1. Arthritis is caused by the deposition of which of the following in the joints of the body ?
(a) Urea
(b) Uric acid
(c) Albumin
(d) Cholesterol
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (b) Uric acid
- Arthritis is caused by too much uric acid building up in the joints and other parts of the body. Gout is a type of arthritis that causes pain.
|
2. High levels of uric acid in the blood is characteristic of which disease?
(a) Arthritis
(b) Gout
(c) Rheumatism
(d) Rheumatism heart
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (b) Gout
- Gout is an illness brought about by having too much uric acid in the blood. It can cause a painful, stiff, and swollen joint.
|
3. The people who eat cooked food with adulterated mustard oil can cause dangerous disease (Dropsy). Which one of the following reasons may not be correct (As happened in India)?
(a) Argemone oil adulteration
(b) Parts of cyanide in mustard oil
(c) Adulteration of rice husk in oil
(d) White colour adulteration
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (c) Adulteration of rice husk in oil
- Dropsy is a disease where the body tissues swell due to the build-up of fluids. In most cases, mustard oil is purposely or accidentally contaminated with argemone oil, causing proteinuria.
- Often, mustard oil is contaminated with cyanide parts and white substances. Rice husk in oil, however, is not the cause.
|
4. “It begins as a single cell and grows into a merciless disease that claims millions of lives year after year. But scientists are steadily unlocking its mysteries and the fi ght against it, may now have reached a dramatic turning point. New discoveries promise better therapies and hope in the war against…..” The disease referred to in the above quotation is :
(a) Cancer
(b) AIDS
(c) Tuberculosis
(d) Alzheimer’s disease
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (a) Cancer
- Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells that can spread to other parts of the body. Not all lumps are cancerous; benign lumps don’t move around.
- Signs of cancer may be a new lump, strange bleeding, a long-lasting cough, unexplained weight loss, and changes in bowel movements.
- However, these symptoms can be caused by other things too. There are over 100 types of cancer that affect people.
|
5. Anthophobia is fear of the following :
(a) Boss
(b) Fire
(c) Flowers
(d) Dogs
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 1999]
Ans. (c) Flowers
- Anthophobia is a strong and long-lasting fear of flowers. It is named after the Greek words for flower (Anthos) and fear (Phobos).
|
6. The disease hysteria generally occur in which group –
(a) Married women
(b) Old women
(c) Young women
(d) Young men & women
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (c) Young women
- Hysteria is a medical condition that usually affects young, unmarried women. It is a disorder of the reproductive organs that causes extreme fear, unease, and lightheadedness.
|
7. ‘Silicosis’ is a –
(a) Kidney disease
(b) Liver disease
(c) Lung disease
(d) Neurological disorder
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (c) Lung disease
- Silicosis is a lung illness that is caused by breathing in small pieces of silica. Silica is a frequent mineral that can be found in sand, rocks and certain types of minerals like quartz.
|
8. The malfunctioning of thyroid gland is due to the deficiency of :
(a) vitamin A
(b) calcium
(c) iodine
(d) iron
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (c) iodine
- The thyroid gland isn’t working properly because there is not enough iodine. Goitre is an enlargement of the thyroid, usually caused by not having enough iodine in your diet.
- Without enough iodine, the thyroid cannot make enough of the hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which are needed to control metabolism and other important body functions.
|
9. Match the following and select the correct answer from the codes given below –
A. Anaemia 1. Vitamin B deficiency
B. Goitre 2. Iron deficiency
C. Night-blindness 3. Iodine deficiency
D. Beri-beri 4. Vitamin A deficiency
Code :
A B C D
(a) 2 1 3 4
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 1 2 3 4
(d) 2 4 3 1
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) 2 3 4 1
The correctly matched lists are as follows :
| A. Anaemia |
2. Iron deficiency |
| B. Goitre |
3. Iodine deficiency |
| C. Night-blindness |
4. Vitamin A deficiency |
| D. Beri-beri |
1. Vitamin B deficiency |
|
10. Deficiency of Iodine causes :
(a) Night Blindness
(b) Cancer
(c) Goitre
(d) Osteoporosis
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (c) Goitre
- Not having enough iodine can lead to goitre, which is when the neck gets bigger due to a large thyroid gland. Low iron levels can cause anaemia. Vitamins A and B can help stop night blindness and beri-beri.
|
11. Shortage of which element causes goitre disease?
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Calcium
(c) Iodine
(d) Phosphorus
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2007]
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (c) Iodine
- Iodine deficiency can lead to goitre, which is when the thyroid gland swells and causes the neck to look thicker. Iron deficiency can cause anemia. Vitamins A and B can help prevent night blindness and beri-beri.
|
12. Iodine is administered to patients suffering from
(a) Rheumatism
(b) Night blindness
(c) Rickets
(d) Goitre
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (d) Goitre
- Not having enough iodine can cause goitre, which is when the neck becomes bigger because the thyroid gland gets bigger. Not having enough iron can cause anemia. Vitamins A and B can help prevent night blindness and beri-beri.
|
13. Use of polished rice in human diet causes the following disease
(a) Beriberi
(b) Goitre
(c) Night blindness
(d) Colour blindness
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) Beriberi
- White rice is a type of processed rice which has had the husk, bran, and germ removed and been polished to create a bright, white look.
- Unfortunately, this process of refining the rice also removes important nutrients, such as Vitamin B1.
- This has caused an epidemic of the neurological disease beriberi in Asia due to nutritional deficiencies, especially because white rice became popular with traders in the 1800s.
|
14. Use of polished rice in human diet causes following disease :
(a) Rickets
(b) Anaemia
(c) Goitre
(d) Beriberi
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (d) Beriberi
- White rice has had the outside layers, like its husk and germ, taken off. It is then polished to give it a shiny white look.
- Unfortunately, the process of milling and polishing removes a lot of its vitamins, which can lead to a disease called beriberi if people rely on white rice for their diet.
