1. Establishment of Lokpal and Lokayukta in India was recommended by –
(a) Sarkaria Commission
(b) Administrative Reforms Commission
(c) Law Commission
(d) Thakkar Commission
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (b) Administrative Reforms Commission
- The first Administrative Reforms Commission, led by Morarji Desai, suggested that India should have Lokpal and Lokayukta. K. Hanumanthaiah took over as Chairperson in 1967.
- The Commission concluded its work in 1970.
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2. Indian Model of Ombudsman is –
(a) Lekhpal
(b) Tehsildar
(c) Governor
(d) Lokpal
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (d) Lokpal
- In India, the Ombudsman is called Lokpal.
- It was originally created in 1809 in Sweden as an independent organization to monitor things.
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3. The first Lokpal Bill was presented in the Parliament in–
(a) 1967
(b) 1971
(c) 1968
(d) 1972
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (c) 1968
- The first Lokpal Bill was presented to the fourth Lok Sabha in 1968 and passed in 1969.
- However, before it could be agreed to by the Rajya Sabha, the Lok Sabha was ended and the bill was no longer valid.
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4. Who is the first Lokpal of our country?
(a) Justice Subodh Rana
(b) Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose
(c) Justice Balakrishnan
(d) Justice H.S. Dattu
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (b) Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose
- The Administrative Reforms Commission of India (1966-1970) suggested setting up two organizations called ‘Lokpal’ and ‘Lokayukta’ to help people with their complaints.
- The President will pick the chairperson and members for these bodies with the help of a selection committee with the Prime Minister as the leader.
- This committee will also include the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, the leader of the opposition in the Lok Sabha, the Chief Justice of India or a Supreme Court Judge chosen by him and one expert in law.
- Recently, Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose was chosen as the first Lokpal of India (a former Supreme Court Judge).
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5. Which of the following has recommended that appointment of Judges to Higher Courts should be through the participation of the Executive, Legislature and Chief Justice?
(a) National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution.
(b) National Judicial Commission
(c) Second Administrative Reforms Commission
(d) Report of Law Commission
[U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014]
Ans. (c) Second Administrative Reforms Commission
- The Second Administrative Reforms Commission has suggested that the Executive (government), Legislature (law makers), and the Chief Justice of India should all be involved in appointing Judges to Higher Courts.
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6. Which of the following statements about the Lokpal Bill, 2011 is/are correct?
1. Was introduced in the Lok Sabha on August 4, 2011.
2. Was introduced by Shri P. Chidambaram, Home Minister.
3. Has been referred to the Standing Committee.
4. Has been termed by Civil Society members as ‘weak.’
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Code :
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1,2 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (d) 1, 3 and 4 only
- The Lokpal Bill was presented to the Lok Sabha (Lower House of Parliament) by the then Minister of Parliamentary Affairs, V. Narayanaswami on August 4th 2011.
- It was then sent to the Standing Committee of Parliament on Public Grievance, Law and Justice and civil society members have described it as ‘weak’.
- Therefore, statements 1, 3 and 4 are correct, but statement 2 is incorrect.
- It is important to note that the Bill concerning the Lokpal or Lokayukta became a Law or Act on January 1st, 2014.
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7. In which of the following States, the office of Lokayukta was, first established?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Bihar
(d) Odisha
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015]
Ans. (a) Maharashtra
- In 1971, Maharashtra was the first state to create the institution of Lokayukta.
- Since then, many other states such as Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Assam, Gujarat, Punjab, Delhi and Haryana have followed suit.
- Although the legislation for Lokayukta was passed in Odisha first, it wasn’t established until 1983.
- Also, Odisha was the first state to abolish the Lokayukta in 1993.
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8. Which one of the following States first established the Institution of Lokayukta?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Bihar
(d) Gujarat
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (b) Maharashtra
- The Lokayukta Institution was first set up in the state of Maharashtra.
- It was created by the Maharashtra Lokayukta and Deputy Lokayukta Act of 1971.
