Karachi Session of Congress (1931) Notes with PDF

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Overview: The Karachi Session of the Indian National Congress (1931)

• Date: March 26-31, 1931
• President: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

1. Significance of the Karachi Session

• It was the first session where the Indian National Congress passed resolutions on:
  • Fundamental Rights
  • A National Economic Programme
• It was the first time the Congress officially mentioned the term ‘Complete Independence’.
• Subhash Chandra Bose regarded this session as the “pinnacle of Mahatma Gandhi’s popularity and prestige.”

2. Key Resolutions Passed

• Ratification of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact: The session officially approved the pact signed earlier that month.
• Resolution on Fundamental Rights & Economic Programme: This landmark resolution was drafted by Jawaharlal Nehru in collaboration with M.N. Roy.

3. Contextual Events

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact (Direct Context)

• Date Signed: March 5, 1931
• Parties: Mahatma Gandhi (representing the Indian National Congress) and Lord Irwin (the Viceroy of India).
• Purpose: The Congress authorized Gandhi to negotiate with the Viceroy, which led to this pact. Its ratification was a primary agenda item for the Karachi Session.

Execution of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev (Immediate Context)

• Date: March 23, 1931
• Event: The three revolutionaries were hanged in the Lahore conspiracy case.
• Impact on Session: The execution occurred just three days before the session began, casting a significant shadow over the proceedings. Gandhi faced strong opposition and was forced to defend the Gandhi-Irwin Pact amidst public anger over the executions.

4. Subsequent Events in the Chronological Sequence

• Second Round Table Conference (1931)
  • Date: Began on September 7, 1931.
  • Congress Representation: Mahatma Gandhi attended as the sole official representative.
  • Outcome: The conference was a complete failure.
• Poona Pact (1932)
  • Date: September 24, 1932.
  • Note: This event is part of the broader historical timeline but is not directly related to the Karachi Session or the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.

Chronological Timeline of Key Events (1931-1932)

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