- This happened in Asia in the 1800s, when white rice became more popular than brown rice, leading to a beriberi epidemic.
|
15. In countries where polished rice is the mean cereal in their diet, people suffer from –
(a) Pellagra
(b) Beriberi
(c) Scurvy
(d) Osteomalacia
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) Beriberi
- White rice has had its outer layers removed during milling, making it shiny and white.
- However, this process also removes key nutrients, leading to a deficiency of Vitamin B1 and a beriberi epidemic in Asia in the 19th century.
- This happened because traders preferred white rice to brown rice.
|
16. A man, who does not know when to stop eating, is suffering from :
(a) Bulimia
(b) Diabetes
(c) Anorexia nervosa
(d) Hyperacidity
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) Bulimia
- Bulimia, also known as bulimia nervosa, is a severe eating disorder. People with bulimia eat a lot of food, then try to get rid of the extra calories in an unhealthy way.
- They do this to control their weight and stop themselves from gaining more weight. People with bulimia have difficulty controlling how much they eat.
|
17. The ‘blue baby’ pollution disease is due to the excessive presence of which of the following in drinking water ?
(a) Fluoride
(b) Chloride
(c) Nitrate
(d) Arsenic
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2010]
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (c) Nitrate
- Blue baby syndrome is a sickness caused when too much nitrate from water or food is eaten by a baby.
- The nitrate turns into nitrite in the baby’s body which then mixes with the oxygen carrying molecule in their blood, creating methemoglobin.
- Too much of this stops the baby’s body from getting enough oxygen, causing their skin to turn blue and them to have trouble breathing or digesting. This problem is also known as methemoglobinemia.
|
18. Excess of which of the following in the blood causes the ‘Blue Baby Syndrome’ disease ?
(a) Iron
(b) Lead
(c) Methemoglobin
(d) Nitrate
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (c) Methemoglobin
- Blue baby syndrome is an illness caused by drinking water (or eating food) with a lot of nitrates.
- The nitrates are changed to nitrite in the infant’s digestive system, and then it reacts with the oxygen-carrying part of their blood, called oxyhaemoglobin, forming methemoglobin.
- This stops the blood from carrying oxygen, which can make the baby look blue and make them have trouble breathing and digesting. This illness is also known as methemoglobinemia.
|
19. ‘Blue baby syndrome’ is due to the presence of which of the following in the blood ?
(a) Haemoglobin
(b) Methemoglobin
(c) Lead
(d) Nitrate
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (b) Methemoglobin
- Blue baby syndrome is a medical condition that occurs when an infant consumes too much nitrates in their water or food.
- The nitrates get turned into nitrite in the baby’s digestive system, which then mixes with oxygen-carrying hemoglobin to create methemoglobin.
- This chemical can’t carry oxygen, so the body tissues don’t get enough oxygen and the baby becomes bluish in color and may experience breathing and digestive issues. This illness is also known as methemoglobinemia.
|
20. What is the correct sequence of the following in a heart attack ?
1. Narrowing of the inner orifice of the vessel.
2. ‘Plaque’ from fibrous tissue and high cholesterol.
3. Inadequate supply of blood and oxygen.
4. Clots of blood carried into the coronary arteries.
Code :
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4
(b) 2, 4, 1, 3
(c) 2, 3, 1, 4
(d) 4, 2, 1, 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (b) 2, 4, 1, 3
- When a heart attack occurs, the pathway inside the blood vessels gets blocked by a build-up of cholesterol and other substances and blood clots.
- This reduces the amount of oxygen and blood reaching the body, and can be caused by obesity, high blood pressure, smoking, and eating fatty or oily foods.
|
21. In medical terminology ‘Golden Hour’ is related with –
(a) Terminal stage of cancer
(b) Pregnancy is detected
(c) Heart Attack
(d) Actual Child Birth
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (c) Heart Attack
- Golden hour is the most important hour right after someone has a heart attack. If not treated correctly during this time, it could lead to death.
|
22. Beta-blocker is a medicine to save from –
(a) Heart attack
(b) Enlargement of prostate gland
(c) Chronic diabetes
(d) None of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (a) Heart attack
- Beta-blockers are medications used to treat various conditions such as high blood pressure, chest pain, irregular heartbeats, and heart attack. They are also known as beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents.
|
23. Which of the following is essential to regulate the heart beat?
(a) Sodium
(b) Sulphur
(c) Potassium
(d) Iron
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004]
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) Potassium
- Potassium helps the heart beat and move blood through the body, as well as helping muscles, nerves, and kidneys to work. Phosphorus is important for bones to grow, and not having enough iron can cause anaemia.
|
24. Which one among these is related to the deficiency of potassium ?
(a) Damage of kidney, muscle paralysis
(b) Low blood pressure
(c) Anaemia
(d) Joint pain and blurry vision
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl.) (Pre) 2003]
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (b) Low blood pressure
- Not having enough potassium in your body can lead to low blood pressure. Good sources of potassium are dairy products, grains, fruits, and veggies.
|
25. If albumin is releasing with urine then the failure of which organ may occur?
(a) Liver
(b) Kidney
(c) Heart
(d) Spleen
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (b) Kidney
- Urine is mostly made up of water (95%), along with some salt ions that are not useful (2%), urea (2.6%), creatinine (0.3%), uric acid (very small amount), and other substances that are not useful.
