c) 1 3 2 4
(d) 1 4 2 3
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (d) 1 4 2 3
| List-I |
List-II |
| (State) |
(National Park) |
| A. Assam |
1. Kaziranga |
| B. Gujarat |
4. Gir |
| C. Madhya Pradesh |
2. Kanha |
| D. Uttaranchal |
3. Corbett |
|
46. Tree useful for prevention of dust pollution –
(a) Sita Ashok
(b) Mahua
(c) Poplar
(d) Neem
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (a) Sita Ashok
- The Sita Ashok tree is the best way to protect against dust pollution.
|
47. Seaweeds are the main and important source of the following element :
(a) Iodine
(b) Chlorine
(c) Bromine
(d) None of the above
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (a) Iodine
- Seaweed is a big source of Iodine, as well as things like seafood and dairy products.
|
48. Which of the following is not correctly matched? Animal Breed
(a) Buffalo – Bhadawari
(b) Cow – Sindhi
(c) Goat – Jamunapari
(d) Sheep – Tharparkar
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (d) Sheep – Tharparkar
- The Bhadawari buffalo is found in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
- Tharparkar is a type of cow and not a sheep, and it is found in Gujarat and Rajasthan.
- According to the UPPSC official key, option (a) is not the right answer; the correct answer is option (d).
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49. The Ringelmann scale is used to measure the density of
(a) Smoke
(b) Polluted water
(c) Fog
(d) Noise
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (a) Smoke
- Maximilien Ringelmann, a French professor of agricultural engineering from La Station d’Essais de Machines in Paris, developed a scale to measure the opacity or density of smoke.
- He also found out what is now known as the Ringelmann effect.
|
High-Level Questions
1. How many agreements are there in Agenda 21?
(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 7
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (a) 4
- Agenda 21 is an action plan created by the United Nations to help with sustainable development.
- It is not legally binding, and people are encouraged to volunteer for it.
- There are 4 parts to Agenda 21.
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2. With reference to ‘The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)’, consider the following statements:
1. It is an organization of the European Union in working relations with NATO and WHO.
2. It monitors the chemical industry to prevent new weapons from emerging.
3. It provides assistance and protection to States (Parties) against chemical weapons threats.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) 2 and 3 only
- The OPCW’s goal is to make sure there are no chemical weapons and to stop them from being used again.
- The OPCW also works to protect and promote the use of chemistry for peaceful purposes.
- To make sure that everyone is a part of the OPCW, they are trying to help countries build their capacity and support international cooperation.
- Currently, 98% of the world’s population, landmass, and chemical industry are part of the OPCW.
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3. Which of the following best describes/describe the aim of ‘Green India Mission’ of the Government of India?
1. Incorporating environmental benefits and costs into the Union and State Budgets thereby implementing the ‘green accounting’
2. Launching the second green revolution to enhance agricultural output so as to ensure food security to one and all in the future
3. Restoring and enhancing forest cover and responding to climate change by a combination of adaptation and mitigation measures.
Select the correct answer using codes given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) 3 only
- The National Mission for Green India (GIM) is part of a plan to address climate change in India.
- Its goal is to protect, restore, and increase the country’s decreasing forest cover and to use a combination of adaptation and mitigation measures to deal with climate change.
- It looks at greening overall and puts a focus on preserving biodiversity, water, biomass, mangroves, wetlands, and other critical habitats.
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4. How is the National Green Tribunal (NGT) different from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)?
1. The NGT has been established by an Act whereas the CPCB has been created by executive order of the Government.
2. The NGT provides environmental justice and helps reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts whereas the CPCB promotes cleanliness of streams and wells, and aims to improve the quality of air in the country.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b) 2 only
- The National Green Tribunal was set up in 2010 under a special law to handle cases about protecting the environment and nature.
- The Central Pollution Control Board was made in 1974 under a law about water pollution.
- The CPCB is responsible for keeping water and air clean. So, statement 1 is wrong and statement 2 is right.
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5. Prestigious ‘Tyler Prize’ is given in the field of –
(a) Drama
(b) Woman Rights
(c) Child Rights
(d) Environment Protection
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (d) Environment Protection
- The Tyler Prize for Environment Achievement is a very prestigious award for environmental science, health, and energy that benefits humanity.
