1. Out of the following which is not an alloy?
(a) Steel
(b) Brass
(c) Bronze
(d) Copper
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (d) Copper
- Copper is a pure metal, but steel, brass, and bronze are made up of a combination of different metals.
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2. Statement (A): Galvanized iron does not rust. Statement (R): Zinc has the efficiency of oxidation.
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the right clarification of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the right classification of (A).
(c) (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong.
(d) (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct.
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the right clarification of (A).
- Galvanization is a process that puts a protective layer of zinc on steel or iron to stop them from rusting or becoming oxidized.
- The zinc acts as a barrier against oxygen and the metal underneath.
- The zinc will quickly oxidize, which prevents the iron from rusting until the zinc is used up or the coating wears away.
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3. Galvanized iron pipes have a coating of :
(a) Zinc
(b) Mercury
(c) Lead
(d) Chromium
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (a) Zinc
- Galvanization is a process that adds a layer of zinc to steel or iron to protect it from becoming rusty or oxidized.
- The zinc acts as a barrier between the metal and the oxygen in the air, so the iron or steel won’t rust until the zinc wears away or runs out of electrons.
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4. The plates of galvanized iron remain protected from rust because of the existence of –
(a) Lead
(b) Chromium
(c) Zinc
(d) Bung
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (c) Zinc
- If the zinc coating is damaged, the iron object underneath will still be protected from rust since zinc is more reactive than iron and when it breaks down, the zinc will get oxidized instead, protecting the iron.
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5. Galvanized iron is coated with –
(a) Aluminium
(b) Galena
(c) Silver
(d) Zinc
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (d) Zinc
- Galvanizing is a process that involves coating Iron or Steel with a thin layer of Zinc (Zn) to prevent them from rusting.
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6. Which one of the following is essential in the corrosion of iron metal?
(a) Oxygen only
(b) Oxygen and moisture
(c) Hydrogen only
(d) Hydrogen and moisture
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2016]
Ans. (b) Oxygen and moisture
- Iron corrosion happens when oxygen and water mix together.
- This causes a chemical process where iron is changed into iron (II) hydroxide, then hydrated iron (III) oxide, which we know as rust.
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7. Which metal is generally used for coating brass utensils to prevent copper contamination?
(a) Tin
(b) Zinc
(c) Aluminium
(d) Lead
[R.A.S/R.T.S (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (a) Tin
- A layer of tin is applied to brass kitchenware to stop any copper from getting into the food.
- Tin is a soft, white metal which looks like silver and has the symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
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8. The aluminium surface is often ‘Anodized’. This means the deposition of a layer of –
(a) Chromium Oxide
(b) Aluminium Oxide
(c) Nickel Oxide
(d) Zinc Oxide
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (b) Aluminium Oxide
- Anodizing is a process which uses electricity to make metal surfaces stronger and resistant to rust.
- It creates a layer of aluminum oxide on aluminum materials.
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9. Alloy of which metal is used to make aeroplanes and parts of the compartments of the train?
(a) Copper
(b) Iron
(c) Aluminium
(d) None of these
[43rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (c) Aluminium
- Aluminium is a lightweight and strong material, making it perfect for building airplanes, light vehicles, and ladders.
- Duralumin, a combination of aluminium, is often used instead because it has better properties.
- Aluminium can be easily shaped and is resistant to corrosion, which makes it ideal for making cans and roofing materials.
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10. Mercury-metal mixture is –
(a) High colour alloy
(b) Carbon mixed alloy
(c) Mercury mixed alloy
(d) Highly resisting alloy for malfriction
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (c) Mercury mixed alloy
- A combination of two metals, usually created by mixing Mercury with another metal, is called an amalgam.
- Most metals can be combined with Mercury, except for Iron.
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11. Which one of the following metals does not form amalgam?
(a) Zinc
(b) Copper
(c) Magnesium
(d) Iron
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (d) Iron
- A mix of two substances is called an amalgam when one of those substances is mercury and the other is a metal.
- Most metals can form amalgams with mercury, but iron is the only exception.
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12. Which one of the following alloys is called an amalgam ?
(a) Zinc – Copper
(b) Copper – Tin
(c) Mercury – Zinc
(d) Lead – Zinc
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (c) Mercury – Zinc
- A mixture made when Mercury is combined with another metal is called an amalgam.
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13. Solder used in soldering metal pieces is an alloy of :
(a) Tin and Lead
(b) Tin and Copper
(c) Tin, Zinc and Copper
(d) Tin, Lead and Zinc
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (a) Tin and Lead
- Solder is usually made from a blend of 32% Tin and 68% Lead.
- This mixture has a low melting temperature, so it is good for soldering parts that can’t handle a lot of heat.
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14. Bronze is an alloy of –
(a) Copper and Tin
(b) Copper and Silver
(c) Copper and Zinc
(d) Copper and Lead
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015]
Ans. (a) Copper and Tin
- Bronze is a mixture of Copper and Tin metals.
- The amount of each metal used to make bronze can be different, however, most bronze made today is made of 88% Copper and 12% Tin.
