Tribes of India – Old Year Questions

• The Jarawas, Sentinelese and Onges are the main tribes that inhabit the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• The Tharu tribe mainly lives in the Terai parts of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
• The Gond tribe is located in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Odisha.
• The Kukki tribe belongs to a Mongoloid species and is mainly found in Manipur, Assam, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya and Nagaland in the north-eastern part of India.

• People of Mongoloid origin, originally from America, now live in northeast and southeast Asia.
• They have yellow skin and straight hair, and their most distinctive feature is their slanted eyes.

• The government of India has identified certain communities as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), which have very low development indices.
• These groups usually follow a lifestyle of hunting and gathering and have a negative population growth rate and very low levels of literacy compared to other tribal groups.
• There are 75 PVTGs across 18 states and the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• Examples of such groups are the Konda Reddis in Andhra Pradesh and the Irular in Tamil Nadu.

• Mongoloids are the racial groups found in hilly and forest areas of north-eastern India.

• The people of South India, such as the Santhal, Bhil, and Yeruva tribes, are part of an ancient group called the Pre-Dravidian or Proto Australoid race.

• The White-browed Gibbon, an ape from the Indian subcontinent, can be found in India’s northeast.

• The Dravidian people mostly live in South India. Their languages, like Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam and Telugu, all come from the same Dravidian language family.
• You can also find them in some parts of central and southeast India.

• The 2011 census showed that the states of Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi and Puducherry did not have any tribal communities.
• 8.6% of India’s total population are tribal communities, with the greatest numbers located in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Odisha.

• The 2011 census found that the Tharu tribe lived in Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, the Kol tribe in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Maharashtra and Odisha, the Bhutia tribe mainly in Sikkim and West Bengal, and the Munda tribe in Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh and Bihar.
• However, the Munda tribe is not native to Bihar.

• The 2011 census revealed that the Tharu tribe was located in Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, while the Kol tribe was found in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Maharashtra and Odisha.
• The Bhutia tribe was mainly present in Sikkim and West Bengal, and the Munda tribe was spread across Jharkhand and nearby areas of Odisha, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh and Bihar.
• However, the Munda is not original tribe of Bihar.

• The Tharu Tribe from Uttar Pradesh sees Diwali as a time of sadness.

• The Tharu tribe lives in the lowlands from Nainital in Uttarakhand to the areas of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
• They are Hindu and celebrate all the festivals, but Diwali is seen as a time of mourning.

• The Tharu tribe lives in the lowlands from Nainital in Uttarakhand to the terai regions of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. They practice Hinduism and celebrate all the festivals, but they view Diwali as a time of grief.

• The Tharu people live in the plains from Nainital in Uttarakhand to the terai regions of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
• They are Hindu and celebrate all the festivals, but they mark Diwali as a time of sadness.

• The Tharu people live in the plains, stretching from Nainital in Uttarakhand to the Terai areas of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
• They practice Hinduism and celebrate all festivals, but they mark Diwali as a day of mourning.

• The Limbu and Yakthung people live in Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet.
• The Karbi tribe is mainly found in Assam and other parts of the north east of India.
• The Dongria Kondh tribe and the Bonda tribe both come from Odisha. So, the first and third groups are matched correctly.

• The Gaddi tribe inhabits the Dhauladhar Range in the Kangra and Chamba districts of Himachal Pradesh.
• They are part of the Garhwal Royal family of Rajasthan. About 100,000 people belong to this tribe.
• The Gaddi tribe’s lifestyle differs from other tribes in the area, such as the Laddakhi Gujjar, Bakarwal, Lahauli, and Bari.

• The Gaddi tribe lives in the Western Himalayas, in the districts of Kangra and Chamba in Himachal Pradesh.
• They are believed to be descended from the rulers of Garhwal in Rajasthan.
• This tribe has a population of around one hundred thousand people.
• Their lifestyle is distinct from other tribes in the region.
• The other main tribes of the Dhauladhar Range are the Laddakhi Gujjar, Bakarwal, Lahauli, and Bari.

• The Santhal people are an important group in India.
• They come from the states of West Bengal, Bihar, Tripura, Jharkhand and Odisha.

• The Gaddi tribe is a major population of about 100,000 people in the Dhauladhar Range of the Western Himalayas, located in the Kangra and Chamba districts of Himachal Pradesh.
• They link themselves to the Garhwal rulers of Rajasthan. They have a unique lifestyle compared to other tribes in the region, such as the Laddakhi Gujjar, Bakarwal, Lahauli, and Bari.

• Santhals refer to marriage as Bupla. There are various kinds of Bupla, such as Sanga Bupla, Kirin Bupla, Itut Bupla, and Nir Bolok Bupla.
• Typically, the bride’s father asks for a bride price, known as Pon.
• Divorce is a common occurrence and both men and women have equal rights in this situation.
• Bitlaha is a harsh form of social punishment in the Santhal society.
• It is a type of social exclusion. The leader of the Santhal village is known as ‘Manjhi’.