- In 2016, Sir Partha Das Gupta from the University of Cambridge was given the prize. In 2018, Paul Falkowski and James J. McCarthy were the recipients.
- This year, Pavan Sukhdev and Gretchen C.
- Daily have been awarded the Tyler Prize.
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6. Rajiv Gandhi Environment Award is given for outstanding contribution to :
(a) Afforestation and conservation of wastelands
(b) Neat technology and development
(c) Wildlife Conservation
(d) Hindi books on environment
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (b) Neat technology and development
- The Rajiv Gandhi Environment Award is given to industrial units that make a great impact on the development of new technology, modify existing technology, or use clean technologies that help reduce or stop pollution.
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7. ‘Global 500’ awards are given for achievements in:
(a) Population control
(b) Campaign against terrorism
(c) Protection of the environment
(d) Campaign against drugs
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002, U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2001]
Ans. (c) Protection of the environment
- In 1987, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) created the Global 500 Award to recognize and appreciate people and organizations that work hard to protect the environment.
- This award is a way to give credit to those who face big challenges to make a difference for the environment.
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8. ‘R2 Code of Practices’ constitutes a tool available for promoting the adoption of
(a) environmentally responsible practices in the electronics recycling industry
(b) ecological management of ‘Wetlands of International Importance’ under the Ramsar Convention
(c) sustainable practices in the cultivation of agricultural crops in degraded lands
(d) ‘Environmental Impact Assessment’ in the exploitation of natural resources
[I.A.S (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (a) Environmentally responsible practices in electronics recycling industry
- The R2 Code of Practices are a set of activities that electronics companies must do in order to be certified.
- Following these practices will help the company make more money and gain more market share through improved systems and processes.
- This code is important because it helps ensure that electronics recycling companies are doing things responsibly.
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9. International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) is :
(a) 1991-2000
(b) 1981-1990
(c) 2001-2010
(d) 2011-2020
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) 1991-2000
- The United Nations General Assembly declared the 1990-1999 period as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction.
- The goal was to reduce the amount of deaths, destruction, and financial and social impacts caused by natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and droughts.
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10. District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) is headed by
(a) District Magistrate
(b) District Collector
(c) Any of them as the case may be
(d) None of the above
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) Any of them as the case may be
- The District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) in Jharkhand is led by the District Magistrate or District Collector.
- Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.
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11. Where is the National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) located ?
(a) Nagpur
(b) New Delhi
(c) Hyderabad
(d) Pune
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) New Delhi
- The National Institute of Disaster Management is based in New Delhi and was created in 1995.
- It was set up based on the Disaster Management Act of 2005.
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12. The Disaster Management Act was made in
(a) 2006
(b) 2003
(c) 2005
(d) 2009
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (c) 2005
- The Indian government passed the Disaster Management Act in 2005 to help manage disasters efficiently.
- This law came into effect in January 2006.
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13. When was National Disaster Management Authority formed?
(a) 2006
(b) 2008
(c) 2011
(d) 2005
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (a) 2006
- On September 27, 2006, the Indian Government created the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) through the Disaster Management Act, 2005.
- This Act was passed in December 2005 and it stated that the Prime Minister should lead NDMA and each state should have its own Disaster Management Authority (SDMAs), which would be headed by the Chief Minister.
- NDMA’s role is to make policies, plans and guidelines for Disaster Management to make sure quick and effective responses to disasters.
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14. Functions of Development of Disaster Management Knowledge-cum-Demonstration Center (SRIJAN) are:
(a) Creating knowledge-cum-demonstration centers
(b) Creating awareness
(c) Providing local need-based information
(d) All the above
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) All the above
- SRIJAN’s main purpose is to teach people about different potential disasters, like drought, flooding, and forest fires.
- It will also provide local, need-based information, communication, and technology equipment.
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15. Section ……. of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 empowers the Governor of a State to establish a State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA).
(a) Section 14(1)
(b) Section 15
(c) Section 16
(d) None of the above
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) Section 14(1)
- The Governor of each state is allowed to create a State Disaster Management Authority according to Section 14(I) of the Disaster Management Act of 2005.
- This will happen after the government makes an announcement about it under Section 3(1) of the same Act.
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16. Which of the following statements are true?