- An increased presence of albumin (a protein found in blood plasma) in it increases the chance of kidney failure.
|
26. Which organ of the body is affected most on keeping fast for a long time ?
(a) Heart
(b) Intestine
(c) Lung
(d) Kidney
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (d) Kidney
- If you don’t eat for a long period of time, your kidneys will be affected the most.
|
27. In the modern days, nuclear medicines play a vital role in Medical Science, they are exactly –
(a) They are drugs
(b) They are infusion of herbs
(c) They are radioisotopes
(d) They are chlorofluorocarbon
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (c) They are radioisotopes
- Today, nuclear medicine is an important part of medical science. This area uses radioactive elements and radiation to figure out how a person’s body works and to treat diseases.
|
28. Match List- I and List- II and select the correct answer using the code given below:
List I List II
(Radioisotope) (Diagnostic use)
A. Arsenic -74 1. Activity of thyroid gland
B. Cobalt – 60 2. Blood disorder
C. Iodine – 131 3. Tumour
D. Sodium -24 4. Cancer
Code :
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 4 3 1 2
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 4 3 2 1
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2003]
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002]
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (c) 3 4 1 2
The correctly matched lists are as follows :
| Arsenic-74 |
Tumour |
| Cobalt- 60 |
Cancer |
| Iodine -131 |
Activity of thyroid gland |
| Sodium – 24 |
Blood disorder |
|
29. Which one is not correctly matched ?
(a) Cobalt 60- treatment of body’s internal neoplasm
(b) Iodine 131- treatment of thyroid neoplasm
(c) Phosphorus 32- treatment of leukaemia
(d) Gold 198 – treatment of retinal disorders
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (d) Gold 198 – treatment of retinal disorders
- Gold-198 (a type of radioactive material) is used to help treat cancer. The other elements are correctly paired.
|
30. Which one of the following radio elements is used to measure the speed of the blood flow in the human body?
(a) Radio-Phosphorus
(b) Radio-Iodine
(c) Radio-Iron
(d) Radio-Sodium
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (d) Radio-Sodium
- Radio-Sodium is used to find out how fast the blood moves in the human body.
|
31. Leukaemia is a type of cancer in which there is an abnormal increase in the number of :
(a) Bone cells
(b) Platelets
(c) Red blood cells
(d) White blood cells
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) White blood cells
- Leukaemia is a type of cancer that begins in the bone marrow and causes too many abnormal white blood cells.
- Symptoms of leukaemia can include bleeding and bruising easily, feeling tired, having a fever, and being more likely to get infections.
- Doctors usually figure out if someone has leukaemia by checking their blood or doing a bone marrow biopsy.
|
32. The radioisotope used to control blood cancer (leukaemia) is :
(a) Iodine-131
(b) Sodium-24
(c) Phosphorus-32
(d) Cobalt-60
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1999]
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) & (d) Phosphorus-32 & Cobalt-60
- Phosphorus-32 and cobalt-60, both types of radioactive substances, are used to treat blood cancer (leukaemia
|
33. Which one of the following is used in the treatment of blood cancer?
(a) Iodine-131
(b) Sodium-24
(c) Phosphorus-32
(d) Cobalt-60
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (e) None of the above / More than one of the above
- Radioactive substances called phosphorus-32 and cobalt-60 are used to treat a type of blood cancer called leukaemia.
|
34. Cobalt-60 is generally used in radiation treatment because it ejects –
(a) Į rays
(b) ȕ rays
(c) Ȗ rays
(d) X-rays
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
[U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010]
Ans. (c) Ȗ rays
- Cobalt-60 is a type of cobalt that has been made in a lab. When neutrons are fired at it, gamma (γ) rays are released. This makes Cobalt-60 a useful tool in radiation therapy.
|
35. The radioisotope used in the detection of tumour is :
(a) Arsenic-74
(b) Cobalt-60
(c) Sodium-24
(d) Carbon-14
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl (Pre) 2010]
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) Arsenic-74
- Arsenic-74 can be used to find out if someone has a tumor, Sodium-24 can be used to check for blood clots, and Iodine-131 is used to examine the thyroid.
- Cobalt-60 is used to treat cancer, and Carbon-14 is used to figure out the age of organic matter.
|
36. The radio isotope used to detect tumours is :
(a) Iodine – 131
(b) Cobalt – 60
(c) Arsenic – 74
(d) Sodium – 24
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003]
Ans. (c) Arsenic – 74
- Arsenic-74 tracer is used to find tumours, Sodium-24 tracer is used to identify blood clots and Iodine-131 tracer is used to measure the functioning of the thyroid gland.
- Cobalt-60 is used to treat cancer and Carbon-14 is used to figure out the age of organic substances.
|
37. The radiations used in the treatment of muscle ache are :
(a) infrared
(b) microwave
(c) UV
(d) X-ray
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (a) infrared
- Infrared radiation is a type of therapy used to help with muscle pain. It helps the cells in the body heal and repair themselves.
- Many studies have shown that using infrared light can reduce muscle and joint pain, including stiffness and spasms.
|
38. Oncogenes are associated with –
(a) tuberculosis
(b) hepatitis
(c) cancer
(d) typhoid
[56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) cancer
- An oncogene is a gene that causes cells to become cancerous. The first one was discovered in 1970 and was called sarcom (SRC). It was found in a virus that causes cancer in chickens called therous sarcoma virus.
|
39. Which situation of the body is known as cancer?
(a) End of making new cells which gradually occurs death.
(b) A collection of toxic chemicals in the body and finally death.
(c) Uncontrolled multiplication of cells by which death of sound cells and finally death.
(d) Stop working of mind due to the wound in body and finally death.
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (c) Uncontrolled multiplication of cells by which death of sound cells and finally death.
- Cancer is caused by cells multiplying out of control and taking up too many nutrients, leaving other normal cells without enough. Eventually, the normal cells get weaker and weaker until they die.
|
40. ‘Metastasis’ is the process by which :
(a) Cells divide rapidly under the influence of drugs
(b) Cancer cells spread through the blood or lymphatic system to other sites or organs
(c) The chromosomes in cells nuclei are attached to the spindle before moving to the anaphase poles
(d) Cancer cells are successfully inhibited to divide any further
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (b) Cancer cells spread through the blood or lymphatic system to other sites or organs
- Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body, a process called metastasis. This typically involves cancer cells invading and moving through nearby lymph vessels or blood vessels, then traveling through the lymphatic system and bloodstream to other areas.
- The cells stop moving in small blood vessels, break through the walls, and start multiplying.
- They also stimulate the growth of new blood vessels to get the oxygen and nutrients they need to keep growing.