• Bhoksas, Jaunsaris and Tharus are groups of people who stay in one place. They all have agriculture as their main source of livelihood.
• The Bhotias tribe lives in the hills of Uttarakhand and the flatlands of Uttar Pradesh.
• They are part of the Mongoloid Race and are known for their migratory pastoralist nature.

• The Bodo people are a group with their own language and culture who mostly live in the hills of Meghalaya.
• Santhal Pargana is an area in Jharkhand where most of the people are Santhal

• The 2011 Census showed that the Garo tribe lived in Meghalaya, Assam, and Mizoram. So, there is no one single answer that is correct.

• People who speak Khasi and Garo can be found in Meghalaya, Assam, and Mizoram, so it’s not possible to choose just one of these states.

• The Chenchu tribe is mainly found in Nallamala, Andhra Pradesh, but can also be found in some parts of Kerala.
• The Lepcha tribe is mainly found in Sikkim, the Dafar tribe is located in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat, and the Dafla tribe is found in Arunachal Pradesh and some parts of Assam

• Gond used to be the most populous tribal group in India, but according to the recent 2011 census, Bhil is the largest with 17071049 people. Gond is the second-largest with 13256928 people.

• Gond used to be the biggest tribal group in India, but the most recent census from 2011 showed that Bhil is now the biggest with 17,071,049 people.
• Gond is the second biggest with 13,256,928 people.

• When the question was asked Gond was the largest tribal group of India but according to the latest 2011 census Bhil tribal group with a population of 17071049 is the largest group while Gond (13256928) is the second-largest tribal group.

• The Gond tribe has Pradhan, Agaria, Ojha, Nagarchi, and Solhas sub-castes.
• The sub-castes of the Baiga tribe are Bijhwar, Nahar, Bharotiya, Narotia, Rai Bhaina, and Kadh Bhaina.
• Pattiya belongs to the Bhil tribe and Mehar is a Scheduled Caste. Korku has Nahala, Vavari, Bodoya, and Mavasiruma are sub-castes of Korku. Option (a) and (b) are correctly matched while options (c) and (d) both are incorrectly matched.

• Bhil is the biggest tribal group in India, so the correct answer is option (a).

• The Toda people are located in the Nilgiri Hills region, and they have been referred to as Todi and Tuda.
• They say they are connected to the Aryans and they speak a language called Toda.

• The Toda people reside in the Nilgiri Hills. They are sometimes referred to as Todi or Tuda.
• They believe they are related to the Aryans. They speak a language called Toda.

• Madhya Pradesh has the highest number of Tribal people.
• There are over 1.6 crore members of the Scheduled Tribes, which is 21.1% of the state’s total population according to the 2011

• The members of the Toda tribe had more than one husband.

• The Munda Tribe is spread out across several states in India, including Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, and Bihar.
• They celebrate festivals like Mage, Phagu, Karam, Sarhul, and Sohrai. Sarhul is celebrated in the spring season each year

• Every year, the Oraon, Munda, and Ho tribes in Jharkhand celebrate the ‘Sarhul Festival’ during the Chaitra month of the Hindu calendar, which marks the start of the new year.
• They worship trees during this festival, showing their close connection with nature.

• At the time when this question was asked the largest Schedule The tribe of Uttarakhand was Jaunsari. But According to 2011 Census, the population of Schedule Tribes residing in Uttarakhand is as follows :

• The Baiga tribe is the largest indigenous group in Chhattisgarh.
• They are known for living an extremely simple life and are thought to be the original people of the Earth in the local myths of the region.
• They are seen as a primitive Dravidian tribe.

• In Mizoram, most of the settlements are along the ridges because the valleys are colder, especially during the night, than the ridges.

• According to Census of 2011, Tribes and their population in respective States is as follows –

Hence all options are correct.

• The housing for young people of the Oraon tribe is called Ghumkaria.
• Marrying someone from the same tribe is not allowed in Oraon society.
• They do not practice child marriage. The most common type of marriage for the Oraon is arranged marriage.
• The leader of the Oraon village is called the Mahato and their council is called the Panchora

Onam is celebrated in Kerala. Hence option (b) is not matched correctly.

• The main languages spoken in Sikkim are Nepali, Bhutia, and Lepcha. The other choices are correct.

• The results from the 2011 Census show that all of the given options are correct, except for option (c).
• The Bhotiya Tribe is found in Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, while Bhutiya is found in Sikkim and West Bengal.

• The name ‘Bhil’ comes from the word ‘villu’ or ‘billu’ which means ‘bow’ in the Dravidian language.
• They are part of the proto-Australoid race and can be found in states such as Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh and Rajasthan.
• Bhils can also be found in the northeastern part of Tripura.
• The most popular dance performed by the Bhils is Ghoomar.

• In India, several tribal groups, including Jaunsari, Khas, Toda, Kota, Bota, Tian, Irawa and Nayar tribes practise polyandry.

• The habitat of the tribes given in the question is as follows:

• The correctly matched list is given below :

• The correctly matched order is as follows :

• The Sahariya tribe is located mainly in Baran district in Rajasthan.
• People say the name Sahariya comes from the Arabic word “Sehara” which means wild.
• They recently made headlines due to some starvation-related deaths.