1. Natural disasters cause maximum damage in developing countries.
2. The Bhopal gas tragedy was man-made.
3. India is a disaster-free country.
4. Mangroves reduce the impact of cyclones.
Select the correct answer from codes given below:
Codes :
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 4
(d) 1, 3 and 4
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (c) 1, 2 and 4
- India is a risky place with lots of different disasters, both caused by nature and people.
- Droughts, floods, earthquakes, cyclones, and avalanches are only some of the disasters that happen in India.
- Floods are the most common natural disaster.
- Heavy rain from the southwest monsoon can cause rivers like the Brahmaputra to overflow and flood the nearby area.
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17. Which of the following is post post-disaster measure?
(a) Zoning
(b) Reconstruction
(c) Planning and Policies
(d) Early warning
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (b) Reconstruction
- Disaster Management includes five steps: prevention, being ready, reacting, reducing damage, and rebuilding.
- After a disaster happens, rebuilding, recovering, and responding are important.
- Before a disaster, prevention, reducing damage, and getting ready are important.
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18. Which one of the following countries celebrates National Cleanliness Day on the last Saturday of every month:
(a) France
(b) Italy
(c) Sierra Leone
(d) Singapore
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (c) Sierra Leone
- Sierra Leone has a National Cleanliness Day every month, which happens on the last Saturday.
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19. Which one of the following has been recognized as a Mega-diverse country?
(a) New Zealand
(b) Australia
(c) Nepal
(d) Austria
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re Exam.) 2015]
Ans. (b) Australia
- The world’s most biologically diverse countries are called “Mega diverse countries”.
- These countries include the United States, Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Brazil, the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa, Madagascar, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, China, and Australia.
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20. Which of the following is called “graveyard of Dinosaurs”?
(a) China
(b) Montana
(c) Argentina
(d) Brazil
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) Montana
- In the USA, Montana is known as the place where Dinosaurs died.
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21. The ‘Eco Mark’ Scheme was launched in 1991 to encourage consumers to buy products with less harmful environmental impact. Which one of the following consumer products is not notified under this Scheme?
(a) Soaps and Detergents
(b) Paper and Plastics
(c) Cosmetics and Aerosols
(d) Drugs and Antibiotics
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2013]
Ans. (d) Drugs and Antibiotics
- Eco-Mark is a labelling system created by the Indian government in 1991 to help people identify products that are good for the environment.
- Drugs and antibiotics are not part of this list.
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22. With reference to pre-packaged items in India, it is mandatory for the manufacturer to put which of the following information on the main label, as per the Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and Labelling) Regulations, 2011?
1. List of ingredients including additives
2. Nutrition information
3. Recommendations, if any, made by the medical profession about the possibility of any allergic reactions
4. Vegetarian/non-vegetarian
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 4
(d) 1 and 4 only
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) 1, 2 and 4
- Every food package must have a label that includes the food’s name, a list of ingredients, nutritional information, energy value in Kcal, amount of protein, carbohydrate (including sugar), fat (in grams or ml), any other nutrient that has a nutrition or health claim, whether it is vegetarian or not, and any food additives.
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23. Which Indian scientist is recognised by ‘UNEP’ as Father of Economic Ecology ?
(a) B.P. Pal
(b) Yash Pal
(c) M.S. Swaminathan
(d) R. Mishra
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (c) M.S. Swaminathan
- The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has named Dr. M.S. Swaminathan as the founder of Economic Ecology.
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24. With reference to the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), consider the following statements :
1. It is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Environment and Forests.
2. It strives to conserve nature through action-based research, education, and public awareness.
3. It organizes and conducts nature trails and camps for the general public.
Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (c) 2 and 3 only
- The Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) India is a country-wide organization that has been devoted to protecting the environment since 1883.
- The BNHS focuses on collecting natural history, researching different species and environments, conserving land and water, developing an environmental information system, outreach activities such as camps, exhibitions, lectures, and other events, as well as communication and advocacy.
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25. Which one of the following is the evergreen fruit plant?
(a) Apple
(b) Almond
(c) Peach
(d) Loquat
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (d) Loquat
- Loquat is a type of plant that produces fruit and stays green all year round.
- It is commonly found in Japan.