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15. Bronze is an alloy of copper and –
(a) Tin
(b) Aluminium
(c) Silver
(d) Nickel
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (a) Tin
- Bronze is a mixture of Copper and Tin.
- It usually contains 88% Copper and 12% Tin, but the amounts of each metal can vary.
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16. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists :
List-I List-II
A. German silver 1. Tin
B. Solder 2. Nickel
C. Bleaching powder 3. Sodium
D. Hypo 4. Chlorine
Code :
A B C D
(a) 1 2 4 3
(b) 2 1 3 4
(c) 1 2 3 4
(d) 2 1 4 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (d) 2 1 4 3
- German Silver is an alloy made up of 50% Copper, 35% Zinc and 15% Nickel, but it doesn’t contain any Silver.
- Soft solder is made from Tin and Lead.
- Bleaching powder is a chemical known as calcium hypochlorite and sodium thiosulphate is a white, odorless solid.
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17. The percentage of Silver in German Silver is :
(a) 1%
(b) 5%
(c) 0%
(d) None of these
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003]
Ans. (c) 0%
- German Silver or Nickel silver is a combination of 50% copper, 35% zinc, and 15% nickel, but does not contain silver.
- Tin and lead are used to create a type of solder called soft solder.
- Bleaching powder is a chemical known as calcium hypochlorite, and sodium thiosulphate (Hypo) is a white, odorless solid
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18. How much percentage of silver is found in German Silver?
(a) 20%
(b) 30%
(c) 60%
(d) None of these
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (d) None of these
- German Silver is made up of 50% copper, 35% zinc, and 15% nickel, but no silver.
- Soft solder is made of tin and lead.
- Bleaching powder is a chemical called calcium hypochlorite and sodium thiosulphate is a white, odorless solid.
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19. Which one of the following elements is not present in the German Silver?
(a) Copper
(b) Aluminium
(c) Zinc
(d) Nickel
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2007]
Ans. (b) Aluminium
- German Silver is a metal alloy made up of 50% copper, 35% zinc, and 15% nickel, but it doesn’t contain any silver.
- Soft solder is a combination of tin and lead.
- Bleaching powder is also known as calcium hypochlorite, and sodium thiosulphate (hypo) is a white, odorless solid.
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20. Which of the following alloys has a maximum percentage of Copper?
(a) Brass
(b) Bronze
(c) German Silver
(d) Gun Metal
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl.) (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Bronze
- Brass is mostly made up of Copper (68-71%) and the rest is Zinc.
- Bronze is made up of 88% Copper and 12% Tin.
- German silver has almost half Copper.
- Gunmetal is made up of 85% Copper, 5% Tin, 5% Lead, and 5% Zinc.
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21. Which metal exists as a common component in Brass, Bronze and German Silver?
(a) Antimony
(b) Copper
(c) Tin
(d) Zinc
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) Copper
- Brass is mostly made up of Copper (68-71%) with a small amount of Zinc.
- Bronze is mostly Copper (88%) and some Tin (12%).
- German silver contains almost half Copper.
- Gunmetal is made of Copper (85%),Tin, 5% Lead, and 5% Zinc
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22. Brass is an alloy of –
(a) Copper and Nickel
(b) Nickel and Zinc
(c) Copper and Zinc
(d) Iron and Nickel
[47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005, R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (c) Copper and Zinc
- Brass is mostly made of Copper (68-71%), while Bronze has a higher Copper content (88%) and some Tin (12%).
- German silver has almost half Copper.
- Gunmetal is a mix of Copper (85%), Tin (5%), Lead, and 5% Zinc.
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23. Brass is a combination of what metals?
(a) Copper and Nickel
(b) Copper and Tin
(c) Copper and Zinc
(d) Copper + Zinc and Nickel
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (c) Copper and Zinc
- Brass is made up of mostly copper (68-71%) with a bit of zinc.
- Bronze contains 88% copper and 12% tin.
- German silver is almost entirely copper (50%).
- Gunmetal is composed of 85% copper, 5% tin, 5% Lead, and 5% Zinc.
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24. Which pair of the following is of Copper alloys?
(a) Brass and Invar
(b) Bronze and Nichrome
(c) Brass and Bronze
(d) None of the above
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) Brass and Bronze
- Brass is mainly made of copper (68-71%), while bronze is mostly copper (88%) and tin (12%).
- German silver has almost half copper.
- Gunmetal is made of mostly copper (85%), plus tin (5%), lead (5%) and Zinc (5%)
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25. Check these statements :
(i) Brass is an alloy of Copper and Zinc.
(ii) Magnetite is the main ore of Aluminium.
(iii) Mercurius Solubilis are a substance which mainly involves mercury.
(iv) Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) is a chemical used in photography.
Which of the above is true?
Code :
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i), (iii) and (iv)
[U.P.U.D.A/L.D.A. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (b) (i) and (iii)
- Statement (i) and (iii) are accurate, while (ii) and (iv) are incorrect.