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9. The Lokayukta of Uttar Pradesh submits its report to–
(a) Chief Minister
(b) Chief Justice of High Court
(c) Governor
(d) Speaker of Legislative Assembly
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (c) Governor
- Under the Uttar Pradesh Lokayukta Act of 1975, the Lokayukta presents a report to the Governor which is then shown to both the Houses of the State Legislature.
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10. The first Indian State to pass the Lokayukta Bill in 2011 is–
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Bihar
(c) Uttarakhand
(d) Jharkhand
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2012]
Ans. (c) Uttarakhand
- On November 1st, 2011, Uttarakhand passed a law called the Lokayukta Bill.
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11. Which of the following are the States where the Chief Minister comes in the ambit of the Lok Ayukta Act?
(a) West Bengal and Kerala
(b) Gujarat and Maharashtra
(c) Madhya Pradesh and Orissa
(d) Rajasthan and Karnataka
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (b) Gujarat and Maharashtra
- The right answer to the question was option (c), but now the Lokayukta Act covers the Chief Minister in several states such as Himachal Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Odisha and Panjab.
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12. Civil Society’s representatives in the panel for drafting the Lokpal Bill include:
1. Anna Hazare
2. Prashant Joshi
3. Santosh Hegde
4. Kiran Bedi
5. Shanti Bhushan
Select your correct answer from the code given below:
(a) Only 1, 3, 4 and 5
(b) Only 1, 2, 3 and 4
(c) Only 1, 2 and 3
(d) Only 1, 3 and 5
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (d) Only 1, 3 and 5
- Five people from the civil society helped write the Lokpal Bill- Anna Hazare, Arvind Kejariwal, Shanti Bhushan, N. Santosh Hegde and Prashant Bhushan.
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13. Consider the following statements about the minorities in India:
1. The Government of India has notified five communities, namely, Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Buddhists and Zoroastrians as minorities.
2. The National Commission for Minorities was given statutory status in 1993.
3. The smallest religious minority in India is the Zoroastrians.
4. The Constitution of India recognizes and protects religious and linguistic minorities.
Which of these statements are correct?
(a) 2 and 3
(b) 1 and 4
(c) 2, 3 and 4
(d) 1, 2 and 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (d) 1, 2 and 4
- The National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992 was passed and started on 17th May 1992.
- This made the Commission into a legal body.
- The first official Commission was set up on the 17th May 1993 and the Ministry of Welfare, GOI named five religious groups – Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists and Zoroastrians (Parsis) – as minority communities.
- In 2014, Jains were also added to the list of minorities.
- At the moment, there are six minority communities in India.
- Zoroastrians are not the smallest religious group since there are smaller groups not recognised as minorities.
- The Constitution of India recognises and protects religious and linguistic minorities, so only statement 4 is true.
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14. The Vohra Committee was formed to study-
(a) Police Reform
(b) Financial Reform
(c) Nexus of Politicians and Criminals
(d) Appointment of governors
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) Nexus of Politicians and Criminals
- In 1993, the Vohra Committee was set up to look into the issue of politicians, criminals and bureaucrats in India being linked together.
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15. Who recommended to ending Indian Administrative Services and Indian Police Services?
(a) Dhebar Commission
(b) Kalelkar Commission
(c) Kher Commission
(d) Rajamannar Commission
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (d) Rajamannar Commission
- The Rajamannar Commission suggested getting rid of the Indian Administrative Services and Indian Police Services.
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16. Under which Article of the Constitution the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance was issued by the President in 1993?
(a) Article 123
(b) Article 124
(c) Article 125
(d) Article 127
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (a) Article 123
- The President of India made a law called the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance in 1993.
- This law was made according to the Indian Constitution’s Article 123 and it was put into effect on September 28th, 1993.
- The law creates a National Human Rights Commission, State Human Rights Commissions in each state, and Human Rights Courts.
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17. When did the Protection of Human Rights Act come into force in India?
(a) 1990
(b) 1991
(c) 1992
(d) 1993
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (d) 1993
- On September 28, 1993, a law was enacted in India that protects and promotes Human Rights.