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26. Weather monitoring device SODAR is established at –
(a) Jaipur
(b) Cuttak
(c) Chandigarh
(d) Kaiga and Kalpakkam
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (d) Kaiga and Kalpakkam
- SODAR is a tool used in meteorology to measure wind speed at different heights from the ground.
- It works by sending sound waves into the atmosphere and measuring the turbulence that they create.
- SODAR is used in India at Kaiga, Kalpakkam, Tarapur and Trombey.
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27. Winterline, the natural phenomena is observed in which part of the country?
(a) Shimla
(b) Darjeeling
(c) Mussoorie
(d) Nanital
[Uttarakhand Lower Sub. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) Mussoorie
- From October to January, when the sun goes down, the western sky turns into a mix of different colors like yellow, red, orange, and mauve.
- This is called winterline and is only seen in Mussoorie and Switzerland.
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28. Glaciation of peninsular India occurred during which of the following ice-age?
(a) Huronian ice age
(b) Carboniferous Ice Age
(c) Pleistocene Ice age
(d) Little Ice Age
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (c) Plestocin Ice age
- During the Plestocin Ice age, parts of India were covered in glaciers.
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29. The Monoclimax Theory was propounded by –
(a) F.E. Clements
(b) C.C. Park
(c) D.V. Ager
(d) S.J. Gould
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (a) F.E. Clements
- F.E. Clement proposed the idea of monoclimax.
- According to this theory, each region has one eco-system that all other eco-systems in the area are gradually becoming like.
- He thought that climate affects the type of plants in the area, and the climax eco-system of an area is only determined by its climate.
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30. If you walk through the countryside, you are likely to see some birds stalking alongside the cattle to seize the insects disturbed by their movement through grasses. Which of the following is/are such bird/birds?
1. Painted Stork
2. Common Myna
3. Black-necked Crane
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 3 only
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (b) 2 only
- Dr. Salim Ali was an Indian bird expert and nature lover.
- He was known as the ‘Birdman of India’.
- In his book, he wrote that the Common Myna bird follows cows and catches the bugs that are kicked up by the cows when they move through grass.
- The Painted Stork is found in the southern Himalayas and eats small fish close to wetlands.
- The Black-necked Crane is found in Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh and Ladakh.
- It is an animal that eats both plants and animals, like roots, bugs, fish and frogs.
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31. Which of the following has the lowest mean net primary productivity?
(a) Temperate forests
(b) Tropical forests
(c) Temperate grasslands
(d) Tropical savanna
[U.P.P.C.S. (Re. Exam) (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) Temperate grasslands
- Autotrophs (plants and bacteria) convert energy from sunlight and chemicals into organic substances, which is known as primary productivity.
- The amount of productivity in an area or system is called gross primary productivity.
- For temperate grasslands, the primary productivity is about 500 grams per square centimeter per year.
- Temperate forests have a primary productivity of around 1000 grams, tropical forests have 2000 grams, and tropical savannas have 700 grams.
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32. The Marine National Park of India is located in –
(a) Kutch
(b) Sundarban
(c) Chilka Lake
(d) Nicobar Islands
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (a) Kutch
- The Marine National Park is situated in the Jamnagar district of Gujarat, in the Gulf of Kutch.
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33. The Marine National Park is located in
(a) Gulf of Kutch
(b) Sunderbans
(c) Chilka Lake
(d) None of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (a) Gulf of Kutch
- The Marine National Park in the Gulf of Kutch is located on the southern coast in the Jamnagar region of Gujarat.
- It is India’s first-ever marine park, with a total of 42 islands.
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34. “Bhitarkanika” which has recently been included in the list of ‘World Heritage Sites’ is situated in –
(a) Andhra Pradesh
(b) Chhattisgarh
(c) Odisha
(d) West Bengal
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (c) Odisha
- Bhitarkanika is a beautiful area in the northeastern part of Odisha’s Kendrapara district, located alongside the Brahmani and Baitarani rivers.
- It is full of vibrant, lush green vegetation.