- This is because Magnetite (Fe3O4) is a type of Iron ore, and Silver Bromide (AgBr) is used in photography
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26. Brass gets a faded colour in the air due to the presence of –
(a) Oxygen
(b) Hydrogen Sulphide
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) Nitrogen
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) Hydrogen Sulphide
- Hydrogen Sulphide causes Brass to become dull.
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27. Combination of which substance in the alloy renders stainless steel non-magnetic?
(a) Carbon
(b) Chromium
(c) Nickel
(d) Molybdenum
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) Nickel
- Mixing Nickel with stainless steel makes it non-magnetic, and adding extra Carbon makes it harder.
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28. To make the steel hard requires an increase in –
(a) The quantity of Carbon
(b) The quantity of Manganese
(c) The quantity of Silicon
(d) The quantity of Chromium
[42nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (a) The quantity of Carbon
- Steel is a mix of Iron and other elements, like Carbon, which is used a lot in construction.
- Carbon mixed with Iron makes it harder by changing its crystal structure.
- This change makes it stronger.
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29. Steel slag can be the material for which of the following?
1. Construction of base road
2. Improvement of agricultural soil
3. Production of cement
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (d) 1, 2 and 3
- Steel slag is a by-product of iron and steel production.
- It contains iron, calcium, silicon, manganese, and phosphate.
- It can be used to make cement and concrete, and can also be used to treat acidic water and soils.
- The Ministry of Steel believes that it is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way to keep steel plants from having too much waste.
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30. Which of the following elements is added to iron to produce steel which can resist high temperatures, and have high hardness and abrasion resistance?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Chromium
(c) Nickel
(d) Tungsten
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (b) Chromium
- Stainless steel is a type of steel that contains at least 10.5% Chromium.
- The Chromium helps stop the steel from corroding, rusting and makes it able to withstand high temperatures.
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31. The important metal used with iron to make it rust-free–
(a) Aluminium
(b) Carbon
(c) Chromium
(d) Tin
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (c) Chromium
- Stainless steel is a type of steel made up of at least 10.5% Chromium.
- Chromium helps to protect the steel from rusting and corroding, and also makes it able to withstand high temperatures.
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32. Steel is further processed to obtain stainless steel by adding some elements. Which one of the following is not used for this purpose?
(a) Carbon
(b) Silicon
(c) Manganese
(d) Nickel
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (b) Silicon
- Stainless steel (stain-free iron) is an alloy whose constituent elements generally are as follows :
| Iron |
89.4% |
| Chromium |
10.0% |
| Manganese |
0.35% |
| Carbon |
0.25 % |
- Silicon is not a constituent element of stainless steel, while a few quantity of nickel is also added as a constituent element in stainless steel.
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33. The important metal used with iron to produce stainless steel is :
(a) Aluminium
(b) Chromium
(c) Tin
(d) Carbon
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) Chromium
- Steel is combined with Nickel and Chromium to form stainless steel.
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34. Stainless Steel is an alloy in which the following is added along with iron:
(a) Zinc
(b) Chromium
(c) Tin
(d) Copper
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (b) Chromium
- Stainless steel is made by mixing iron with chromium and nickel.
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35. Which of the following elements are included in stainless steel?
(a) Chromium, Zinc, Carbon and Iron
(b) Nickel, Iron, Zinc and Tin
(c) Iron, Chromium, Manganese and Carbon
(d) Iron, Zinc, Manganese and Tin
[U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010, Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Iron, Chromium, Manganese and Carbon
- Stainless steel is a mixture of iron and other elements like chromium, nickel, and carbon.
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36. What is mixed with iron to make stainless steel?
(a) Nickel and Copper
(b) Zinc and Tin
(c) Nickel and Tin
(d) Chromium and Nickel
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005, R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (d) Chromium and Nickel
- Stainless steel is made by combining iron with nickel, chromium, and carbon.
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37. Stainless steel is an alloy of :
(a) Iron and nickel
(b) Iron and chromium
(c) Copper and chromium
(d) Iron and zinc
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
- Stainless steel is a mix of iron, chromium, and sometimes nickel and other metals that does not corrode easily.
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38. How much carbon does steel contain?
(a) 0.1–2%
(b) 7-10%
(c) 10-50%
(d) Zero
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (a) 0.1–2%
- Steel contains between 0.1% and 2% Carbon.
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39. In the case of rusting, the weight of iron –
(a) Increases
(b) Decreases
(c) Remains the same
(d) Uncertain
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008, M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (a) Increases
- Rust makes iron heavier because iron turns into iron oxide when it reacts with oxygen and moisture.
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40. Consider these statements and choose the right answer from the given code :
Statement (A): Normally it has been seen that iron goods are covered with a brown powder called rust when they are unsheltered in the atmosphere.
Statement (R): Rust or the brown powder is the result of the deposition of tannin.
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the right explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the right explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong.
(d) (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct.
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (c) (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong.
- Statement A is true, but Statement R is incorrect.
- Rust is actually a red oxide made from iron and oxygen when it comes into contact with water or humidity.
- Tannin, on the other hand, is a pale yellowish-brown substance that comes from plants and is used to make leather, dye fabric, make ink, and for various medical applications.
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