Thus correct option is (b).

• The correct match is as follows –

• The way to decide which group is a Tribe is based on their culture, primitive features, unique culture, and where they live.

• The Todas live in the Nilgiri mountains of Tamil Nadu, the Bhils are in Gujarat, the Gaddis in Himachal Pradesh and the Kotas in Tamil Nadu.
• These all match up, so the correct answer is option (d).

• The Indian Constitution does not give a clear definition of Scheduled Tribes.
• According to Article 366(25), these are certain tribes and tribal communities that are identified in Article 342.
• Data from the 2011 census shows that 11.90% of the country’s tribal population lives in the North East, including Sikkim. Statement (b) is incorrect.
• The Todas are a tribe living in the Nilgiri region, however only 1500 of them are still alive.
• The language spoken by the Lotha tribe is found in Nagaland.

• The Changpa are a semi-nomadic group of Tibetans living mainly in the Zaskar region of Ladakh.
• Their main job is tending to animals, such as yaks and goats.
• In 2001, they were officially recognized as a Schedule tribe.

• The Korba tribe is mostly located in the states of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.
• Kodagu district in Karnataka has nothing to do with the Korba tribe, which is why option (d) is incorrect.
• Kol and Munda are not “Primitive” tribes

• The Lambada tribe does not come from Madhya Pradesh. Therefore, option (d) is incorrect.
• The Lambada tribe originally came from Afghanistan and then moved to Rajasthan before spreading to Andhra, Karnataka and Maharashtra.

• The Zulu people are located in South Africa, not in Odisha. All other tribes are correctly matched.

• The correctly matched list is as follows :

• The Rengma people are from the Naga tribe and live in both Nagaland and Assam.

• The Kamar Tribe have generally relied on bamboo for their living.
• They only marry within their tribe and their main job is making baskets.
• Hunting, collecting things from the forest, and fishing are also done but are secondary activities.
• The social organization of the Kamar Tribe is based on family lines and they follow a patriarchal system.

• The Agarias are a big group of people from India that make iron in the middle of the country.
• They worship ‘Lohasur’ or Kalabhairao as their special god.

• The 2011 Census showed that the Shompen tribe lives in the Nicobar Islands and there are 229 of them.

• The “Onge” tribe resides on the western side of Little Andaman Island in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

• The Jarawa people live in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India. Recently, a court ruled that tourists are not allowed to visit the area where they live.

• The Jarawa people are located in India’s Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Recently, the court ordered that tourists are not allowed in the Jarawa’s area.

• The Jarawa people live in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India.
• Recently, the courts ruled that tourists are not allowed to visit the area where the Jarawa people live.

• Gahira Guru was part of the Kanwar tribe.
• Swami Rameshwar Kanwar, who was also known as Gahira Guru, set out to transform the tribal lifestyle by introducing them to spirituality.
• He taught them the principles of ‘Sanatan Dharma’ using Ramcharitra Manas, and meditated daily at Kailash Gupha located in Samarbar.
• Afterwards, he created an organisation called ‘Sanatan Dharma Sant Samaj’ at Gahira to improve the life of the tribal people and bring positive changes to the way they had been living for many

• The oldest group of people in India is called ‘Jarawa’ and they live on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

• Jharkhand has 32 tribes, 8 of which are considered ‘primitive’.
• These include Asur, Birhor, Birajia, Korwa, Parahiya (Baiga), Sabar, Mal Pahariya and Souriya Pahariya.
• 27% of the population in Jharkhand

• The Manganiyar are a Muslim group from Rajasthan in the desert who are well-known for their music.
• They can be found in Tharparkar and Sanghar in Pakistan too.

• The Khasi people live mainly in the northeastern Indian state of Meghalaya, and they use the practice of Jhum cultivation, also known as shifting cultivation.

• Marriages among the ‘Ho’ tribe involve two types: ‘Andi’ and ‘Oportipi’.
• ‘Andi’ is a marriage agreed upon by negotiation, and ‘Oportipi’ is known as ‘portion’.

• The Bhunjia tribe, which is a small and little known group of people from Orissa, are part of the Proto-Australoid racial group.
• The name ‘Bhunjia’ means one who lives on the soil.
• They speak a mix of Baiga and Chhattisghari, and their kitchen is called “Lal Bangala”.

• The Khairwar tribe makes ‘Catechu’, which is also known as ‘Khair’.
• It is thought that this tribe was named after ‘Khair’ because of the catechu they produce.

• The Kathi Dance is a festival celebrated by the Balahi Harijan community in the Nimar region of Hoshangabad.
• This festival is used to honor the powerful mother figure Parvati, and is a special type of folk theatre performance celebrated in this area.

• The Khas tribe has a large population in Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu & Kashmir. The other answers are correct.

• The states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu & Kashmir have a lot of people from the khas tribe. The other options given match correctly

• Bharmour is a tribal area found in Himachal Pradesh.
• It used to be the main city in the Chamba district.