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35. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from codes given below the lists :
| List-I |
List-II |
| (Wild Life Sanctuary) |
(State) |
| A. Namdapha |
1. Karnataka |
| B. Bandipur |
2. Arunachal Pradesh |
| C. Periyar |
3. Manipur |
| D. Lamjao |
4. Kerala |
Codes :
A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 3
(b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 4 2 1 3
(d) 2 4 3 1
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (a) 2 1 4 3
| List-I |
List-II |
| (Wild Life Sanctuary) |
(State) |
| A. Namdapha |
2. Arunachal Pradesh |
| B. Bandipur |
1. Karnataka |
| C. Periyar |
4. Kerala |
| D. Lamjao |
3. Manipur |
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36. The five rhino range nations, that signed a declaration “The New Delhi Declaration on Asian Rhinos 2019” are India, Nepal, Malaysia, Indonesia and
(a) Vietnam
(b) Thailand
(c) Myanmar
(d) Bhutan
(e) None of the above/ more than one of the above
[65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (d) Bhutan
- India, along with Nepal, Malaysia, Indonesia and Bhutan, signed the ‘New Delhi Declaration on Asian Rhinos 2019’ to protect rhino species at the Second Asian Rhino Range countries meeting in New Delhi.
- This meeting was organized by the Indian government with the help of the IUCN Asian Rhino Specialist Group, WWF-India and Aaranyak.
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37. Which one of the following states has the maximum area under teak forest in India?
(a) Jharkhand
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(c) Uttrakhand
(d) Madhya Pradesh
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (d) Madhya Pradesh
- Madhya Pradesh has the most forests in India, followed by Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Maharashtra.
- According to forest cover compared to total area, the top five states are Mizoram (84.53%), Arunachal Pradesh (79.33%), Meghalaya (76.00%), Manipur (74.34%), and Nagaland (73.90%).
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38. Recently, there was a growing awareness in our country about the importance of Himalayan nettle (Girardinia diversifolia) because it is found to be a sustainable source of
(a) Anti-malarial drug
(b) Biodiesel
(c) Pulp for paper industry
(d) Textile fibre
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (d) Textile fibre
- The Himalayan nettle (Girardinia diversifolia) produces fibers, and people in the Himalayan region rely on it as an important source of income because it is sustainable for making textiles.
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39. World’s most problematic aquatic weed is :
(a) Azolla
(b) Eichornia
(c) Trapa
(d) Wolffia
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (b) Eichornia
- Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) is the most widespread and harmful aquatic weed.
- It has become the most invasive weed in the world because it grows quickly, adapts to its environment easily, and causes damage to the environment, economy, and human health.
- Water hyacinth originated in the Amazon region in South America and is very hard to control.
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40. Which of the following statements about India’s largest Charkha is/are true?
1. It was inaugurated in Noida.
2. It is made of used plastic waste.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :
(a) Only1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (c) Both 1 and 2
- On the day before the 150th birthday of Mahatma Gandhi, the biggest ‘Charkha’ made of plastic waste was opened in Noida, India.
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41. How many Indian beaches have been recommended for the Blue Flag Certification recently?
(a) Six
(b) Seven
(c) Eight
(d) Nine
(d) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (c) Eight
- An eminent international jury, consisting of members from UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), UNWTO (United Nations World Tourism Organization), FEE (Foundation for Environment Education), and IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), has awarded the prestigious ‘Blue Flag Certification’ to eight Indian beaches located in five states and two union territories.
- The beaches that have received the ‘Blue Flag’ recognition are Shivrajpur (Dwarka-Gujarat), Ghoghla (Diu), Kararkod and Padubidri (Karnataka), Kappad (Kerala), Rushikonda (Andhra Pradesh), Radhanagar (Andaman & Nicobar Islands), and Golden beach (Puri-Odisha).
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42. Where was the Mitti Bachao (Save the Soil) Movement started in India?
(a) Thane, Maharashtra
(b) Mysore, Karnataka
(c) Darbhanga, Bihar
(d) Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (d) Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh
- In 1977, the Mitti Bachao Movement began in Hoshangabad district of Madhya Pradesh to oppose the building of the Tawa Hydropower Project.
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43. World Ozone Day is celebrated on
(a) 25th December
(b) 21 April
(c) 16th September
(d) 30th January
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (c) 16th September
- On December 19, 2000, the United Nations General Assembly decided to celebrate September 16 as International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer.
- This was to commemorate the day in 1987 when countries signed the Montreal Protocol, which is a treaty to reduce substances that can damage the ozone layer.
- This year, the theme of World Ozone Day is “Montreal Protocol Keeping us, our food, and vaccines cool.”
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