- For cancers that already exist in lymph vessels, lymph nodes, or blood vessels, not all of these steps are needed.
|
41. Which of the following can cause cancer as well as cure it depending upon its intensity and use?
(a) Tobacco
(b) Alcohol
(c) Ionized radiation
(d) Ultraviolet rays
[56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) Ionized radiation
- Ionized radiation can both cause and cure cancer, depending on how strong it is and how it is used. Photon radiation and particle radiation are forms of ionized radiation that are used to treat cancer.
|
42. Which one of the following human organs is less susceptible to harmful radiations ?
(a) Eyes
(b) Heart
(c) Brain
(d) Lungs
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (c) Brain
- Radiation has the biggest impact on eyes and the least impact on the brain.
|
43. Which one of the following human organs is most susceptible to harmful radiations?
(a) Eyes
(b) Heart
(c) Brain
(d) Lungs
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (a) Eyes
- The effects of radiation are felt more in the eyes than in the brain.
|
44. Which among the following is the most recent therapy of all types of cancers?
(a) 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3D CRT)
(b) Immunotherapy
(c) Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT)
(d) Molecularly targeted therapy
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (c) Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT)
- IMRT is a big breakthrough in cancer treatments.
- It allows doctors to make sure the radiation dose is exactly right for the area affected by the tumor.
- It can be used to treat almost any type of solid tumor.
|
45. Interferon is used for the control of
(a) Cancer
(b) Diabetes
(c) T.B.
(d) Typhoid
[U.P.P.S.C.(GIC) 2010]
Ans. (a) Cancer
- Interferons (IFNs) are proteins made and released by host cells when a disease-causing agent like a virus, bacteria, parasite, or tumour is present. IFNs alpha 2 is used to treat blood cancer and kidney disease.
|
46. ‘Cerebral palsy’ is a brain disorder found generally in :
(a) Old people
(b) Drug addicts
(c) Small children
(d) Only ladies
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (c) Small children
- Cerebral palsy is a set of neurological disorders that affect body movement and coordination from infancy or early childhood.
- It is not caused by muscles or nerves, but by damage to certain parts of the brain responsible for muscle movement.
- Most children with cerebral palsy are born with it, although it might not be known until later on.
|
47. Which organ of the human body is affected by the Alzheimer’s disease?
(a) The ear
(b) The brain
(c) The eye
(d) The stomach
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2003]
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (b) The brain
- Alzheimer’s disease causes nerve cells to die and for tissue in the brain to be lost. With time, the brain gets much smaller, which affects the way it works.
|
48. Recently scientists discovered protein which is responsible for hazardous neural disease Alzheimer’s. Which of the following is that protein?
(a) Amyloid monoprotein
(b) Amyloid multiprotein
(c) Amlyloid precursor protein
(d) Amyloid leptic protein
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) Amlyloid precursor protein
- The protein which is responsible for the severe neural Alzheimer’s disease is β-amyloid precursor protein.
|
49. The Nobel Prize for developing treatment of Parkinson’s disease was given to
(a) Arvid Carlsson
(b) John F. Enders
(c) Robert B. Laughlin
(d) Walter Kohn
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (a) John F. Enders
- Arvid Carlsson (1923 – 1918) was a Swedish scientist who studied the brain. His findings led to the creation of medicines to treat Parkinson’s disease.
- He was most famous for his research on dopamine and how it affects Parkinson’s disease, which earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000 with Eric Kandel and Paul Greengard.
|
50. Scratching eases itching because –
(a) It removes the outer dust in the skin
(b) It kills the germs
(c) It stimulates certain nerves which direct the brain to increase the production of antihistaminic chemicals
(d) It suppresses the production of enzymes which cause itching
[I.A.S. (Pre)1993]
Ans. (c) It stimulates certain nerves which direct the brain to increase the production of antihistaminic chemicals
- Scratching can help reduce itching because it stimulates special nerves that tell the brain to make more antihistamines.
- Antihistamines stop histamine, a chemical released in allergies, from entering the H1 receptor sites which cause reactions like sneezing and itching.
|
51. Anosmia is –
(a) Loss of the sense of taste
(b) Loss of the sense of smell
(c) Loss of the sense of touch
(d) Loss of the sense of heat
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (b) Loss of the sense of smell
- Anosmia is not being able to smell. It can happen if you have a cold, an allergy, a sinus infection, or if the air quality is bad.
|
52. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists :
List-I (Disease) List-II (Causes)
A. Khaira 1. Vitamin C deficiency
B. Anaemia 2. Iodine deficiency
C. Goitre 3. Iron deficiency
D. Scurvy 4. Zinc deficiency
Code :
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 1 4 3
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 4 3 2 1
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]
Ans. (d) 4 3 2 1
The correctly matched lists are as follows :
| Khaira |
Zinc deficiency |
| Anaemia |
Iron deficiency |
| Goitre |
Iodine deficiency |
| Scurvy |
Vitamin C deficiency |
|
53. Which one of the following is not correctly matched? Pollutants Disease caused
(a) Mercury – Minamata disease
(b) Cadmium – Itai-Itai disease
(c) Nitrate ion – Blue baby syndrome
(d) Fluoride ion – Indigestion
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (d) Fluoride ion – Indigestion
| The answer to the question above is wrong in choice (d). Fluorosis, a dental disease, is caused by too much fluoride. This affects the enamel of the tooth, causing it to become discolored and yellow. |
|
54. Minamata disease was caused by toxic quantities of the following metal :
(a) Boron
(b) Nickel
(c) Arsenic
(d) Mercury
[U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014]
Ans. (d) Mercury
- In 1956, a type of poisoning called Minamata disease was found in Minamata City, Japan.
- The cause of the disease was a poisonous chemical called methyl mercury, which was released from a chemical factory owned by the Chisso Corporation from 1932 to 1968.
- The chemical built up in the fish and shellfish in Minamata Bay and the Shiranui Sea, and when people ate them, they got sick from the mercury poisoning.
|
55. Minamata disease is caused due to :
(a) Arsenic poisoning
(b) Lead poisoning
(c) Mercury poisoning
(d) Cadmium poisoning
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (c) Mercury poisoning
- In 1956, a sickness called Minamata disease was discovered in Minamata city in Japan. It was caused by the Chisso Corporation’s chemical factory releasing a highly poisonous chemical, methyl mercury, into the surrounding water from 1932 to 1968.