- This law is called the Human Rights Protection Act.
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18. What was the objective of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993?
(a) Better protection of Human Rights
(b) To constitute Human Rights Protection Commission
(c) To constitute Human Rights Protection Commission in the State
(d) All of the above
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (d) All of the above
- The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 has the main purpose of setting up National and State Human Rights Commissions and Human Rights Courts to better protect Human Rights and related issues.
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19. Who is not a member of the committee for the appointment of Chairperson and members of the National Human Rights Commission?
(a) Speaker of the House of People
(b) Chairman of the Council of States
(c) Leader of opposition in the House of People
(d) Leader of opposition in the Council of States
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019, M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (b) Chairman of the Council of States
- The President of India appoints the Chairperson and members of the Human Rights Commission based on the advice of a group of people.
- This group includes the Prime Minister, Speaker of the House of the People, Minister-in-charge of the Ministry of Home Affairs, the leaders of the Opposition in the House and Council of States, and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States.
- The Chairman of the Council of States is not part of the Human Rights Commission.
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20. Who is not the ex-officio member of the National Human Rights Commission?
(a) The Chairperson of the National Commission for Minorities
(b) The Chairperson of the Law Commission of India
(c) The Chairperson of the National Commission for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
(d) The Chairperson of the National Commission for Women
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b) The Chairperson of the Law Commission of India
- The National Human Rights Commission was set up in 1993.
- It is made up of a chairperson (who must be a retired Chief Justice or judge of India) and four other members.
- There are also 6 people who are part of the commission automatically and one special guest.
- The Chairperson of the Law Commission of India is not part of the commission.
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21. Consider the following statements regarding the National Human Rights Commission of India –
1. Its Chairman must be retired Chief Justice of India.
2. It has formation in each State as State Human Rights Commission.
3. Its powers are only recommendatory in nature.
4. It is mandatory to appoint a woman as a member of the Commission.
Which of the above statements are correct ?
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(b) 2 and 4
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (d) 1 and 3
- The Human Rights Commission was set up in 1993 and its members are chosen by the President.
- According to the Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2019, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and other Judges can be the chairman of the National Human Rights Commission.
- Also, the number of members (Civil Society) of the Commission has been increased from two to three, with one of them being a woman.
- The Commission is only able to make recommendations and the State Human Rights Commissions are not part of the National Human Rights Commission.
- Therefore, only statements 3 and 4 are true.
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22. In relation to offences described under Section 175, Section 178, Section 179, Section 180, or Section 228 of the Indian Penal Code, the Human Rights Commission is to be deemed-
(a) Criminal Court
(b) Civil Court
(c) Revenue Court
(d) None of the above
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) – 2018]
Ans. (b) Civil Court
- The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) was created in 1993 by the Parliament.
- It is based in Delhi, but can also set up offices in other parts of India.
- It can decide its own procedures and has the same powers as a civil court, which means its proceedings are treated as if they were in a court.
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23. In which Section of the Human Rights Protection Act, 1993 is ‘Public Servant’ defined?
(a) Section 2
(b) Section 3
(c) Section 2(H)
(d) Section 2(M)
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) Section 2(M)
- Section 2(M) of the Human Rights Protection Act of 1993 defines what is meant by the term “Public Servant”.
- This definition is the same as the one given to it in Section 21 of the Indian Penal Code.
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24. Every member of the Commission, State Commission, and every officer appointed or authorized by the Commission or State Commission to exercise functions under the Protection of Human Rights Act is to be deemed-
(a) Public Officer
(b) Public Servant
(c) Officer of Commission
(d) None of the above
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) – 2018]
Ans. (b) Public Servant
- All members of the Commission, State Commission, and all officers appointed or authorized by them to perform duties in accordance with the Protection of Human Rights Act will be considered Public Servants as defined by Section 21 of the Indian Penal Code.
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25. Read the following and select the correct answer from the code given below:
Assertion (A): The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is to be headed by a person who has been a former Chief Justice of India.
