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Indian National Congress & World War II
1. Official Stance and Demands
- Condition for Cooperation: The Congress policy was to offer cooperation to Britain only if they were given a full and immediate assurance of Complete Independence.
- Refusal of Support: They refused to support the war effort without this guarantee.
- Condemnation of Axis Powers: The Congress condemned Nazism, Fascism, and the Nazi invasion of Poland.
2. Reason for Resignation (1939)
- British Action: The British Viceroy, Lord Linlithgow, declared India a participant in the war against Germany without consulting the Indian Legislature or elected councils.
- Congress Response: In protest against this unilateral action, the Congress Ministries in all provinces resigned in October 1939.
- Tenure: They had been in power for 28 months before resigning.
3. Nature of Collaboration
- The Indian National Congress did not actively collaborate or assist the British in World War II.
- Their stated position was that India could not be compelled to fight a war to defend democracy while being denied that same freedom itself.
The British Government’s Actions
Declaration of War
- Britain made India a part of World War II without the consent of Indian representatives.
- The Viceroy, Lord Linlithgow, announced India’s entry into the war on October 17, 1939.
World War II Timeline & Key Figures
Duration of the War
- World War II began on September 1, 1939, with Germany’s invasion of Poland.
- The war ended in 1945 after the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.
Leadership
- Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister of Britain during World War II (from 1940 to 1945).
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