- This chemical built up in the fish and shellfish in Minamata Bay and the Shiranui Sea, which people in the area ate, leading to mercury poisoning.
|
56. The Minamata disease of Japan in 1953 was caused by eating fish contaminated by
(a) Nickel
(b) Lead
(c) Mercury
(d) Cadmium
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004]
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Mercury
- In 1956, Minamata disease was first found in the Japanese city of Minamata in Kumamoto prefecture.
- This was caused by the Chisso Corporation’s chemical factory releasing methyl mercury into the wastewater from 1932 to 1968.
- The toxin was absorbed by shellfish and fish in Minamata Bay and the Shiranui Sea. When the local people ate these creatures, they became poisoned by mercury.
|
57. Itai-Itai disease is caused by chronic poisoning of –
(a) Mercury
(b) Nickel
(c) Cadmium
(d) Lead
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (c) Cadmium
- Itai-Itai disease is caused by too much cadmium in the body over a long period of time.
- The first case of many people getting sick from cadmium happened in 1950 in Japan.
- However, the first time this type of illness was reported in the world was back in 1912.
|
58. Which disease is caused by allergy ?
(a) Diabetes
(b) Cholera
(c) Ringworm
(d) Asthma
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (d) Asthma
- Allergies are when your body has an unusual reaction to a substance that most people usually don’t have a problem with. These substances can include pollen, dust mites, mold, medicine, etc.
- Symptoms can range from a runny nose, sneezing, itching, rashes, swelling, or asthma. In some cases, the reaction can be very severe and even life threatening. Doctors can use skin or blood tests to identify allergies.
|
59. If a person only takes milk, egg and bread in diet, so he may suffer from the disease :
(a) Scurvy
(b) Rickets
(c) Night blindness
(d) Marasmus
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (a) Scurvy
- If someone only eats milk, eggs, and bread, they will not get enough vitamin C and they will get scurvy. Scurvy makes gums spongy and bleed, teeth loosen and fall out, and can cause bleeding under the skin.
|
60. Which one of the following is useful in the treatment of scurvy disease?
(a) Mango
(b) Papaya
(c) Gooseberry
(d) Ber
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (c) Gooseberry
- Scurvy is an uncommon illness that can happen if someone doesn’t eat enough vitamin C. To keep it away, you should eat a good diet with lots of fruit and veggies.
- Foods that are high in vitamin C will stop scurvy. Indian gooseberry is the best source of vitamin C, and it can help treat scurvy.
|
61. The Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO) has developed a drug named, ‘Lukoskin’. It is being used in the treatment of……… .
(a) Leucoderma
(b) Leukorrhea
(c) Leukaemia
(d) Lung Cancer
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) Leucoderma
- Lukoskin, an herbal product created by the Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO) is going to be a big help to people suffering from Leucoderma. It will be available as a cream and a liquid that can be taken orally.
|
62. Which of the following polyherbal product has NOT been developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) :
(a) Amtooth
(b) Lukoskin
(c) Nocdurna
(d) Eczit
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (c) Nocdurna
- DRDO has developed three products: Amtooth for toothache due to inflammation, Lukoskin for leukoderma, and Eczit for eczema.
- Nocdurna, however, is a medicine only for adults who wake up to urinate at night, and it hasn’t been developed by DRDO.
|
63. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below :
List-I List-II
A. Malaria 1. Bone marrow
B. Filaria 2. Brain
C. Encephalitis 3. Muscle
D. Leukaemia 4. Lymph node
5. Blood cells
Code :
A B C D
(a) 5 3 2 1
(b) 5 4 2 1
(c) 4 3 5 1
(d) 5 4 1 2
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010]
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (b) 5 4 2 1
The diseases and affected parts/organs :
| Malaria |
Blood cells |
| Filaria |
Lymph node |
| Encephalitis |
Brain |
| Leukaemia |
Bone marrow |
|
64. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists :
List-I List-II
(Disease) (Cause)
A. Marasmus 1. Prolonged Starvation
B. Kwashiorkor 2. Protein Deficiency
C. T.B. 3. Bacterial Infection
D. Hepatitis B 4. Viral Infection
Code :
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 1 3 4
(c) 4 2 3 1
(d) 2 4 1 3
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) 1 2 3 4
- If you starve for a long time, it can lead to marasmus. Kwashiorkor is a condition caused by not getting enough protein in your diet.
- Tuberculosis and Hepatitis B are both caused by bacteria and viruses respectively.
|
65. The disease caused by deficiency of protein in children is–
(a) Marasmus
(b) Pellagra
(c) Beri-beri
(d) Rickets
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) Marasmus
- The liver stores up glycogen, which is like energy, to provide the body with glucose. After each meal, this storage is refilled.
- If meals are skipped, the body will start using fat and protein for energy instead.
- This is known as starvation. When people don’t eat for a long time, it can cause Marasmus, which is when children lose weight and energy, their eyes look sunken in, and their skin looks wrinkled.
|
66. Which one of the following pairs matches one another?
(a) Cataract –Thyroid gland
(b) Jaundice – Liver
(c) Typhoid – Lungs
(d) Pneumonia – Eyes
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (b) Jaundice – Liver
The diseases and affected parts/organs :
| Cataract |
Eye |
| Jaundice |
Liver |
| Typhoid |
Intestine |
| Pneumonia |
Lungs |
|
67. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(a) Pneumonia – Lungs
(b) Cataract – Thyroid gland
(c) Jaundice – Eye
(d) Diabetes – Liver
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (a) Pneumonia – Lungs
The correctly matched pairs are :
| Pneumonia |
Lungs |
| Cataract |
Eye |
| Jaundice |
Liver |
| Diabetes |
Metabolism |
|
68. Astigmatism is a disease of the
(a) Ears
(b) Eyes
(c) Nose
(d) Throat
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (b) Eyes
- Astigmatism is a common eye problem which affects vision. It happens when the cornea or lens in the eye is not curved properly.
