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Soaps and Detergents
Raw Materials and Composition
- Soaps:
- Manufactured using vegetable oil.
- Detergents:
- Detergents used for cleaning clothes are primarily sulfonates.
Cleaning Mechanism
- Soaps: Remove grease primarily through emulsification.
- Detergents: Effectively remove oil and dirt because they reduce the surface tension of water.
- (The statement that they increase surface tension is false.)
- General: The cleaning action is not primarily due to coagulation, adsorption, or osmosis.
Detergents vs. Soaps in Hard Water
- Synthetic detergents can form a lather in hard water.
- This is because they form soluble calcium and magnesium salts with hard water, preventing the scum formation that occurs with soap.
Additives in Washing Powders
- Sodium silicate and sodium sulfate are mixed into detergent powders.
- A key function of these additives is to maintain the dryness of the powder (prevent clumping).
- Their role is not primarily to maintain the basicity of the powder.
General Definitions
- A detergent is defined as a refining agent (in a general chemical context).
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