Reason (R): The Chairperson of NHRC holds office for a term of 5 years or till he attains the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier.
Code :
(a) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(b) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(c) Both (A) and (R) are true.
(d) Both (A) and (R) are false.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015]
Ans. (d) Both (A) and (R) are false.
- The Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2019 states that the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) must be led by a former Chief Justice of India or a Judge of the Supreme Court.
- The Chairman of the NHRC will have the office for three years or until they reach 70 years old, whichever comes first.
- This means that both answers A and R are incorrect.
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26. Who is the current chairman of the National Human Rights Commission of India?
(a) Justice S. Rajendra Babu
(b) Justice H.L. Dattu
(c) Justice K. Balakrishnan
(d) Justice A.S. Anand
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (b) Justice H.L. Dattu
- Right now, Justice Arun Kumar Mishra is the head of the National Human Rights Commission and has been since June 2nd, 2021.
- Before that, Justice H.L. Dattu was the chairman from February 29th, 2016 to December 2nd, 2020.
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27. The tenure of the Chairman of the National Human Rights Commission is-
(a) 3 years
(b) 4 years
(c) 5 years
(d) 6 years
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (a) 3 years
- The Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission is appointed and holds their position for 3 years from when they start or until they turn 70 years old, whichever comes first.
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28. The term of office of members of the National Human Rights Commission from the date on which he/she enters his/her office is
(a) five years or till the age of 65 years
(b) five years or till the age of 70 years
(c) six years or till the age of 65 years
(d) six years or till the age of 70 years
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b) five years or till the age of 70 years
- The Chairman and members of the National Human Rights Commission have a 3 year term, or until they turn 70, whichever comes first.
- When they finish their term, they cannot have a job with the Central or State Government.
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29. While dealing with complaints of violation of Human Rights by the members of the armed forces, the Commission either on its own motion or on receipt of a petition will?
(a) Enquire itself
(b) give directions to the concerned police officers to enquire
(c) seek a report from the Central Government
(d) None of the above
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (c) seek a report from the Central Government
- The commission does not have a lot of authority or control when it comes to people in the military breaking Human Rights laws.
- It can ask the Central Government for more information and make suggestions.
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30. Chairperson and members of State Human Rights Commission are appointed by –
(a) President
(b) Governor
(c) Chief Justice of the High Court
(d) None of the above
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019, M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (b) Governor
- The Governor appoints the Chairman of the State Human Rights Commission, based on the suggestion of a Committee made up of the Chief Minister (leader), Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, State Home Minister and the opposition leader of the Legislative Assembly (members).
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31. Who is not included in the Committee to recommend a name for the appointment of Chairperson and members of the State Human Rights Commission?
(a) Chief Minister
(b) Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
(c) In charge of the Department of Home Affairs
(d) governor
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (d) governor
- The Governor appoints the chairperson and members of the State Human Rights Commission by following the recommendations of a committee made up of the Chief Minister, Home Minister, Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, and the Leader of the Opposition in the Assembly.
- Therefore, option (d) is correct.
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32. A Sitting Judge of the High Court or a Sitting District Judge can be appointed as a member of the State Human Rights Commission after consultation with?
(a) the Governor
(b) the Chief Justice of the High Court of the concerned State
(c) the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India
(d) the President
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b) The Chief Justice of the High Court of the concerned State
- The 1993 Human Rights Protection Act makes it possible for each state to have their own Human Rights Commission.
- 25 states have already set up their own Commissions through official notifications.
- The Chairman and members are appointed by the Governor, with the Chief Minister, the speaker of the Legislative Assembly, the state Home Minister, and the leader of the opposition making up the committee.
- If the state has a Legislative Council, the Chairman of the council and the leader of the opposition in the council will also be part of the committee.
- To appoint a Sitting Judge of a High Court or a Sitting District Judge, the Chief Justice of the High Court of the state must be consulted.
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33. The State Commission submits its annual report to the?