- People who wear glasses usually have some degree of astigmatism. This condition is part of a group of similar eye issues called refractive errors. Other common refractive errors include nearsightedness and farsightedness.
|
69. Myopia is the disorder of which organ?
(a) Heart
(b) Ear
(c) Eye
(d) Kidney
[M.P. P.C.S (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) Eye
- Near-sightedness (or short-sightedness/myopia) is an eye condition where the light doesn’t focus on the retina correctly, making distant objects blurry. Other symptoms could be headaches and eye strain.
|
70. Myopia or short sightedness is corrected by :
(a) Use of convex lens
(b) Use of concave lens
(c) Use of plain concave lens
(d) Use of plain convex lens
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (b) Use of concave lens
- Myopia is a vision problem that means you can see things close up better than things far away. To fix it, a concave lens is used to help the eye bend light properly so that everything can be seen clearly.
- With myopia, near objects look normal, but far away things look blurry. This happens because the eye has too much power to bring the image of a far away object in front of the retina.
|
71. A person with vision defect ‘Myopia ‘can see –
(a) Nearby objects clearly
(b) Distant objects clearly
(c) Nearby as well as distant objects clearly
(d) Neither nearby nor distant objects clearly
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015]
Ans. (a) Nearby objects clearly
- Myopia is a vision problem where things that are close can be seen clearly, but things far away look blurry. It can be helped by wearing glasses with special lenses.
|
72. The person is suffering from far-sightedness face difficulties in-
(a) To see distant object clearly
(b) To see close object clearly
(c) To see both close and distant object clearly
(d) None of these
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (b) To see close object clearly
- Hypermetropia, also known as far-sightedness or long-sightedness, is a vision problem in which nearby things appear blurry because the eyeball is too short or the lens is flattened.
- It is fixed with glasses that have convex or converging lenses.
|
73. In which part of eye ‘blind spot’ and ‘yellow spot’ are found?
(a) Cornea
(b) Lens
(c) Iris
(d) Retina
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (d) Retina
- The retina in the eye has two spots: a blind spot and a yellow spot.
- The blind spot, also called the optic disc, is the area where the optic nerve and blood vessels enter and leave the eyeball.
- Next to and above the blind spot is the yellow area, also known as the macula lutea.
- This area has a depression in the center which is 1.5 mm wide and does not contain any blood vessels or nerve fibers.
- This area is called the yellow spot or fovea centralis and is where you get your sharpest vision.
|
74. The retina is outgrowth of the –
(a) Pons varoli
(b) Mesencephalon
(c) Diencephalon
(d) Telencephalon
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2013]
Ans. (c) Diencephalon
- The retina forms as an extension of the brain (diencephalon). The top part of the protrusion stays thin and is referred to as the optic stalk.
- This later turns into the optic nerve. The lower part of the protrusion forms a round, hollow structure called the optic vesicle.
- The developing lens then pushes in on the vesicle, turning it into a two-layered optic cup.
|
75. If the lens in eye becomes opaque, the disease is called
(a) Myopia
(b) Astigmatism
(c) Glaucoma
(d) Cataract
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (d) Cataract
- As people age (60 and up), their eye lenses become cloudy which makes it harder to see. Cataract is a type of cloudiness in the lens of the eye and can be in the center (nuclear) or the outside (cortical).
- Cataracts can be treated by removing the cloudy lens and wearing glasses, replacing the lens with a fake one, or using laser treatment
|
76. Which part of human eye is affected by cataract?
(a) Iris
(b) Retina
(c) Cornea
(d) None of the Above
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (d) None of the Above
- As people get older (60 and older), their eyesight may become more blurry due to cataracts.
- Cataracts are a kind of cloudiness in the lens of the eye and can occur in the middle (nuclear) or the outer part (cortical).
- This condition can be treated by taking out the cloudy lens, wearing glasses, putting in a fake lens, or using laser therapy.
|
77. Match List-I (Drugs/Chemicals) with List-II (Their uses) and select the correct answer using the codes given below :
List-I List-II
A. Atropine 1. Local anaesthesia
B. Ether 2. Heart trouble
C. Nitroglycerine 3. Dilation of pupil
D. Pyrethrin 4. Mosquito control
Code :
A B C D
(a) 1 3 2 4
(b) 1 3 4 2
(c) 3 1 4 2
(d) 3 1 2 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (d) 3 1 2 4
- Atropine is used to stop the eye muscles from moving and make the pupils bigger. Ether is a type of medicine that helps numb an area of the body.
- Nitroglycerine is a drug that helps open up blood vessels and is used to treat heart conditions. Pyrethrins are substances from the Chrysanthemum flower that are used to kill bugs.
|
78. The pupils of human eye are dilated with a very dilute solution of an alkaloid which is
(a) Ephedrine
(b) Equanil
(c) Atropine
(d) Adrenaline
[U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014]
Ans. (c) Atropine
- Atropine is found naturally in certain plants and is taken from them. It is used in eye tests to make the pupil larger.
|
79. Sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder, in which people
(a) Walk during sleep without knowing what he or she is doing.
(b) Sleep with eyelids half open.
(c) Briefly and repeatedly stop breathing during sleep.
(d) Make loud snoring sound while a sleep.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (c) Briefly and repeatedly stop breathing during sleep
- Sleep apnea is a type of sleeping problem where your breathing stops or becomes shallow and infrequent during sleep.
|
80. Biological resurfacing is a recent surgical technique used to treat problems of
(a) Knee joints
(b) Ankle joints
(c) Hip joints
(d) Vertebral joints
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (a) Knee joints
- Biological resurfacing of the knee is a surgical option for young people with damaged cartilage. Cells from the patient’s knee joint are collected, copied in a lab, then put back in the joint. It can also be used on the hip, ankle, and spine. Initially, option (a) was marked as the correct answer, but it was later taken out.
|
81. Deficiency of Iron causes –
(a) Filaria
(b) Malaria
(c) Anaemia
(d) Fluorosis
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1993]
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (c) Anaemia
- Anaemia is a health problem where your body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Our body needs around 12 milligrams of iron each day.
- Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body’s tissues. There are different kinds of anaemia, one of them being iron deficiency anaemia where your body does not have enough iron.
- Iron is a very important part of red blood cells as it helps to make them and it is the main component of haemoglobin and cytochrome enzymes.
|
82. The disease caused due to deficiency of iron is known as–
(a) Colour-blindness
(b) Night-blindness
(c) Anaemia
(d) Tuberculosis
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015]
Ans. (c) Anaemia
- Anaemia is when the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Our body needs about 12 milligram of iron every day. Red blood cells bring oxygen to our body tissues.
- There are various types of anaemia, including iron deficiency anaemia, which is when there isn’t enough iron in the body.
- Iron is an important part of red blood cells as it helps make haemoglobin and cytochrome enzyme.
|
83. Which of the following disease is caused by the excessive use of alcoholic beverage ?
(a) Appendicitis
(b) Viral hepatitis
(c) Gall stones
(d) Liver cirrhosis
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (d) Liver cirrhosis
- Liver cirrhosis is a very serious illness in which healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue (fibrosis). It is mainly caused by drinking too much alcohol.
- It usually progresses slowly and does not cause any symptoms in the beginning. However, as the liver’s function gets worse, more serious problems can occur.
|
84. Oral submucous fibrosis is a disease caused by –
(a) Drinking Liquor
(b) Smoking Tobacco
(c) Consuming Gutka of Tobacco
(d) Consuming Red Meat
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (c) Consuming Gutka of Tobacco
- Oral submucous fibrosis is an ongoing, serious illness which affects the mouth and causes the tissue underneath the lining to become inflamed and slowly stiffen.
- This condition is mostly caused by chewing betel quid or areca nuts and gutka, which is a processed version of betel quid.
|
85. Jaundice affects the –
(a) Pancreas
(b) Stomach
(c) Liver
(d) Intestine
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (c) Liver
- Jaundice is a yellow discoloration of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes due to high levels of bilirubin in the blood.
- This can be caused by problems with the liver, such as hepatitis or cancer, diseases like leptospirosis, or blockages in the bile ducts, like gallstones or pancreatic cancer.
|
86. Which disease is not so contagious ?
(a) Measles
(b) Cholera
(c) T.B.
(d) Jaundice
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (d) Jaundice
- Jaundice is not contagious like the other three diseases. People with jaundice have yellowish skin and eyes, yellow-greenish urine, and brownish waste.
|
87. Rickets disease in poultry bird is caused due to the deficiency of which vitamin?
(a) Vitamin D
(b) Vitamin A
(c) Vitamin B
(d) Vitamin E
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (a) Vitamin D
- Rickets is a condition in young animals, especially humans and chickens, where the bones do not grow properly because of a lack of vitamin D, phosphorus, or calcium.
- This can result in fractures and misshapen bones.
|
88. The factor of madcow disease is –
(a) Bacteria
(b) Virus
(c) Fungus
(d) Prions
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (d) Prions
- Madcow is a dangerous disease related to the brain of cattle. Distorted protein ‘prion’ in their brain is the factor of it.
|
89. Bright’s disease affects human body in the part –
(a) kidney
(b) spleen
(c) heart
(d) liver
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (a) kidney
- Bright’s Disease is a problem with the kidneys. It causes the blood vessels in the kidneys to become swollen and albumin to be released in the urine. It is also called nephritis and can be either short-term or long-term.
|
90. Pneumoconiosis affects the workers who work mainly in :
(a) Tanneries
(b) Coal mining industry
(c) Distilleries
(d) Glass Industry
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (b) Coal mining industry
- Pneumoconiosis is a lung disease that workers can get when they breathe in dust, usually found in mines. People with this condition have trouble breathing.
|
91. The blood glucose level is commonly expressed as :
(a) mm of Hg
(b) Milligram per decilitre
(c) Parts per million
(d) Gram per litre
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2000]
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (b) Milligram per decilitre
- Blood sugar or glucose is usually measured in milligrams per deciliter or mmol/L. A typical blood sugar level in humans is around 4 mmol/L (72 milligrams per deciliter).
- When the body is functioning properly, it keeps the blood sugar level between 4.4 and 6.1 mmol/L (82 to 110 milligrams per deciliter).
- After eating, the blood sugar level may temporarily increase up to 7.8 mmol/L
|
92. Ramu injects an injection in an excess amount. In result, he suffers from spasm, apoplexy and faintness and dies later. The reason is –
(a) Unusual glucose concentration in blood
(b) Highly glucose concentration in blood
(c) Lack of glycogen in blood
(d) Lack of calcium ion in blood
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1994-95]
Ans. (a) Unusual glucose concentration in blood
| Muscle spasms, strokes, and passing out can happen when there is too much or too little sugar in the blood. Insulin helps to keep the amount of sugar in the blood balanced |
[/showhide]
93. Which one of the following diseases can not be controlled by vaccination?
(a) Diabetes
(b) Polio
(c) Whooping Cough
(d) Small-pox
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]
Ans. (a) Diabetes
- Polio, whooping cough, and smallpox can be prevented with a vaccine, but there is no vaccine for diabetes.
- Diabetes is a pancreas-related illness that occurs when there is not enough insulin in the blood.
|
[/showhide]
94. Diabetes is caused due to malfunctioning of :
(a) Pancreas
(b) Liver
(c) Kidney
(d) Gallbladder
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (a) Pancreas
- Diabetes occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or cannot use it properly. Insulin is produced by the pancreas, which is a gland located near the stomach.
|
[/showhide]
95. Lack of which substance causes diabetes in a person?
(a) Glycine
(b) Haemoglobin
(c) Histamine
(d) Insulin
[44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (d) Insulin
- Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps our body use sugar from the food we eat for energy and to store extra sugar for later.
- It also helps maintain a balanced blood sugar level, not too high or too low. Without it, diabetes can occur and people with diabetes tend to urinate more often.
|
[/showhide]
96. Which of the following are associated with diabetes mellitus, a common disease in adults ?
1. Higher sugar level in blood
2. Lower sugar level in blood
3. Lower insulin level in blood
4. Higher insulin level in blood
Code :
(a) 2 and 4
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (d) 1 and 3
- When the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, the sugar level in the blood goes up.
