1. Which organelle in the cell, other than the nucleus, contains DNA?
(a) Centriole
(b) Golgi apparatus
(c) Lysosome
(d) Mitochondrion
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (d) Mitochondrion
- DNA can be found not only in the nucleus of cells but also in the mitochondria and chloroplast.
- This genetic material carries traits from parents to their offspring, just like a horoscope.
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2. Which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) Prions are the smallest free-living cells.
(b) The cell wall of Mycoplasmas is made up of amino sugars.
(c) Viroids consist of single-stranded RNA molecules
(d) Rickettsias lack cell wall
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (c) Viroids consist of single-stranded RNA molecules
- Prions are the tiniest infectious particles made of proteins. Mycoplasma bacteria don’t have a wall around their cell membrane.
- Viroids are the most minuscule known pathogens made of short strands of single-stranded RNA without protein coats and usually affect plants.
- Rickettsia are bacteria that don’t move, have a cell wall, and don’t form spores. Some of them are very damaging to crops.
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3. Which of the following statements are correct regarding the general difference between plant and animal cells?
1. Plant cells have cellulose cell walls whilst animal cells do not.
2. Plant cells do not have plasma membranes, unlike animal cells which do.
3. Mature plant cell has one large vacuole whilst animal cell has many small vacuoles.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (c) 1 and 3 only
- Plant cells have a cell wall which is made of cellulose.
- It gives the cell support, and protection and works as a filter.
- Animal cells don’t have cell walls.
- All cells, both plant and animal, have a plasma membrane which acts as a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell.
- Vacuoles are bubbles filled with water and molecules inside cells, and most mature plants have one big vacuole while animal cells have lots of small ones.
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4. How does the plant cell differ from the animal cell?
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Cell wall
(c) Presence of protoplasm
(d) Cell nucleus
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (b) Cell wall
- Plant cells and animal cells are different mainly because plant cells have a cell wall.
- This cell wall is made of cellulose and is not found in animal cells.
- Plant cells also have green plastids, which is something that animal cells don’t have.
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5. What is not found in the animal cell?
(a) Cell wall of cellulose
(b) Nucleus
(c) Mitochondria
(d) None of these
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) Cell wall of cellulose
- Plant cells and animal cells are mainly different because of the cell wall.
- Plant cells have an outer shell, made of cellulose, that animal cells don’t have.
- Also, green plastids are present in plant cells, but not in animal cells.
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6. Which part of the animal cell is called a powerhouse?
(a) Cell wall
(b) Nucleus
(c) Mitochondria
(d) Entire cell
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) Mitochondria
- The nucleus of both animal and plant cells holds the cell’s genetic material and controls what it does.
- Mitochondria are small organelles found in most cells and are sometimes called the “powerhouse of the cell” because they produce energy.
- The energy production process starts in the cytoplasm and then continues in the mitochondria.
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7. Which of the following organelles is called the ‘Power House’ of the cell?
(a) Ribosome
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Cell membrane
(d) Centrosome
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (b) Mitochondria
- Animal and plant cells have cell membranes, cytoplasm, and a nucleus. The nucleus holds the cell’s DNA and controls what the cell does.
- Mitochondria are tiny structures found in most cells and are sometimes called the powerhouses of the cell because they produce energy.
- Energy is made by the cells in the cytoplasm and then in the mitochondria.
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8. The powerhouse of the cell is
(a) cell wall
(b) Mitochondria
(c) ribosome
(d) nucleus
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[64th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b) Mitochondria
- Both animal and plant cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
- The nucleus is important as it holds the DNA and helps control the cell’s activities.
- Mitochondria are small organelles that are found in most cells and they produce energy.
- The process of cellular respiration begins in the cytoplasm and then moves to the mitochondria.
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9. Plasma membrane is built up of
(a) Protein
(b) Lipid
(c) Carbohydrate
(d) Both (a) and (b)
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (d) Both (a) and (b)
- The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, is a barrier between the inside of a cell and the outside environment.
- It is made of two layers of phospholipids with proteins inside them.
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10. Which of the following cell organelles play the most significant role in protein synthesis?
(a) Lysosome and Centrosome
(b) Endoplasmic reticulum and Ribosome
(c) Golgi apparatus and Mitochondria
(d) Lysosome and Mitochondria
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (b) Endoplasmic reticulum and Ribosome
- The rough endoplasmic reticulum is so named because it has a lot of ribosomes on its outside.
- These ribosomes are responsible for making proteins.
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11. The cellular and molecular control of programmed cell death is known as :
(a) Apoptosis
(b) Ageing
(c) Degeneration
(d) Necrosis
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (a) Apoptosis
- Apoptosis is the process of cells dying in a planned way.
- It is important for keeping the body healthy by getting rid of cells that are not needed or are not good for the body.
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12. One term that generates the maximum number of ATP atoms in our system?
(a) Decomposition of glucose
(b) Kreb’s cycle
(c) Last respiratory series
(d) Water decomposition
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) Kreb’s cycle
- Kreb’s cycle is a set of chemical reactions that take place in living cells to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids using oxygen, producing carbon dioxide, reducing oxygen, and forming ATP.
- This cycle produces the most ATP (energy) in the cell and was discovered by Hans Kreb in 1937, occurring in the matrix of the mitochondrion.
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