(a) Governor
(b) State Government
(c) Chief Justice of the High Court
(d) Chief Justice of India
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b) State Government
- The State Human Rights Commission gives a yearly report to the state Government.
- They also give a list of what was done based on the Commission’s recommendations and why any of the recommendations were not accepted by the state legislature.
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34. In the definition of armed forces under the Protection of Human Rights Act, which of the following is not included?
(a) Navy
(b) Armed Forces of the State
(c) Military
(d) Air Force
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b) Armed Forces of the State
- The Act only applies to the navy, army, and air force, not to any other military forces of the nation.
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35. Which one of the following is not the function of the State Human Rights Commission?
(a) Enquire suo-moto the violation of Human Rights.
(b) Visit any Jail
(c) Review the protection of Human Rights
(d) To punish for the violation of Human Rights
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2013]
Ans. (d) To punish for the violation of Human Rights
- The Human Rights Commission has many roles, but not punish people who have broken Human Rights laws.
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36. In the event of the occurrence of any vacancy in the Office of the Chairperson of the State Commission, who can authorize one of the members to act as Chairperson?
(a) The Chief Justice of the High Court
(b) The President
(c) The Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission
(d) The Governor
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) – 2018]
Ans. (d) The Governor
- The Governor is allowed to choose one of the State Commission members to take over as acting chairman if the Chairman’s position is empty or if the Chairman is unable to do their job due to absence or something else.
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37. Which among the following is NOT correctly matched?
Bodies Establishment
(a) Inter-state Council – 1990
(b) National Development – 1954 Council
(c) Central Vigilance – 1964 Commission
(d) National Human Rights – 1993 Commission
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (b) National Development – 1954 Council
- The order is:
(a) Inter-state Council – 1990
(b) National Development Council – 1952
(c) Central Vigilance Commission – 1964
(d) National Human Rights Commission – 1993
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38. Which one of the following is not a Constitutional body?
(a) The Human Rights Commission
(b) Finance Commission of a State
(c) The Lok Sabha Secretariat
(d) Finance Commission at the Centre
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (a) The Human Rights Commission
- The Human Rights Commission is not mentioned in the Constitution but was created by the Human Rights Protection Act in 1993.
- The Constitution has three other institutions: the Finance Commission of a State (Article 243(I)), the Secretariat of Parliament (Article 98), and the Finance Commission of the Union (Article 280).
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39. Which one of the following has a status different from the other three?
(a) Backward Class Commission
(b) Finance Commission
(c) National Human Rights Commission
(d) Election Commission
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]
Ans. (c) National Human Rights Commission
- The National Human Rights Commission is not a part of the Constitution, but the other three bodies (which look into the status of backward classes, the finance commission, and the election commission) are all part of the Constitution.
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40. Which of the following are Constitutional Authorities?
1. State Election Commission
2. State Finance Commission
3. District Panchayat
4. State Electoral Officer
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
Code :
(a) 1 and 2 Only
(b) 1,2 and 3 Only
(c) 2,3 and 4 Only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]
Ans. (b) 1,2 and 3 Only
- The State Election Commission, the State Election Commissioner, the State Finance Commission and the District Panchayat are all authorities mentioned in the Constitution, but the State Electoral Officer and Chief-Electoral Officer are not.
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41. Consider the following statements regarding the appointment of the National Commission to revise the Constitution-
(1) The report will be of recommendatory nature.
(2) The appointment was approved by Parliament.
(3) It is presided over by Chief Justice M.N. Venkatchelaiya.
(4) It will focus on the socio-economic needs of the country.
Which of these statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 1,2 and 3
(d) 2,3 and 4
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) 1 and 3
- In 2000, the NDA government created a commission, headed by Justice Venkatachaliah, to look back at how the Constitution had been put into action for the last 50 years and how it was doing currently.
- However, Parliament did not approve this commission.
- The commission’s last report was submitted in 2002.