- This can lead to diabetes, which is more common in adult males.
|
[/showhide]
97. Measurement of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the blood is useful for the management of :
(a) Anaemia
(b) Hemophilia
(c) Diabetes mellitus
(d) High blood pressure
[U.P. B.E.O. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (c) Diabetes mellitus
- A Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test looks at a person’s average blood glucose levels over the last 8 to 12 weeks. This test is used to help manage diabetes mellitus.
|
98. Assertion (A) : The person with diabetes insipidus feels thirsty.
Reason (R) : A person with diabetes insipidus suffers from excess secretion of vasopressin.
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
- Diabetes insipidus is a rare condition where people pee a lot and feel really thirsty.
- It is caused by the body not making enough of a hormone called antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin, which controls how much urine is in the body.
- With diabetes insipidus, the body can’t make enough ADH, so too much water is passed out of the body.
|
99. Assertion (A) : Drinking of whiskey increases the
frequency of urination.
Reason (R) : Alcohol intake speeds up the secretion
of vasopressin in the body.
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
- Drinking whiskey causes you to urinate more often because it works like a diuretic, which means it makes your body produce more urine.
- Alcohol also stops the pituitary gland from releasing a hormone called vasopressin (ADH) which usually prevents too much urine from being produced.
- This makes your kidneys not able to absorb as much liquid as normal, thus making you need to pee a lot more.
|
100. Which one of the following seeds can benefit a patient of diabetes mellitus by normalizing his blood sugar level?
(a) Coriander seeds
(b) Mustard seeds
(c) Cumin seeds
(d) Fenugreek seeds
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (d) Fenugreek seeds
- Fenugreek seeds help decrease blood sugar levels in people with diabetes by aiding in the slow absorption of sugar in the stomach and stimulating insulin.
- These seeds also help maintain cholesterol and triglyceraldehyde levels in the body.
- They may also be beneficial in treating breast and colon cancer as they aid digestion.
|
101. Curry leaf tree, native of India has the potential of a multi-billion dollar production for the pharmaceutical companies as revealed by British researchers, a cure for which disease is claimed for the curry leaf ?
(a) Blood pressure
(b) Malaria
(c) Diabetes
(d) T.B.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (c) Diabetes
- Diabetes occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or cannot use it properly. Insulin is produced by the pancreas, which is a gland located near the stomach.
|
102. The hormone insulin which is used in treating diabetes was discovered by –
(a) F.G. Banting
(b) Schleiden & Schwann
(c) Brown
(d) Hooke
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (a) F.G. Banting
- In 1923, two Canadian scientists, Banting and Best, created a form of insulin hormone with the help of Macleod.
- This research earned Banting and Macleod the Nobel Prize in 1923. Insulin is connected to controlling the sugar levels in the blood.
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103. A commonest side effect of Cu-T :
(a) Bleeding
(b) Pain
(c) Perforation
(d) Pelvic inflammatory disease
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (a) Bleeding
- Copper-T is an effective contraceptive and is one of the most immensely used methods of birth control worldwide.
- Although this method is very effective and widely used, it comes with some side effects also. Many women experience more bleeding during the menstrual cycle after the insertion of copper-T.
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104. Emphysema is a disease caused by environmental pollution in which the aff ected organ of the body is
(a) Liver
(b) Kidney
(c) Lungs
(d) Brain
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Lungs
- Emphysema is one of the several diseases known collectively as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by which lungs of human gets affected.
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105. Which statement about aspirin is not true?
(a) It is a neurologically active drug.
(b) Aspirin belongs to narcotic analgesics.
(c) It is ef ective in relieving pain.
(d) It has anti blood clotting action.
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) Aspirin belongs to narcotic analgesics.
- Aspirin is a medicine that works on the nervous system to reduce pain, fever, and inflammation.
- It is also used regularly in small amounts to prevent heart attacks, strokes, and blood clots.
- Aspirin is a type of non-addictive pain reliever.
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106. In coronary artery bypass surgery, the blood vessel to be used as graft has to be –
(a) Vein from the leg
(b) Artery from the forearm
(c) Artery from mammary region of chest
(d) Any of these
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (d) Any of these
- In Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), the arteries that bring blood and oxygen to the heart become hard and narrowed. Coronary artery bypass surgery makes a new route for blood to flow to the heart.
- The doctor takes a healthy piece of vein from the leg or artery from the chest or wrist. They attach it to the coronary artery above and below the blocked area. This lets the blood move around the blockage.
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107. In which of the following departments of a hospital will ‘Cath lab’ be found ?
(a) Pathology
(b) Surgery
(c) Cardiology
(d) Nuclear Medicine
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (c) Cardiology
- A cath lab is a clinic with special machines used to look at the arteries and chambers of the heart. Treatments for heart problems are done here.
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108. The nutritional deficiency condition that needs to be given top priority for remedial action in India today is :
(a) Scurvy
(b) Rickets
(c) Xerophthalmia
(d) Pellagra
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (c) Xerophthalmia
- Xerophthalmia is caused by severe vitamin A deficiency, is described by pathological dryness of conjunctiva and cornea.
- Cells of cornea get dried keratinized and vision power affected. That’s why remedial action for Xeropthalmia should be prioritized.
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109. Lathyrism is caused by excessive consumption of :
(a) Khesari dal
(b) Mustard oil
(c) Polished rice
(d) Mushrooms
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (a) Khesari dal
- Excessive usage of khesari dal (Lathyrus sativus) as food supplement cause lathyrism in the organism.
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110. Blank capsules used in dispensing are made of :
(a) Egg-white
(b) Gum
(c) Starch
(d) Gelatine
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2001]
Ans. (c) & (d) Starch & Gelatine
- The capsules used for giving medicine are mostly made from gelatin, which melts quickly in the stomach, so the medicine goes into the body without any problems.
- Some capsules are made of starch too, which have been found to be a great alternative to hard gelatin capsules.
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