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42. The Chairman of the Constitutional Review Commission set up in February, 2000 is-
(a) M.N. Venkatachaliah
(b) R.S. Sarkaria
(c) Krishna Iyer
(d) Fatima Beevi
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2002, 45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (a) M.N. Venkatachaliah
- The NDA government created a commission in 2000, which was led by Justice Venkatachaliah, to review how the Constitution had been used over the past 50 years and how it was functioning at the present time.
- Parliament did not accept this commission, and its final report was given in 2002.
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43. An advocate may be specified by the State Government for the purpose of conducting cases in Human Rights courts as a Special Public Prosecutor who has been in practice for not less than :
(a) Five years
(b) Six years
(c) Ten years
(d) Seven years
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (d) Seven years
- According to section 31 of the Human Rights Act of 1993, the state government will need to notify a public prosecutor or appoint a lawyer who has been practicing for at least 7 years to be a Special Public Prosecutor for any Human Rights Court.
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44. The tenure of the Central Information Commissioner is
(a) 6 years or 65 years of age
(b) 6 years or 62 years of age
(c) 5 years or 62 years of age
(d) 5 years or 65 years of age
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) 5 years or 65 years of age
- The Indian Government will decide how long the Chief Information Commissioner and Information Commissioners will stay in their roles, as stated in the Right to Information (Amendment) Act of 2019.
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45. Who is the Chairman of the Central Pollution Control Board?
(a) President
(b) Prime Minister
(c) Vice-President
(d) Environment Minister
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015 (*)]
Ans. (*)
- The Constitution of the Central Pollution Control Board states that someone with expertise in the environment or experience in dealing with it can be appointed as Chairman of the Central Pollution Control Board by the Central Government.
- Currently, Shri Tanmay Kumar is the Chairman of this Board. The Madhya Pradesh Commission made a mistake by omitting this question from their answer key as none of the given options were correct.
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46. The question considered by Swarn Singh Committee was related to –
(a) More autonomy for Punjab than Jammu and Kashmir.
(b) Suitability of President oriented governance for India.
(c) Priority to Directive Principles of State Policy in comparison to fundamental rights.
(d) Administrative reform.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (c) Priority to Directive Principles of State Policy in comparison to fundamental rights.
- In 1976, the Congress Government formed a Committee with Sardar Swarn Singh as the leader.
- This Committee was called the ‘Constitutional Amendment Committee’.
- The 42nd Constitutional Amendment was based on the Committee’s recommendations.
- The Committee said that the Presidential system would not be suitable for India.
- Mainly, the Committee discussed the issue of making Directive Principles of State Policy more important than Fundamental Rights.
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47. Mandal Commission, whose proposals created massive dispute, was set up by-
(a) Indira Gandhi
(b) Morarji Desai
(c) Rajeev Gandhi
(d) Vishwanath Pratap Singh
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (b) Morarji Desai
- In 1979, India’s Janata Party Government, led by Prime Minister Morarji Desai, set up the Mandal Commission.
- It was led by Bindheshwari Prasad Mandal, an Indian Parliamentarian.
- Its job was to figure out who was socially and educationally disadvantaged.
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48. Who is the first Chairman of the Backward Classes Commission?
(a) Jagjivan Ram
(b) Kaka Saheb Kalelkar
(c) B. D. Sharma
(d) B. R. Ambedkar
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[64thB.P.S.C (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b) Kaka Saheb Kalelkar
- The President of India appointed the first All India Backward Classes Commission on 29th January 1953 and it was officially opened on 18th March 1953 with Kaka Saheb Kalelkar as the chairperson.
- Kalelkar was an Indian independence fighter, social reformer and journalist who was a strong follower of Mahatma Gandhi’s teachings.
- He was born in Satna (M.P.) and was a member of Rajya Sabha from 1952 to 1964.
- He was also the president of Gujarati Sahitya Parishad in 1959 and set up the Gandhi Vidyapith, Vedchhi in 1967, of which he was the vice-chancellor.
- Mahatma Gandhi referred to him as Savai Gujarati (a quarter more than a Gujarati).
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49. The Report of Mandal Commission was submitted in-
(a) 1990
(b) 1983
(c) 1980
(d) 1977
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (c) 1980
- In 1979, the Janta Party Government constituted Mandal
Commission presided over by Bindheshwari Prasad Mandal
(B.P. Mandal).
- The Commission submitted its report in 1980.
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50. The causes of atrocity on Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes according to the report of the National Commission for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe in the year 1990 do not include –
(a) Land alienation
(b) Bonded labor
(c) Indebtedness
(d) Religious causes
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (d) Religious causes
- In 1990, the National Commission on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes found that the major reasons for the mistreatment of these groups were land conflicts, the loss of tribal lands, being forced to work without pay, being in debt, and not getting minimum wages.
- However, religion was not the reason for the mistreatment.
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51. Who appoints the Members of the State Public Service Commission?
(a) President
(b) Governor
(c) Chairman, Union Public Service Commission
(d) Chairman, State Public Service Commission
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (b) Governor
- The President appoints the Chairman and other members of the Union Public Service Commission as stated in Article 316.
- If it is a State Commission, the Governor of the State will appoint the members.
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52. Choose the correct alternative: The Chairman of a Joint Public Service Commission for two or more States is appointed by –
(a) The President of India
(b) The President of India on the recommendation of the Governors concerned
(c) The Governor of the largest State
(d) A Committee of Governors of all the States concerned
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) The President of India
- The President of India appoints the Chairman and other members of the Union or Joint Public Service Commission.
- The Governor of the state appoints the Chairman and other members of the State Public Service Commission.
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53. The Chairman of the State Public Service Commission is appointed by?
(a) the Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission
(b) the President of India
(c) The governor of the State
(d) the Chief Minister
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[64th B.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (c) The Governor of the State
- The same articles in the Constitution (numbers 315 to 323 in Part XIV) that deal with the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) at the center, also deal with the State Public Service Commission (SPSC) in a state.
- The Chairman and members of the SPSC are appointed by the Governor and can only be removed by the President.
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.
54. The functions of the State Public Service Commission of Uttar Pradesh can be extended by
(a) Prime Minister
(b) Union Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
(c) The President
(d) Uttar Pradesh State Legislature
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (d) Uttar Pradesh State Legislature
- The Uttar Pradesh State Legislature has the power to expand the responsibilities of the State Public Service Commission.
- This can include giving the Commission more authority over the services of the Union and State, as well as services of local authorities, corporate bodies, and public institutions.
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55. In which of the following matters the State Public Service Commission is not consulted?
(a) On the method of recruitment of Civil Services.
(b) On the principles to be followed in making appointments to Civil Services.
(c) On the principles to be followed in making promotions in Civil Services and transfers from one service to another.
(d) On making transfers of Civil Servants.
[R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2013]
Ans. (d) On making transfers of Civil Servants.
- The State Public Service Commission is not involved in the transferring of civil servants because its duties don’t include this according to Article 320.
- This means the Commission is not asked for advice on transfers.
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56. The Union Public Service Commission can be entrusted with the functions of a State Public Service Commission with the approval of –
(a) Chief Justice of India
(b) Prime Minister
(c) Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(d) President of India
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (d) President of India
- Governor of a state can request the Public Service Commission for the Union to provide help with any of their needs.
- The President must agree to this request before it can be fulfilled.
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57. Which Article of the Constitution has provision for removal of a member of Public Service Commission?
(a) 315
(b) 316
(c) 317
(d) 318
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (c) 317
- According to the Constitution, the President can only remove the Chairman or any other member of a Public Service Commission from their job if the Supreme Court has an inquiry and decides that the person should be removed due to misconduct.
- This inquiry must be done following the process prescribed in Article 145.
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58. In the removal of which of the following officials does the Parliament NOT play any role?
1. Judges of the High Court
2. Judges of the Supreme Court
3. Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission
4. Comptroller and Auditor General of India
Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:
Codes :
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only
(d) 3 only
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (d) 3 only
- The Constitution states that the President can only dismiss the Chairman or any other member of a Public Service Commission if the Supreme Court has examined and determined that the individual should be removed for misconduct.
- This investigation must be done in accordance with Article 145.
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59. Which of the following is correct about Union Public Service Commission of India?
(a) It supervises the State Public Service Commission.
(b) It has nothing to do with State Public Service Commission.
(c) All its Members are taken from State Public Service Commission.
(d) It sends annual guidelines to State Public Service Commissions.
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (b) It has nothing to do with State Public Service Commission.
- The Indian Constitution states that the Union and State Public Service Commissions work separately.
- Article 315 states that each State should have its own Public Service Commission.
- If two or more States agree, they can have one Commission for all of them.
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60. Which one of the following is correct? Union Public Service Commission is a–
(a) Regulatory Organization
(b) Legal Organization
(c) Established by Parliamentary Ordinance
(d) Constitutional Organization
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (d) Constitutional Organization
- The Union Public Service Commission is a body that is mentioned in the Indian Constitution (Article 315).
- It is responsible for a Public Service Commission for the Union and for each individual State.
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61. The Union Public Service Commission submits its annual report to the –
(a) Prime Minister
(b) President
(c) Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(d) Home Minister
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) President
- RAccording to Article 323 of the Constitution of India, it is the duty of the Union Public Service Commission to give an annual report to the President.
- The President will also provide a copy of the report, along with a memo explaining why their advice wasn’t accepted if that is the case, to both Houses of Parliament.
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62. The first woman Chairman of Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is-
(a) Sheela Dixit
(b) Roze Bethew
(c) Veena Majumdar
(d) Margret Alwa
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (b) Roze Bethew
- Mrs. Roze Millian Bethew (Kharbuli) was the first female to serve as Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission, from 1992 to 1996.
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63. In which year P.C. Hota Committee on Civil Services Reforms was constituted?
(a) 2003
(b) 2004
(c) 2005
(d) 2006
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (b) 2004
- In February 2004, the Government of India chose Hota to be the head of a committee focused on reforming the civil services.
- He gave the government his committee’s report within 6 months.
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64. The expenses of the Public Service Commission of Uttar Pradesh are charged upon –
(a) Consolidated Fund of India
(b) Consolidated Fund of State
(c) Its own Fund generated by fees
(d) Contingent Fund
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) Consolidated Fund of State
- Article 322 of the Constitution states that the expenses of the Union and State Public Service Commissions will be taken out of the India’s Consolidated Fund and the State’s Consolidated Fund, respectively.
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65. Which Act established the Public Service Commission in India for the first time?
(a) Indian Council Act, 1892
(b) Council Act, 1909
(c) Government of India Act, 1919
(d) Government of India Act, 1935
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Government of India Act, 1919
- In 1919, the Indian government created the first Public Service Commission on October 1, 1926.
- It was called the Federal Public Service Commission and had a Chairman and four members.
- This was done as part of the Government of India Act of 1935.
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66. In which year was accounting separated from auditing and Comptroller and Auditor General’s task only remained confined to auditing the Government Accounts?
(a) 1975
(b) 1977
(c) 1976
(d) 1981
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (c) 1976
- The Comptroller and Auditor General’s (Duties, Powers and Conditions of Service) Amendment Act, 1976 went into effect on March 1, 1976.
- This change meant that the CAG would only be responsible for checking the government accounts and separating the accounting.
- Before this, they had to do both tasks at the same time.
- Even at the state level, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India still has to do both accounting and auditing.
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67. Which Article of the Indian Constitution describes the Central Vigilance Commission?
(a) Article 268
(b) Article 280
(c) Article 276
(d) None of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (d) None of the above
- In 1964, the government set up the Central Vigilance Commission based on the suggestions in the K. Santhanam committee’s report on preventing corruption.
- Originally, this commission was not legally recognized, but in 2003, a law passed by Parliament gave it a legal status.
- Article 280 is about the Finance Commission, Article 268 is about taxes charged by the union but collected by the states, and Article 276 is about taxes on jobs, trades, and professions.
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